--- layout: wiki title: HCL permalink: /wiki/HCL/ --- Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) for All Qubes OS Releases =========================================================== This list contains information about the [latest stable release](/wiki/HCL#LatestStableRelease) (**R1**) and the [latest development release](/wiki/HCL#LatestDevelopmentRelease) (**R2B3**). You can also find information about the [previous releases](/wiki/HCL#PreviousReleases) here. Generating and Submitting New Reports ------------------------------------- In order to generate an HCL report in Qubes, simply open a terminal in dom0 and run `qubes-hcl-report `, where `` is the name of the VM to which the generated HCL files will be saved. (Note: If you are working with a new Qubes installation, you may need to update your system in order to download this script.) Users are encouraged to submit their HCL reports for the benefit of further Qubes development and other users. If you would like to submit your HCL report, please send the **HCL Info** `.txt` file to `qubes-users@googlegroups.com` (see [here](/wiki/QubesLists) information about the mailing lists) with the subject `HCL - `. Please include any useful information about any Qubes features you may have tested (see the legend above), as well as general machine compatibility (video, networking, sleep, etc.). If you have problems with your hardware, please send the **HCL Support Files** `.cpio.gz` file as well. **Please note:** The **HCL Support Files** may contain numerous hardware details, including serial numbers. If, for privacy or security reasons, you do not wish to make this information public, please **do not** send the `.cpio.gz` file to the public mailing list. Reports ------- **Note:** The HCL is a compilation of reports generated and submitted by users. Except in the case of developer-reported entries, the Qubes team has not independently verified the accuracy of these reports. If using the list to make a purchasing decision, we recommend that you first test the hardware yourself, if possible. **Legend** **Background colors** White We have not received a sufficient report yet Green The reporter has sent an HCL Info output which indicates everything is OK. Yellow Some non-required feature is missing (e.g., VT-d), or manual tweaking is required in order to get some components to work. Red Some primary feature is not working. These are usually machines with poor or nonexistent Linux support in general. **Marks** Yes,OK The feature is working correctly. No,X The feature does not work or is not present. \* An asterisk (\*) indicates that some kind of tweaking is needed.   A blank cell indicates that we lack information about a feature. Latest Development Release -------------------------- Qubes R2 Beta3 ============== Device Runs out of the box Kernel 3.11 Kernel 3.9 Kernel 3.7 VT-x (HVM) VT-d Remarks Reported by **Laptop Devices** Lenovo Thinkpad T420s (i5-2520M; Sandy Bridge; Intel HD graphics) Yes Yes Yes Yes Qubes core developers Lenovo Thinkpad T61 (Nvidia Quadro NVS 140M) Yes Yes Yes No Qubes core developers Samsung X460 (P8600; PM45; GeForce 9200M GS; BIOS 06LY.M038.20091110.JIP) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No [marmarek (Qubes core developer)](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/S-leNH8AYsU/WL_XdNAhBkQJ) Sony Vaio Z 12 (2010 edition) Yes Yes Yes [​read more](/trac/wiki/SonyVaioTinkering) Qubes core developers Dell Latitude E6420 (i5-2520M; Sandy Bridge; Intel HD graphics; BIOS A17) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes [marmarek (Qubes core developer)](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/S-leNH8AYsU/WL_XdNAhBkQJ) Apple MacBookPro (i7 M620; GeForce GT 330M) Yes No No Network, Chipset doesn't support VT-d! [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/hag-MQDH_Vs/discussion) [​Alex