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Merge branch 'patch-3' of https://github.com/awokd/qubes-doc into awokd-patch-3
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Andrew David Wong
commit
f3c118234b
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---
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layout: doc
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title: Resize Private Disk Image
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title: Resize Disk Image
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permalink: /doc/resize-disk-image/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/resize-disk-image/
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- /en/doc/resize-root-disk-image/
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- /doc/ResizeDiskImage/
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- /doc/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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- /wiki/ResizeDiskImage/
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- /wiki/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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---
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Resize Private Disk Image
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Resize Disk Image
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-----------------
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There are several disk images which can be easily extended, but pay attention to the overall consumed space of your sparse disk images.
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See also additional information and caveats about [resizing the root disk image](/doc/resize-root-disk-image/).
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There are several disk images which can be easily extended, but pay attention to the overall consumed space of your sparse/thin disk images.
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See also [OS Specific Follow-up Instructions](/doc/resize-disk-image/#os-specific-follow-up-instructions) at the end of this page.
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### Private disk image (R4.0)
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### Template disk image (R4.0)
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1048576 MiB is the maximum size which can be assigned to private storage through Qube Manager.
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If you want install a lot of software in your TemplateVM, you may need to increase the amount of disk space your TemplateVM can use.
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*Make sure changes in the TemplateVM between reboots don't exceed 10G.*
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To grow the private disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, `qvm-volume` can be used:
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1. Resize the *root image* using Qubes version specific procedure below.
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2. Start the template.
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3. Resize the filesystem using OS appropriate tools (Qubes will handle this automatically under Linux).
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4. Verify available space in the template using `df -h` or OS specific tools.
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5. Shutdown the template.
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### Template disk image (R3.2)
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If you want install a lot of software in your TemplateVM, you may need to increase the amount of disk space your TemplateVM can use.
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*Make sure changes in the TemplateVM between reboots don't exceed 10G.*
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1. Make sure that all the VMs based on this template are shut down (including netvms etc).
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2. Resize the *root image* using Qubes version specific procedure below.
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3. If any netvm/proxyvm used by this template is based on it, set template's netvm to none.
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4. Start the template.
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5. Resize the filesystem using OS appropriate tools (Linux is `sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/dmroot`).
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6. Verify available space in the template using `df -h` or OS specific tools.
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7. Shutdown the template.
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8. Restore original netvm setting (if changed), and check firewall settings (setting netvm to none causes the firewall to reset to "block all")
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### Expand disk image (R4.0)
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1048576 MiB is the maximum size which can be assigned to storage through Qube Manager.
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To grow the root or private disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, `qvm-volume` can be used:
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~~~
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:root <size>
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~~~
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OR
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~~~
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:private <size>
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~~~
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, ...), not the size to add to the existing disk.
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### Private disk image (R3.2)
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### Expand disk image (R3.2)
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1048576 MB is the maximum size which can be assigned to private storage through Qubes Manager.
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1048576 MB is the maximum size which can be assigned to storage through Qubes Manager.
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To grow the private disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, [qvm-grow-private](/doc/dom0-tools/qvm-grow-private/) can be used:
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To grow the private disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, `qvm-grow-root` or [qvm-grow-private](/doc/dom0-tools/qvm-grow-private/) can be used:
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~~~
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qvm-grow-root <vm-name> <size>
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~~~
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OR
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~~~
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qvm-grow-private <vm-name> <size>
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~~~
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, ...), not the size to add to the existing disk.
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### Shrinking private disk image (Linux VM, R4.0)
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### Resize a StandaloneVM Root Image
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For more flexibility, you may also turn your TemplateVM into a StandaloneVM.
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Doing this means it will have its own root filesystem *(StandaloneVMs use a copy of the template, instead of smart sharing)*.
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To do this run `qvm-create --standalone` from `dom0` console, then perform the [OS Specific Follow-up Instructions](/doc/resize-disk-image/#os-specific-follow-up-instructions) below.
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### Shrinking a disk image
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Ext4 and most other filesystems do not support online shrinking, so it can't be done as conveniently as growing the image.
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Note that we don't want to touch the VM filesystem directly in dom0 for security reasons.
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1. Create a new qube with smaller disk using Qube Manager or `qvm-create`
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2. Move data to the new qube using `qvm-copy` or OS utilities
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2. Move data to the new qube using `qvm-copy`, backup & restore, or OS utilities
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3. Delete old qube using Qube Manager or `qvm-remove`
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### Shrinking private disk image (Linux VM, R3.2)
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**This operation is dangerous and this is why it isn't available in standard Qubes tools.
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If you have enough disk space, it is safer to create a new VM with a smaller disk and move the data.**
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The basic idea is to:
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1. Shrink filesystem on the private disk image.
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2. Then shrink the image.
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Ext4 does not support online shrinking, so it can't be done as conveniently as growing the image.
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Note that we don't want to touch the VM filesystem directly in dom0 for security reasons.
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First you need to start VM without `/rw` mounted.
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One possibility is to interrupt its normal startup by adding the `rd.break` kernel option:
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~~~
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qvm-prefs -s <vm-name> kernelopts rd.break
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qvm-start --no-guid <vm-name>
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~~~
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And wait for qrexec connect timeout (or simply press Ctrl-C).
