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180 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
180 lines
7.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: Installation Guide
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permalink: /doc/installation-guide/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/installation-guide/
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- /doc/InstallationGuide/
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- /wiki/InstallationGuide/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B2/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2B3/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2rc1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR2rc2/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc2/
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---
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Installation Guide
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==================
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Warnings
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--------
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There is a set of known upstream bugs in the Fedora installer that affect Qubes 3.2 ([Bug 1170803], [Bug 1374983], and [Bug 1268700]; tracked in Qubes issue [#2835]).
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This issue is fixed in Qubes 4.0.
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On Qubes 3.2, because of these bugs, the installer will try to access all existing disk partitions, run fsck on them, and mount them.
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Therefore, we *strongly* recommended that, prior to starting the Qubes installer, you physically disconnect all disks that you do not want to be modified.
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Furthermore, if you are installing Qubes on a potentially compromised system, we *strongly* recommended that you wipe your target installation disk before starting the installer.
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In new installations of Qubes, the following steps may need to be applied in dom0 and Fedora 26 TemplateVMs in order to receive updates (see [#3737]).
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Steps for dom0 updates:
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1. Open the Qubes Menu by clicking on the "Q" icon in the top-left corner of the screen.
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2. Select `Terminal Emulator`.
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3. In the window that opens, enter this command:
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sudo nano /etc/yum.repos.d/qubes-dom0.repo
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4. This opens the nano text editor. Change all four instances of `http` to `https`.
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5. Press `CTRL+X`, then `Y`, then `ENTER` to save changes and exit.
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6. Check for updates normally.
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Steps for Fedora 26 TemplateVM updates:
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1. Open the Qubes Menu by clicking on the "Q" icon in the top-left corner of the screen.
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2. Select `Template: fedora-26`, then `fedora-26: Terminal`.
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3. In the window that opens, enter the command for your version:
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[Qubes 3.2] sudo gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/qubes-r3.repo
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[Qubes 4.0] sudo gedit /etc/yum.repos.d/qubes-r4.repo
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4. This opens the gedit text editor in a window. Change all four instances of `http` to `https`.
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5. Click the "Save" button in the top-right corner of the window.
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6. Close the window.
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7. Check for updates normally.
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8. Shut down the TemplateVM.
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Hardware Requirements
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---------------------
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Please see the [system requirements] and [Hardware Compatibility List] pages for
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more information on required and recommended hardware.
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**Note:** We don't recommend installing Qubes in a virtual machine! It will
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likely not work. Please don't send emails asking about it. You can, however,
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install it on an external USB hard drive (at least 32 GB) and run from it,
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at least for testing. Bear in mind, however, that such disks are typically
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*orders* of magnitude slower than even the slowest internal hard drives.
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Downloading the ISO
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-------------------
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See the [downloads] page for ISO downloads. Remember, we have absolutely
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no control over those servers, so you should be assuming that they might be
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compromised, or just be serving compromised ISOs because their operators decided
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so, for whatever reason. Always verify the digital signature on the downloaded
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ISO. Make sure to read our guide on [verifying signatures] for more info about
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how to download and verify our PGP keys and verify the downloaded ISO.
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**Note:** The Qubes R4.0 ISO is large, so if you are using R3.2 to download it you may need to [increase the private storage](/doc/resize-disk-image/#expand-disk-image-r32) available to the AppVM.
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Copying the ISO onto the installation medium
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--------------------------------------------
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Once you verify this is an authentic ISO, you should copy it onto the
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installation medium of your choice, such as a DVD or a USB drive. (Please note
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that there are important [security considerations] to keep in mind when choosing
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an installation medium.)
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If you prefer to use a USB drive, then you just need to copy the ISO onto the
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USB device, e.g. using `dd`:
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dd if=Qubes-R3-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=1M && sync
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Change `Qubes-R3-x86_64.iso` to the filename of the version you're installing,
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and change `/dev/sdX` to the correct target device (e.g., `/dev/sdc`).
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**Warning:** Choosing the wrong device could result in data loss. Make sure to
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write to the entire device (e.g., `/dev/sdc`) rather than just a single
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partition (e.g., `/dev/sdc1`).
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On Windows, you can use the [Rufus] tool. Be sure to select "DD image" mode (you
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need to do that **after** selecting the Qubes ISO):
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**Warning:** If you do that on Windows 10, you can only install Qubes without
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MediaTest, which isn't recommended.
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<img src="/attachment/wiki/InstallationGuide/rufus-main-boxed.png" height="350">
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Before proceeding with the installation, you are encouraged to first read all
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the information on this page. When you're ready, boot your system from the
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installation source and follow the on-screen instructions. The installer is very
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simple and asks very few questions. (It's actually easier to install Qubes right
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now than most other Linux distributions!)
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The installer loads Xen right at the beginning, so chances are high that if you
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can see the installer's graphical screen and you pass the compatibility check that
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runs immediately after that, Qubes will work on your system. :)
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Installing to a USB drive
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-------------------------
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Installing an operating system onto a USB drive can be a convenient and secure
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method of ensuring that your data is protected. Be advised that a minimum
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storage of 32 GB is required on the USB drive. This installation process may
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take longer than an installation on a standard hard disk. The installation
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process is identical to using a hard disk in conjunction with two exceptions:
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* Select the USB as the storage location for the OS.
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* Leave the option checked to “Automatically configure my Qubes installation to
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the disk(s) I selected and return me to the main menu”.
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Upgrading
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---------
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For instructions in upgrading an existing installation, please see the **Release
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Notes** of the version to which you want to upgrade. All of these release notes
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are available from the main [downloads] page.
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Getting Help
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------------
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* We work very hard on making the [documentation] accurate, comprehensive, and
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useful. We urge you to read it! It may very well contain the answers to your
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questions. (Since the documentation is a community effort, we'd also greatly
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appreciate your help in [improving] it!)
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* If you don't find your answer in the documentation, it may be time to consult
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the [mailing lists], as well as the many other available sources of [help].
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* Please do not email individual developers (Marek, Joanna, etc.) with
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questions about installation or other problems. Please send all such
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questions to the appropriate mailing list.
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[Bug 1170803]: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1170803
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[Bug 1374983]: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1374983
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[Bug 1268700]: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268700
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[#2835]: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/2835
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[#3737]: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/3737
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[system requirements]: /doc/system-requirements/
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[Hardware Compatibility List]: /hcl/
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[live USB]: /doc/live-usb/
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[downloads]: /downloads/
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[verifying signatures]: /security/verifying-signatures/
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[security considerations]: /doc/install-security/
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[Rufus]: https://rufus.akeo.ie/
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[documentation]: /doc/
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[improving]: /doc/doc-guidelines/
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[mailing lists]: /support/
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[help]: /help/
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