Dubois](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/hag-MQDH_Vs/pmJ7TIWUWAsJ) Apple MacBookPro (i5-3210M; Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics 4000) Yes Yes No CPU VT-d support!? [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/ZbjrseLxuPQ/discussion) [​ph145h](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/ZbjrseLxuPQ/5Jx5DvpnwMMJ) ASUS X55A No No [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/discussion) [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/NRsqR0g6wIMJ) Dell Latitude E4300 (P9600; GM45; GMA 4500MHD) Yes Yes [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/LNJqSbH0cOQ/discussion) [​Pablo Costa](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/LNJqSbH0cOQ/VC9EwEDrXMQJ) Dell Latitude E6430 (i5-3340M; Ivy Bridge; Intel HD graphics; BIOS A11) \* Yes Yes Yes [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/pAVGe04ZC48/AJwY6yd7LeIJ) Fujitsu S751 (i5-2520M; QM67; HD3000; BIOS 1.18) \* Yes Yes Yes [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/ER61L6TbVpwJ) Lenovo Thinkpad T430s (2352CTO) (i5-3320M; Ivy Bridge; Intel HD graphics; BIOS 2.05) Yes Yes Yes Yes [​cprise](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/Ll_pPP7glwI/jtRbKtQO_rMJ) Lenovo ThinkPad X220 (4290-W3W) (i5-2520M; QM67; HD3000; BIOS 1.39) Yes Yes Yes Yes [​Matt Tracy](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/5tNavg4MhT4/dFXsYHXOgu4J) **Desktop, Workstation and Server** HP Compaq dc7900 Convertible Minitower (E8400; Q45/Q43; BIOS 1.16) \* No Yes No Yes Yes Problem with graphics on 3.11,3.7, only 2GB RAM. [​Nukama](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/RYzkSFoMsxQ/ukXhBW4ybqQJ) HP ProLiant DL360 G5 (E5440; 5000P; ATI ES1000; BIOS P58) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Some video glitches, no audio hardware. [​Nukama](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/1CyVEStoVCI/RTRw8-aalsUJ) Lenovo ThinkCentre M71e (G620; H61; HD Graphics 2000; BIOS 9QKT29AUS) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No [​Nukama](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/YcqMDcVYQh8/pk0B_9RfGQMJ) **Motherboards** Biostar A880GZ (AM3+; 880G/SB850) \* \* Yes Yes [\#762](/trac/ticket/762) [​clewis](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/YcqMDcVYQh8/pk0B_9RfGQMJ) Biostar TA790GX A3+ (AM3; 790GX/SB750; BIOS 78DAA420) \* \* Yes Yes Yes No [\#762](/trac/ticket/762) Gigabyte GA-X79S-UP5 Wi-Fi (2011; C606; BIOS 1.0) Yes Yes VT-d option in BIOS according to [manual](http://download.gigabyte.eu/FileList/Manual/mb-manual_ga-x79s-up5_e.pdf) Latest Stable Release --------------------- Qubes R1 ======== Device Standard features VT-d Remarks Reported by **Developer Reported Machines** Lenovo Thinkpad T420 OK OK Qubes core developers Lenovo Thinkpad T420s (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2520M) OK OK Qubes core developers Lenovo Thinkpad T61 (Nvidia Quadro NVS 140M) OK X Qubes core developers Samsung X460 OK X Qubes core developers Sony Vaio Z 12 (2010 edition) OK OK [read more](/trac/wiki/SonyVaioTinkering) Qubes core developers Dell Latitude E6420 (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2520M) OK OK needs kernel 3.4.17+ Qubes core developers **User Reported Laptops** ASUS UX-31 \* [​Stephen Boyd](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/6I07Bbzn5M4/discussion) ASUS X55A X X [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/discussion) [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/NRsqR0g6wIMJ) Dell Latitude 5520 OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/7418e7084c2de99f?hl=en) [​Erik Edin](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/7418e7084c2de99f?hl=en) Dell Latitude E6520 OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/340afc6fc2d06d0e) [​Steven