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296 lines
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Markdown
296 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
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layout: doc
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title: How to create a Kali Linux VM
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permalink: /doc/pentesting/kali/
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redirect_from:
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- /doc/kali/
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---
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**General reminder:**
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- The installation scripts and provided tools may have bugs, be vulnerable to Man in the Middle (MitM) attacks or other vulnerabilities.
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- Adding additional repositories or tools for installing software extends your trust to those tool providers.
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Please keep in mind that using such a VM or VM's based on the template for security and privacy critical tasks is not recommended.
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How to Create a Kali Linux VM
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=============================
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This guide is being created to give guidance on ways in which you could create a [Kali Linux][kali] penetration testing VM (qube) in Qubes OS.
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Kali Linux is the most widely used penetration testing Linux distribution.
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There are multiple ways to create a Kali Linux VM:
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1. Create a HVM and use the offical ISO to install the system or convert a [Virtual Image][kali-vbox]. Explained [here](#hvm).
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2. Clone the Qubes OS Debian image and turn it into a Kali Linux distribution using [katoolin]. Explained [here](#katoolin).
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3. Clone the Qubes OS 'jessie' Debian template, upgrade it to 'stretch'
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(Debian 9.0) and turn it into a Kali linux template. Explained
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[here](#templatevm-from-debian).
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Kali Linux HVM <a name="hvm"/>
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--------------
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1. Download the Kali installation DVD
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2. Create a new HVM
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3. Start the HVM with attached CD/DVD
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qvm-start <hvm-name> --cdrom <vm-name>:/home/user/Downloads/<iso-name>.iso
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Debian based Kali Template with Katoolin <a name="katoolin"/>
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----------------------------------------
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Katoolin is a script (written in Python) which helps you to install Kali tools.
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1. (Optional) Install `debian-8` template (if not already installed)
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2. Update your `debian-8` template
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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3. Clone `debian-8` template (two options)
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1. Via Qubes VM Manager
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2. Via command line
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qvm-clone debian-8 kali
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4. Start and upgrade the `kali` Template from Debian 8 to Debian 9
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sudo sed -i 's/jessie/stretch/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
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sudo sed -i 's/jessie/stretch/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/qubes-r3.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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sudo apt-get autoremove
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5. Install Katoolin and add Kali Linux repositories
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1. Install Katoolin
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sudo apt-get install git
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git clone https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin.git
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sudo cp katoolin/katoolin.py /usr/bin/katoolin
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sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/katoolin
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rm -rf katoolin
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2. Add Kali Linux repositories
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- start katoolin
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sudo katoolin
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- select 'Add Kali repositories & Update'
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1) Add Kali repositories & Update
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2) View Categories
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3) Install classicmenu indicator
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4) Install Kali menu
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5) Help
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kat > 1
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- select 'Add kali linux repositories'
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1) Add kali linux repositories
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2) Update
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3) Remove all kali linux repositories
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4) View the contents of sources.list file
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What do you want to do ?> 1
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- update Kali repositories
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1) Add kali linux repositories
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2) Update
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3) Remove all kali linux repositories
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4) View the contents of sources.list file
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What do you want to do ?> 2
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- quit katoolin by pressing `CRTL` + `c` keys
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What do you want to do ?> ^CShutdown requested...Goodbye...
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6. Clean up and update `kali` template
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sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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sudo apt-get autoremove
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7. Shutdown and trim `kali` template
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- Shutdown `kali` template
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sudo shutdown -h now
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- In `dom0` console:
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qvm-trim-template kali
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8. Start image
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9. Install tools
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1. View Categories
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- start katoolin
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sudo katoolin
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- select `2) View Categories`
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2. Select the categories/tools you want to install
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- For more information on how to use Katoolin see [How to Auto Install All Kali Linux Tools Using “Katoolin” on Debian/Ubuntu][katoolin-howto].
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- **Note:** The `all` option does not work for `Information Gathering`, `Web Apps`, `Forensic Tools`, `Reverse Engineering` and `Extra`.
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10. Create a AppVMs based on the `kali` template
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- (Optional) Attach necessary devices
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Kali Linux TemplateVM from a Debian template <a name="debian-upgrade"/><a name="templatevm-from-debian"/>
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--------------------------------------------
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This section will explain how to create your own [Kali] Linux TemplateVM based
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on a Debian 9.0 (Stretch) TemplateVM. The basic idea is to personalize the
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template with all the tools needed, and then spin up isolated AppVMs based on
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the template.
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This has been tested on Qubes OS 3.2.
