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100 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: System Requirements
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permalink: /doc/system-requirements/
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redirect_from:
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- /system-requirements/
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- /en/doc/system-requirements/
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- /doc/SystemRequirements/
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- /wiki/SystemRequirements/
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---
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# System Requirements #
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<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
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<i class="fa fa-exclamation-triangle"></i>
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<b>Notice:</b>
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The system requirements on this page are <em>necessary, but not sufficient,</em> for Qubes compatibility at a minimal or recommended level.
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In other words, just because a computer satisfies these requirements doesn't mean that Qubes will successfully install and run on it.
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We strongly recommend consulting the <a href="/hcl/">Hardware Compatibility List</a> to verify that Qubes can install and run on your specific model in the ways you need it to.
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</div>
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## Qubes Release 3.x ##
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### Minimum ###
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* 64-bit Intel or AMD processor (x86\_64 aka x64 aka AMD64)
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* 4 GB RAM
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* 32 GB disk space
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* Legacy boot mode (required for R3.0 and earlier; UEFI is supported beginning with R3.1)
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### Recommended ###
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility List]).
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* [Intel VT-x] or [AMD-V] (required for running HVM domains, such as Windows-based AppVMs)
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* [Intel VT-d] or [AMD-Vi (aka AMD IOMMU)] (required for effective isolation of network VMs)
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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## Qubes Release 4.x ##
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### Minimum ###
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* 64-bit Intel or AMD processor (x86\_64 aka x64 aka AMD64)
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* [Intel VT-x] with [EPT] or [AMD-V] with [RVI]
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* [Intel VT-d] or [AMD-Vi (aka AMD IOMMU)]
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* 4 GB RAM
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* 32 GB disk space
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### Recommended ###
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* Fast SSD (strongly recommended)
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* Intel IGP (strongly preferred)
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* Nvidia GPUs may require significant [troubleshooting][nvidia].
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* ATI GPUs have not been formally tested (but see the [Hardware Compatibility List]).
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* TPM with proper BIOS support (required for [Anti Evil Maid])
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* A non-USB keyboard or multiple USB controllers
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* Also consider the [hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x].
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## Choosing Hardware ##
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* Please see the [Hardware Compatibility List] for a compilation of hardware reports generated and submitted by users across various Qubes versions.
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(For more information about the HCL itself, see [here][hcl-doc].)
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* See the [Certified Hardware] page.
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## Important Notes ##
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* Qubes **can** be installed on systems which do not meet the recommended requirements.
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Such systems will still offer significant security improvements over traditional operating systems, since things like GUI isolation and kernel protection do not require special hardware.
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* Qubes **can** be installed on a USB flash drive or external disk, and testing has shown that this works very well. A fast USB 3.0 flash drive is recommended for this.
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(As a reminder, its capacity must be at least 32 GB.)
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Simply plug the flash drive into the computer before booting into the Qubes installer from a separate installation medium, choose the flash drive as the target installation disk, and proceed with the installation normally.
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After Qubes has been installed on the flash drive, it can then be plugged into other computers in order to boot into Qubes.
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In addition to the convenience of having a portable copy of Qubes, this allows users to test for hardware compatibility on multiple machines (e.g., at a brick-and-mortar computer
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store) before deciding on which computer to purchase.
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(See [hcl-report] for advice on hardware compatibility testing.)
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Remember to change the devices assigned to your NetVM and USBVM if you move between different machines.
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* Installing Qubes in a virtual machine is not recommended, as it uses its own bare-metal hypervisor (Xen).
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* [Advice on finding a VT-d capable notebook][vt-d-notebook].
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[nvidia]: /doc/install-nvidia-driver/
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[hardware certification requirements for Qubes 4.x]: /news/2016/07/21/new-hw-certification-for-q4/
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[Certified Hardware]: /doc/certified-hardware/
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[Hardware Compatibility List]: /hcl/
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[hcl-doc]: /doc/hcl/
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[hcl-report]: /doc/hcl/#generating-and-submitting-new-reports
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[Anti Evil Maid]: /doc/anti-evil-maid/
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[live USB]: /doc/live-usb/
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[#230]: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/230
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[vt-d-notebook]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/Sz0Nuhi4N0o/ZtpJdoc0OY8J
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[Intel VT-x]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#Intel_virtualization_.28VT-x.29
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[AMD-V]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#AMD_virtualization_.28AMD-V.29
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[Intel VT-d]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#Intel-VT-d
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[AMD-Vi (aka AMD IOMMU)]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization#I.2FO_MMU_virtualization_.28AMD-Vi_and_Intel_VT-d.29
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[EPT]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Level_Address_Translation#Extended_Page_Tables
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[RVI]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Level_Address_Translation#Rapid_Virtualization_Indexing
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