Collins](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/340afc6fc2d06d0e) Dell PowerEdge T110 II (onboard Matrox; Xeon E3-1230) OK OK [​Geoff](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/8a894915909eeaee) Dell Precision M4600 (i7-2860QM; NVIDIA Quadro 1000M) OK OK [​nqe](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/browse_thread/thread/ddf35d12a35f96a3) Dell XPS 13 (i5; intel HD; sandy bridge; BIOS A03) OK [​j](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/7JumqdldVJM/n9TiDVxc2jkJ) Fujitsu S751 (HD3000; QM67; i5-2520M; BIOS 1.18) OK OK [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/ER61L6TbVpwJ) Lenovo Thinkpad W510 (nVidia; i7-Q820) OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/TgDWwBs36yA/IUFZPHs716cJ) [​Sebastian Hültenschmidt](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/TgDWwBs36yA/IUFZPHs716cJ) Lenovo Thinkpad x220 (Sandy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-2520M; BIOS: 1.39) OK OK [​Stefan Boresch](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/f41578eef913446a) Lenovo Thinkpad x230 (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-3320M; BIOS:2.51) \* OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/XN6JrEXVOVA/lkxGRA00EqgJ) [​Chris](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/XN6JrEXVOVA/lkxGRA00EqgJ) Toshiba Tecra S11 OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/browse_thread/thread/fdec0ec165a87726) [​Jan Beerden](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/browse_thread/thread/fdec0ec165a87726) Toshiba Tecra A11-15X (i7-M620) OK OK [​PirBoazo](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/browse_thread/thread/c0d5f6a33d672b62) Toshiba M780 S7240 (BIOS latest) OK OK [​Franz](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/browse_thread/thread/66e97c990a08d8e2) Samsung Series 7 Chronos NP700Z5C (nVidia Optimus; i7-3635QM; BIOS P04ABJ) OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/0xBeX8NZFiU/bUqxGdn6KOMJ) [​Outback Dingo](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/0xBeX8NZFiU/bUqxGdn6KOMJ) Sony Vaio Z2 (2011 edition) OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/fkC6em-Wqd0J) [​Danny Fullerton](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/fkC6em-Wqd0J) **User Reported Desktops and Workstations** Supermicro X10SAE (Haswell; Radeon HD 5700; Xeon E3-1245; BIOS: 1.0) X X [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/V9BLpdf4xCs/discussion) [Qubes Fan](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/V9BLpdf4xCs/v4XcOjLT6uUJ) Previous Releases ----------------- Qubes R2 Beta2 ============== Device Standard features VT-x (HVM) VT-d Remarks Reported by **Developer Reported Machines** Lenovo Thinkpad T420s (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2520M) OK OK OK Requires kernel 3.2.30 to support S3 sleep (the default kernel S3 sleep causes system reboot) Qubes core developers Sony Vaio Z 12 (2010 edition) OK OK OK [read more](/trac/wiki/SonyVaioTinkering) Qubes core developers Dell Latitude E6420 (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2520M) OK OK OK Suspend doesn't work on 3.7.6 kernel, but work on 3.7.4 Qubes core developers **User Reported Laptops** Apple MacBookPro (i7 M620) X OK X [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/hag-MQDH_Vs/discussion) [​Alex Dubois](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/hag-MQDH_Vs/pmJ7TIWUWAsJ) Apple MacBookPro (Intel HD Graphics, Ivy Bridge, i5-3210M) X OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/ZbjrseLxuPQ/discussion) [​ph145h](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/ZbjrseLxuPQ/5Jx5DvpnwMMJ) ASUS X55A X X X [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/discussion) [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/2csjvHia9Rw/NRsqR0g6wIMJ) Dell Latitude