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Remove custom install page; redirect to installation guide
This page is severely out-of-date and has remained so for an extended period of time, with no one able or willing to update it. The outdated content has proven misleading or unhelpful to many users. Since we have nothing with which to replace the outdated content, removing it seems like the lesser of two evils. (Note that the content is still available via Git history and other archives for historical reasons and for any users still on EOL releases.) If anyone is able and willing to contribute the relevant knowledge and/or text for customizing the installation of a supported Qubes release, we can bring this page back in the future. Closes QubesOS/qubes-issues#5632 Closes QubesOS/qubes-issues#5637 Closes QubesOS/qubes-issues#7915
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Andrew David Wong
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---
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advanced: true
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lang: en
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layout: doc
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permalink: /doc/custom-install/
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redirect_from:
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- /doc/encryption-config/
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ref: 152
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title: Custom installation
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---
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In the present context, "custom installation" refers to things like manual partitioning, setting up LVM and RAID, and manual LUKS encryption configuration.
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## Installer Defaults
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For reference, these are the typical defaults for a single disk with legacy boot:
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~~~
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Mount Point: /boot
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Desired Capacity: 1024 MiB
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Device Type: Standard Partition
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File System: ext4
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Name: (none)
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Mount Point: /
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Desired Capacity: (your choice)
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Device Type: LVM Thin Provisioning
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: ext4
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Name: root
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Mount Point: (none)
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Desired Capacity: 10 GiB
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Device Type: LVM
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: swap
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Name: swap
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~~~
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~~~
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
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Order Action Type Device Mount point
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1 Destroy Format Unknown Disk (sda)
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2 Create Format partition table (MSDOS) Disk (sda)
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3 Create Device partition sda1 on Disk
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4 Create Format ext4 sda1 on Disk /boot
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5 Create Device partition sda2 on Disk
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6 Create Format LUKS sda2 on Disk
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7 Create Device luks/dm-crypt luks-sda2
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8 Create Format physical volume (LVM) luks-sda2
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9 Create Device lvmvg qubes_dom0
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10 Create Device lvmthinpool qubes_dom0-pool00
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11 Create Device lvmthinlv qubes_dom0-root
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12 Create Device lvmlv qubes_dom0-swap
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13 Create Format swap qubes_dom0-swap
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14 Create Format ext4 qubes_dom0-root /
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~~~
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## Typical Partition Schemes
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If you want your partition/LVM scheme to look like the Qubes default but with a few tweaks, follow this example.
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With a single disk, the result should look something like this:
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~~~
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NAME SIZE TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sda disk
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├──sda1 1G part /boot
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└──sda2 part
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└──luks-<UUID> crypt
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├──qubes_dom0-pool00_tmeta lvm
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├──qubes_dom0-pool00_tdata lvm
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└──qubes_dom0-swap lvm [SWAP]
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~~~
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## Encryption Defaults
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By default, `cryptsetup 1.7.5` will create a LUKS/dm-crypt volume as follows:
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~~~
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Version: 1
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Cipher name: aes
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Cipher mode: xts-plain64
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Hash spec: sha256
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~~~
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~~~
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$ cryptsetup --help
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[...]
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Default compiled-in device cipher parameters:
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loop-AES: aes, Key 256 bits
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plain: aes-cbc-essiv:sha256, Key: 256 bits, Password hashing: ripdemd160
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LUKS1: aes-xts-plain64, Key: 256 bits, LUKS header hashing: sha256, RNG: /dev/urandom
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~~~
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This means that, by default, Qubes inherits these upstream defaults:
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- AES-128 [[1]](https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions)[[2]](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/dm-crypt/Device_encryption)[[3]](https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/issues/238)
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- SHA-256
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- `/dev/urandom`
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- probably an `iter-time` of one second
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If, instead, you'd like to use AES-256, SHA-512, `/dev/random`, and a longer `iter-time`, for example, you can configure encryption manually by following the instructions below.
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## Example: Custom LUKS Configuration
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Boot into the Qubes installer, then press `ctrl`+`alt`+`F2` to get a virtual console.
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1. (Optional) Wipe the disk:
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```
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M status=progress && sync
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```
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2. Create partitions:
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```
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# fdisk /dev/sda
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```
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Follow the steps to create two partitions:
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- ~500MiB-1GiB for `/boot`
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- The rest for `/` (might want to leave some for overprovisioning if it's an SSD)
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4. Create LUKS encrypted volume:
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```
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# cryptsetup -v --hash sha512 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --use-random --iter-time 10000 --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sda2
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```
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5. Open encrypted volume:
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```
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# cryptsetup open /dev/sda2 luks
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```
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6. Create LVM volumes:
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```
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# pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
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# vgcreate qubes_dom0 /dev/mapper/luks
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# lvcreate -n swap -L 10G qubes_dom0
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# lvcreate -T -l +100%FREE qubes_dom0/pool00
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# lvcreate -V1G -T qubes_dom0/pool00 -n root
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# lvextend -L <size_of_pool00> /dev/qubes_dom0/root
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```
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8. Proceed with the installer. You can do that either by pressing `ctrl`+`alt`+`F6`, or by rebooting and restarting the installation.
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At the disk selection screen, select:
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```
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[x] I will configure partitioning.
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[ ] Encrypt my data.
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```
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9. Decrypt your partition. After decrypting you may assign mount points:
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Open the Unknown list and select `qubes_dom0-root`. Check the reformat box to the right and choose `ext4` as a filesystem. Enter `/` into the Mount Point field at the top.
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Repeat the process for `sda1` and `qubes_dom0-swap`. Those should be assigned to `/boot` and `swap` respectively.
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The default file systems are ext4 for `/boot` and `/`, and swap for `swap`.
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When you are finished, the Unknown list should go away, and all three mount points should be assigned. Proceed normally with the installation from there.
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@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ redirect_from:
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc1/
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- /doc/InstallationGuideR3.0rc2/
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- /doc/live-usb/
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- /doc/custom-install/
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- /doc/encryption-config/
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ref: 153
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||||
title: Installation guide
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---
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