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The steps can be summarised as:
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1. Install Qubes' Debian 8.0 (Jessie) template
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2. Upgrade the template to Debian 9.0 (Stretch)
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3. Install Kali Linux through the ``kali-linux-full`` package
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4. Use the template to build AppVM so that you can maintain isolation between
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e.g. pentesting jobs
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### Get Kali Linux GPG key ###
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**CAUTION:** Before proceeding, please carefully read [On Digital Signatures and Key Verification][qubes-verifying-signatures].
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This website cannot guarantee that any PGP key you download from the Internet is authentic.
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Always obtain a trusted key fingerprint via other channels, and always check any key you download against your trusted copy of the fingerprint.
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This step is required since by (security) default a TemplateVM do not have a
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direct Internet connectivity. Users understanding the risks of enabling such
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access can change this configuration in firewall settings for the TemplateVM.
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1. Retrive the Kali Linux GPG key using a DispVM.
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[user@xxxx-dvm ~]$ gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 7D8D0BF6
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[user@xxxx-dvm ~]$ gpg --list-keys --with-fingerprint 7D8D0BF6
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[user@xxxx-dvm ~]$ gpg --export --armor 7D8D0BF6 > kali-key.asc
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2. **DO NOT TURN OFF** the DispVM, the `kali-key.asc` file will be copied to
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the Kali Linux template in a further step.
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3. Make sure the key is the authentic Kali key.
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See the [Kali website] for further advice and instructions on verification.
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### Create a Kali Linux (rolling) template ###
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These instructions will show you how to upgrade a Debian 9 TemplateVM to Kali Linux.
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**Note:** The prompt on each line indicates where each command should be entered
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(`@dom0`, `@kali-rolling` or `@xxxx-dvm`).
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1. Ensure the base template is not running.
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-shutdown debian-9
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2. Clone the base template and start a terminal in the new template.
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-clone debian-9 kali-rolling
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-run -a kali-rolling gnome-terminal
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3. Copy the Kali GPG key from the DispVM to the new template:
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[user@xxxx-dvm ~]$ qvm-copy-to-vm kali-rolling kali-key.asc
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The DispVM can now be turned off.
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4. Add the Kali GPG key to the list of keys trusted to authenticate packages:
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ cat /home/user/QubesIncoming/dispXXX/kali-key.asc | sudo apt-key add -
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This command should return `OK` on a line by itself.
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5. Attempt the upgrade process in the new template.
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ sudo cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kali.list
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# Kali Linux repository
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deb http://http.kali.org/kali kali-rolling main non-free contrib
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EOF
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ sudo apt-get update
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ sudo apt-get autoremove
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6. Shut down and trim the new template.
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-shutdown kali-rolling
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-trim-template kali-rolling
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7. Ensure a terminal can be opened in the new template.
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[user@dom0 ~]$ qvm-run -a kali-rolling gnome-terminal
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### Install the Kali tools ###
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At this point you should have a working template and you can install the tools you need.
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1. [resize the template disk image][qubes-resize-disk-image] if you plan on installing the full Kali distribution. For example to install `kali-linux-full` you must **grow** the size of the VM system from 10GB to at least 20GB.
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2. Install Kali Linux tools:
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[user@kali-rolling ~]$ sudo apt-get install kali-linux-full
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3. (Optional) Customise the template's home directory (e.g. install your licensed copy of Burp Suite Professional)
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### Use the template ###
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The template is ready to be used. You can now spin up AppVMs based on the `kali-rolling` template.
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Alternative Options to Kali Linux
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---------------------------------
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* [PenTester Framework][PTF], with [PTF Qubes OS guide][qubes-ptf]
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* BlackArch Linux, with [BA Qubes OS guide][qubes-blackarch]
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* [KATOOLIN][katoolin-howto]
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* more on the [Penetration Testing page][qubes-pentesting]
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Notes
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-----
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Thanks to the people in [the discussion thread](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/1981).
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[qubes-verifying-signatures]: /security/verifying-signatures/
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[qubes-pentesting]: /doc/pentesting/
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[qubes-blackarch]: /doc/pentesting/blackarch/
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[qubes-ptf]: /doc/pentesting/ptf/
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[qubes-template-debian-install]: /doc/templates/debian/#install
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[qubes-resize-disk-image]: /doc/resize-disk-image/
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[kali]: https://www.kali.org/
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[kali-vbox]: https://www.offensive-security.com/kali-linux-vmware-virtualbox-image-download/
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[kali website]: https://docs.kali.org/introduction/download-official-kali-linux-images
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[PTF]: https://www.trustedsec.com/may-2015/new-tool-the-pentesters-framework-ptf-released/
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[katoolin]: https://github.com/LionSec/katoolin
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[katoolin-howto]: http://www.tecmint.com/install-kali-linux-tools-using-katoolin-on-ubuntu-debian/
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