E4300 (Intel GMA 4500M; Mobile 4 Series Chipset; Core2 Duo P9600) X OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/LNJqSbH0cOQ/discussion) [​Pablo Costa](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/LNJqSbH0cOQ/VC9EwEDrXMQJ) Dell Latitude E6320 (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2540M; BIOS: A06) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/FyA7_Kzw1WA/discussion) [Alex​](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/F-jVh62ANak/s57rqUWTY7kJ) Dell Latitude E6430 (Intel HD graphics; Ivy Bridge; i5-3340M, BIOS: A11) OK OK OK [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/pAVGe04ZC48/AJwY6yd7LeIJ) Dell XPS 13 (i5; intel HD; sandy bridge; BIOS A03) OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/jamRkZJDC0g/KTniY0Y3dioJ) [​j](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/7JumqdldVJM/n9TiDVxc2jkJ) Dell XPS 13 (L322X) (i7-3537U; intel HD; Ivy Bridge; BIOS A09) \* OK X [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/21kqNBzJLPw/discussion) [​Brian J Smith-Sweeney](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/21kqNBzJLPw/e74SMRweTMsJ) Fujitsu S751 (HD3000; QM67; i5-2520M; BIOS 1.18) OK OK OK needs kernel downgrade to 3.7.4 [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/ER61L6TbVpwJ) HP EliteBook 8540p (Arrandale; NVIDIA GT216; i5-2540M; BIOS:F.0C) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/o_FTsPW6GD8/discussion) [Olivier Médoc](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/o_FTsPW6GD8/bjAD-CSpRKsJ) HP EliteBook 8560p (Sandy Bridge; ATI Caicos; i5-2540M; BIOS: F.08) \* OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/o_FTsPW6GD8/discussion) [Olivier Médoc](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/o_FTsPW6GD8/bjAD-CSpRKsJ) HP Pavilion Sleekbook 14-B030TU (Ivy Bridge; Intel HD Graphics; i5-3317; BIOS F.06) OK OK OK [Stephen Boyd](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/ZC_SQJhXVOM/4aLjEc7GIsUJ) Lenovo Thinkpad Edge E130 (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics i3-3217U; BIOS: 2.05) OK OK OK [Danny Cautaert](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/kGnZKZ9ILKA/2vpzltNW3K4J) Lenovo Thinkpad T430 (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-3360M; BIOS: 2.51) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/LSVluAZ9Udo/discussion) [Alex Dubois](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/LSVluAZ9Udo/Fl3jmt4tWssJ) Lenovo Thinkpad T430s (i5-3320M) OK OK OK [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/V4PQYEBuoSg/discussion) [cprise](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/V4PQYEBuoSg/udLCHyR6RUUJ) Lenovo Thinkpad T430U (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics +GT 620M; i7-3517M; BIOS: 2.08) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/Z9M_k3i6dxU/discussion) [tigerbeard](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/Z9M_k3i6dxU/09CqBppyMnsJ) Lenovo Thinkpad X1 Carbon (LENOVO 3444CTO) (i5-3427U) OK OK [Ulrich Pfeifer](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/UCuF41rq758/BRhc7lTecsMJ) Lenovo Thinkpad x220 (Sandy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-2520M; BIOS: 1.39) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/-b8b9fpo0UU/discussion) [​Stefan Boresch](https://groups.google.com/group/qubes-devel/msg/f41578eef913446a) [​Matt Tracy](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/-b8b9fpo0UU/RFh6HiWqt5oJ) Lenovo Thinkpad x230 (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-3320M; BIOS:2.51) \* OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/hf0vkL3TE7k/discussion) [​Chris](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/XN6JrEXVOVA/lkxGRA00EqgJ) [​mgflax](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/hf0vkL3TE7k/VOtrW3wEbtMJ) Samsung Series 7 Chronos NP700Z5C (nVidia