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Then you can connect to VM console and shrink the filesystem:
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~~~
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sudo xl console <vm-name>
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# you should get dracut emergency shell here
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mount --bind /dev /sysroot/dev
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chroot /sysroot
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mount /proc
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e2fsck -f /dev/xvdb
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resize2fs /dev/xvdb <new-desired-size>
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umount /proc
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exit
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umount /sysroot/dev
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poweroff
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~~~
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Now you can resize the image:
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~~~
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truncate -s <new-desired-size> /var/lib/qubes/appvms/<vm-name>/private.img
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~~~
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**It is critical to use the same (or bigger for some safety margin) size in truncate call compared to resize2fs call.
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Otherwise you will lose your data!**
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Then reset kernel options back to default:
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~~~
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qvm-prefs -s <vm-name> kernelopts default
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~~~
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Done.
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>In order to avoid error, you might want to first reduce the filesystem to a smaller size than desired (say 3G), then truncate the image to the target size (for example 4G), and lastly grow the filesystem to the target size.
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>In order to do this, after the `truncate` step, start the vm again in maintenance mode and use the following command to extend the filesystem to the correct size : `resize2fs /dev/xvdb`.
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>
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>With no argument, resize2fs grows the filesystem to match the underlying block device (the .img file you just shrunk).
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OS Specific Follow-up Instructions
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-----------------
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After resizing volumes, the partition table and file-system may need to be adjusted.
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After expanding volumes, the partition table and file-system may need to be adjusted.
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Use tools appropriate to the OS in your qube.
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Brief instructions for Windows 7, FreeBSD, and Linux are provided below.
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@ -131,6 +117,6 @@ zpool online -e poolname ada0
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#### Linux
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Qubes will automatically grow the filesystem for you on AppVMs but not HVMs.
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Qubes will automatically grow the filesystem for you on AppVMs but not HVMs (or Template root images on R3.2).
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You will see that there is unallocated free space at the end of your primary disk.
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You can use standard linux tools like fdisk and mkfs to make this space available.
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You can use standard linux tools like `fdisk` and `resize2fs` to make this space available.
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@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
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---
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layout: doc
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title: Resize Root Disk Image
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permalink: /doc/resize-root-disk-image/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/resize-root-disk-image/
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- /doc/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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- /wiki/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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---
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Resize Root Disk Image
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----------------------
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See additional information and caveats about [resizing private disk images](/doc/resize-disk-image/), paying particular attention to "OS Specific Follow-up Instructions" at the end.
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### Template disk image
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If you want install a lot of software in your TemplateVM, you may need to increase the amount of disk space your TemplateVM can use.
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*Make sure changes in the TemplateVM between reboots don't exceed 10G.*
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1. Make sure that all the VMs based on this template are shut down (including netvms etc).
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2. Resize root image using Qubes version specific procedure below.
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3. If any netvm/proxyvm used by this template is based on it, set template's netvm to none.
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4. Start the template.
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5. Resize the filesystem using OS appropriate tools (Qubes will handle this automatically with Linux templates).
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6. Verify available space in the template using `df -h` or OS specific tools.
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7. Shutdown the template.
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8. Restore original netvm setting (if changed), check firewall settings (setting netvm to none causes the firewall to reset to "block all")
|
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|
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### Root disk image (R4.0)
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1048576 MiB is the maximum size which can be assigned to root storage through Qube Manager.
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To grow the root disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, `qvm-volume` can be used:
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~~~
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:root <size>
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~~~
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, ...), not the size to add to the existing disk.
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### Root disk image (R3.2)
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1048576 MB is the maximum size which can be assigned to root storage through Qubes Manager.
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To grow the root disk image of an AppVM beyond this limit, `qvm-grow-root` can be used:
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~~~
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qvm-grow-root <vm-name> <size>
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~~~
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, ...), not the size to add to the existing disk.
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### Resize a StandaloneVM Root Image (R3.2)
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Another way to increase the size of `root.img` is to turn your TemplateVM into a StandaloneVM.
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Doing this means it will have it's own root filesystem *(StandaloneVMs use a copy of template, instead of smart sharing)*.
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To do this run `qvm-create --standalone` from `dom0` console.
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In `dom0` console run the following command (replace the size and path):
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~~~
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truncate -s 20G /var/lib/qubes/appvms/standalonevm/root.img
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~~~
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Then start Terminal for this StandaloneVM and run:
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~~~
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sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/dmroot
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~~~
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Shutdown the StandaloneVM and you will have extended the size of its `root.img`.
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3
doc.md
3
doc.md
@ -124,8 +124,7 @@ Configuration Guides
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* [How to set up a ProxyVM as a VPN Gateway](/doc/vpn/)
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* [Storing AppVMs on Secondary Drives](/doc/secondary-storage/)
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* [Multibooting](/doc/multiboot/)
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* [Resize Private Disk Image](/doc/resize-disk-image/)
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* [Resize Root Disk Image](/doc/resize-root-disk-image/)
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* [Resize Disk Image](/doc/resize-disk-image/)
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* [RPC Policies](/doc/rpc-policy/)
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* [Installing ZFS in Qubes](/doc/zfs/)
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* [Mutt Guide](/doc/mutt/)
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