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Update README.md relating to modprobe
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README.md
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README.md
@ -124,62 +124,44 @@ modules for the user, like drivers etc., given they are plugged in on startup.
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#### Blacklist and disable kernel modules
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Certain kernel modules are blacklisted and disabled by default to reduce attack
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surface via both the `/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc_blacklist.conf` and
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`/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc_disable.conf` configuration files respectively.
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Certain kernel modules are blacklisted by default to reduce attack surface via
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`/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc_blacklist.conf`. Blacklisting prevents kernel
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modules from automatically starting.
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- Deactivates Netfilter's connection tracking helper - this module increases
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kernel attack surface by enabling superfluous functionality such as IRC
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parsing in the kernel. Hence, this feature is disabled.
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- CD-ROM/DVD: Blacklist modules required for CD-ROM/DVD devices.
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- Thunderbolt and numerous FireWire kernel modules are also disabled as they
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are often vulnerable to DMA attacks.
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- Conntrack: Deactivates Netfilter's connection tracking helper - this module
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increases kernel attack surface by enabling superfluous functionality such
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as IRC parsing in the kernel. Hence, this feature is disabled.
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- The MSR kernel module is disabled to prevent CPU MSRs from being abused to
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write to arbitrary memory.
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- Framebuffer Drivers: Blacklisted as they are well-known to be buggy, cause
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kernel panics, and are generally only used by legacy devices.
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- Uncommon network protocols are blacklisted. This includes:
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- Miscellaneous: Blacklist an assortment other modules to prevent them from
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automatically loading.
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- DCCP - Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
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- SCTP - Stream Control Transmission Protocol
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- RDS - Reliable Datagram Sockets
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- TIPC - Transparent Inter-process Communication
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- HDLC - High-Level Data Link Control
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- AX25 - Amateur X.25
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- NetRom
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- X25
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- ROSE
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- DECnet
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- Econet
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- af_802154 - IEEE 802.15.4
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- IPX - Internetwork Packet Exchange
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- AppleTalk
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- PSNAP - Subnetwork Access Protocol
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- p8023 - Novell raw IEEE 802.3
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- p8022 - IEEE 802.2
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- CAN - Controller Area Network
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- ATM
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Specific kernel modules are entirely disabled to reduce attack surface via
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`/etc/modprobe.d/30_security-misc_disable.conf`. Disabling prohibits kernel
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modules from starting. This approach should not be considered comprehensive,
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rather it is a form of badness enumeration.
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- Disables a large array of uncommon file systems and network file systems
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that reduces the attack surface especially against legacy approaches.
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- File Systems: Disable uncommon and legacy file systems.
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- The vivid kernel module is only required for testing and has been the cause
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of multiple vulnerabilities so it is disabled.
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- FireWire (IEEE 1394): Disabled as they are often vulnerable to DMA attacks.
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- Provides some disabling of the interface between the [Intel Management
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Engine (ME)](https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/mei/mei.html)
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and the OS.
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- GPS: Disables GPS-related modules responsible systems such as for Global
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Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).
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- Disables several kernel modules responsible for GPS such as GNSS (Global
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Navigation Satellite System).
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- Intel Management Engine (ME): Provides some disabling of the interface between the
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Intel ME and the OS.
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- Incorporates much of
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[Ubuntu's](https://git.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/kmod/tree/debian/modprobe.d?h=ubuntu/disco)
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default blacklist of modules to be blocked from automatically loading.
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However, they are still permitted to load.
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- Network File Systems: Disable uncommon and legacy network file systems.
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- Blocks automatic loading of the modules needed to use of CD-ROM devices by
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default. Not completely disabled yet.
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- Network Protocols: Wide array of uncommon and legacy network protocols are disabled.
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- Miscellaneous: Disable an assortment other modules such as vivid.
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- Thunderbolt: Disabled as they are often vulnerable to DMA attacks.
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### Other
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