Optimus; i7-3635QM; BIOS P04ABJ) OK OK X [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/Wu1mn9f1qgM/discussion) [​Outback Dingo](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/0xBeX8NZFiU/bUqxGdn6KOMJ) Zareason Ultra Lap 420 (Ivy Bridge; HD Graphics; i5-3317U) OK OK [​Ant](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/uKI-VBtKWxg/uKjsdGNSpSQJ) **User Reported Desktops and Workstations** ASRock Z77 Pro4 (Ivy Bridge; Xeon E3-1200 Graphics; i7-3770; BIOS: P1.40) OK OK OK [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/lycnE-LcJBo/discussion) [gorka](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/lycnE-LcJBo/0u10xl7AMrIJ) Dell Inspiron 660 (Xeon E3-1200 Graphics; i5-3330; BIOS: A09) OK OK OK [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/Nq7T0l4A2b0/discussion) [KR](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/Nq7T0l4A2b0/IP_pwZMn9LYJ) Dell Precision T3400 Workstation (NVIDIA Quadro NVS 290; Intel Q6600; BIOS: A09) OK OK X [Andrew Sorensen](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/D16dM3rg8Iw/zOEZmjTJkRIJ) GA-fxa990-ud3 (rev 3.0) (AMD FX-8350; GTX 470) OK OK X [m astroj](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/oox94EsIduQ/7w4xUoK5pxwJ) MSI Big Bang (i7-950; Radeon HD 6770) OK [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/TxzaoodB02o/discussion) [Andrew Sorensen](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/TxzaoodB02o/NxVHjaPoRYoJ) Supermicro X10SAE (Haswell; Radeon HD 5700; Xeon E3-1245; BIOS: 1.0) OK OK X [read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/V9BLpdf4xCs/discussion) [Qubes Fan](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-users/V9BLpdf4xCs/v4XcOjLT6uUJ) Qubes R2 Beta1 ============== Device Standard features VT-x (HVM) VT-d Remarks Reported by **Developer Reported Machines** Lenovo Thinkpad T420 OK OK OK AEM works Qubes core developers Lenovo Thinkpad T420s OK OK OK AEM works Qubes core developers Lenovo Thinkpad T61 (Nvidia Quadro NVS 140M) OK OK X Qubes core developers Samsung X460 OK OK X Qubes core developers Sony Vaio Z 12 (2010 edition) OK OK OK [​read more](/trac/wiki/SonyVaioTinkering) Qubes core developers Dell Latitude E6420 (Intel HD graphics; Sandy Bridge; i5-2520M) OK OK OK needs kernel 3.4.17+ Qubes core developers **User Reported Machines** ASUS UX-31 \* [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/6I07Bbzn5M4/discussion) [​Stephen Boyd](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/6I07Bbzn5M4/discussion) Dell XPS 13 (i5; intel HD; sandy bridge; BIOS A03) OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/7JumqdldVJM/n9TiDVxc2jkJ) [​j](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/7JumqdldVJM/n9TiDVxc2jkJ) Fujitsu S751 (HD3000; QM67; i5-2520M; BIOS 1.18) OK OK OK [​Zrubi](https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/qubes-devel/xoyNCigBvFE/ER61L6TbVpwJ) HP Pavilion Sleekbook 14-B030TU (i5-3317U; BIOS F.06) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/ZC_SQJhXVOM/discussion) [​Stephen Boyd](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/ZC_SQJhXVOM/4aLjEc7GIsUJ) Lenovo Thinkpad T430 (i5-3320) OK OK OK [​Tunguuz](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/S_VG_jgtpBo/VngCPK2W5FcJ) Lenovo Thinkpad T430s (i5-3320M; HD4000; QM77; BIOS 2.05) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/Z9seyOT46Ro/discussion) [​cprise](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/Z9seyOT46Ro/wX6tsrxE84sJ) Lenovo Thinkpad X61t OK [​George Walker](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/4IrF1A6sa3U/QIQe-dNc4tEJ) Samsung Series 7 Chronos NP700Z5C (nVidia Optimus; i7-3635QM; BIOS P04ABJ) OK OK OK [​read more](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/0xBeX8NZFiU/bUqxGdn6KOMJ) [​Outback Dingo](https://groups.google.com/d/msg/qubes-devel/0xBeX8NZFiU/bUqxGdn6KOMJ)