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Merge tag 'adw_6eea2bf3'

Tag for commit 6eea2bf394

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This commit is contained in:
Dave Smith 2021-07-11 13:35:12 -05:00
commit d4d00ef9d1
188 changed files with 1071 additions and 938 deletions

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@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
# Contributing to `qubes-doc`
Thank you for your interest in contributing to `qubes-doc`, the Qubes OS
Project's dedicated documentation repository! Please take a moment to read our
[Documentation Guidelines](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/doc-guidelines/) before
you begin writing. These guidelines are important to maintaining high quality
documentation, and following them will increase the likelihood that your
contribution will be accepted.
Project's dedicated documentation repository! Please see [how to edit the
documentation](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/) for
detailed contribution instructions.
In addition, please take a moment to read our [documentation style
guide](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/documentation-style-guide/) before
contributing. These guidelines are important to maintaining high standards of
quality, and following them will increase the likelihood that your contribution
will be accepted.

View File

@ -7,5 +7,5 @@ stored as plain text files in this dedicated repository. By cloning and
regularly pulling from this repo, users can maintain their own up-to-date
offline copy of all Qubes documentation rather than relying solely on the Web.
For more information about the documentation, including how to contribute,
please see the [Documentation Guidelines](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/doc-guidelines/).
To contribute, please see [how to edit the
documentation](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/).

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/DevelopmentWorkflow/
- /wiki/DevelopmentWorkflow/
ref: 66
title: Development Workflow
title: Development workflow
---
A workflow for developing Qubes OS+

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/QubesBuilderDetails/
- /wiki/QubesBuilderDetails/
ref: 65
title: Qubes Builder Details
title: Qubes builder details
---
Components Makefile.builder file
@ -50,4 +50,4 @@ Most settings are documented in *builder.conf.default* file, which can be used a
Notes
-----
* For a list of custom TemplateVMs available in QubesBuilder look at [Supported Versions page](/doc/supported-versions/).
* For a list of custom TemplateVMs available in QubesBuilder look at [Supported Versions page](/doc/supported-releases/).

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/QubesBuilder/
- /wiki/QubesBuilder/
ref: 64
title: Qubes Builder
title: Qubes builder
---
**Note: See [ISO building instructions](/doc/qubes-iso-building/) for a streamlined overview on how to use the build system.**

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@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/QubesR3Building/
- /wiki/QubesR3Building/
ref: 63
title: Qubes ISO Building
title: Qubes ISO building
---
Build Environment

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ layout: doc
permalink: /doc/qubes-template-configs/
redirect_to: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-template-configs
ref: 248
title: Qubes Template Configs
title: Qubes template configs
---

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/code-signing/
ref: 51
title: Code Signing
title: Code signing
---
All contributions to the Qubes OS [source code](/doc/source-code/) must be cryptographically signed by the author's PGP key.

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /wiki/CodingStyle/
- /trac/wiki/CodingStyle/
ref: 53
title: Coding Style
title: Coding style
---
Rationale

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/QubesLicensing/
- /wiki/QubesLicensing/
ref: 52
title: Software License
title: Software license
---
Qubes OS is a compilation of software packages, each under its own license. The

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/SourceCode/
- /wiki/SourceCode/
ref: 54
title: Source Code
title: Source code
---
All the Qubes code is kept in Git repositories. We have divided the project into

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@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /en/doc/automated-tests/
- /doc/AutomatedTests/
ref: 45
title: Automated Tests
title: Automated tests
---
## Unit and Integration Tests

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/mount-lvm-image/
ref: 46
title: How to Mount LVM Images
title: How to mount LVM images
---
You want to read your LVM image (e.g., there is a problem where you can't start any VMs except dom0).

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Profiling/
- /wiki/Profiling/
ref: 48
title: Python Profiling
title: Python profiling
---
This is a python profiling primer.

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/safe-remote-ttys/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/safe-remote-ttys/
ref: 49
title: Safe Remote Dom0 Terminals
title: Safe remote dom0 terminals
---
If you do not have working graphics in Dom0, then using a terminal can be quite annoying!

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/TestBench/
- /wiki/TestBench/
ref: 44
title: How to Set Up a Test Bench
title: How to set up a test bench
---
This guide shows how to set up simple test bench that automatically test your code you're about to push. It is written especially for `core3` branch of `core-admin.git` repo, but some ideas are universal.

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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/SystemDoc/VMInterface/
- /wiki/SystemDoc/VMInterface/
ref: 47
title: VM Configuration Interface
title: Qube configuration interface
---
Qubes VM have some settings set by dom0 based on VM settings. There are multiple configuration channels, which includes:

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/WindowsDebugging/
- /wiki/WindowsDebugging/
ref: 50
title: Windows Debugging
title: Windows debugging
---
Debugging Windows code can be tricky in a virtualized environment. The guide below assumes Xen hypervisor and Windows 7 VMs.

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@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/continuous-integration/
title: Continuous integration (CI)
---
This page explains the [continuous integration
(CI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_integration) infrastructure that
the Qubes OS Project uses.
## Website and documentation
The following commands may be useful as a way to interact with our CI
infrastructure on website
([qubesos.github.io](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io)) and
documentation ([qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc)) pull requests
(PRs). Note that special permissions may be required to use some of these
commands. These commands are generally issued by adding a comment to a PR
containing only the command.
- `PipelineRetry`: Attempts to run the entire build pipeline over again. This
can be useful if CI incorrectly uses a stale branch instead of testing the PR
as if it were merged into `master`.
- `TestDeploy`: Deploys a test website, which is a live version of the Qubes
website as if this PR had been merged. This can be useful for previewing a PR
on a live public website. **Note:** You must wait for the site to finish
building before issuing this command, or else it will deploy an empty
website. To find the URL of the test website, look for text similar to "This
branch was successfully deployed" and a button named something like "View
deployment." Note that there are two different testing sites: `wwwtest` is
manually updated, whereas `wwwpreview` is managed by the `TestDeploy`
command.

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/DevelBooks/
- /wiki/DevelBooks/
ref: 32
title: Developer Books
title: Developer books
---
Below is a list of various books that might be useful in learning some basics needed for Qubes development.

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@ -1,662 +0,0 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/doc-guidelines/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/doc-guidelines/
- /wiki/DocStyle/
- /doc/DocStyle/
ref: 30
title: Documentation Guidelines
---
All Qubes OS documentation pages are stored as plain text files in the
dedicated [qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) repository. By
cloning and regularly pulling from this repo, users can maintain their own
up-to-date offline copy of all Qubes documentation rather than relying solely
on the web.
The documentation is a community effort. Volunteers work hard trying to keep
everything accurate and comprehensive. If you notice a problem or some way it
can be improved, please [edit the documentation](#how-to-contribute)!
## Security
*Also see: [Should I trust this website?](/faq/#should-i-trust-this-website)*
All pull requests (PRs) against
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) must pass review prior to be
merged, except in the case of [external
documentation](/doc/#external-documentation) (see
[#4693](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4693)). This process is
designed to ensure that contributed text is accurate and non-malicious. This
process is a best effort that should provide a reasonable degree of assurance,
but it is not foolproof. For example, all text characters are checked for ANSI
escape sequences. However, binaries, such as images, are simply checked to
ensure they appear or function the way they should when the website is
rendered. They are not further analyzed in an attempt to determine whether they
are malicious.
Once a pull request passes review, the reviewer should add a signed comment
stating, "Passed review as of `<latest_commit>`" (or similar). The
documentation maintainer then verifies that the pull request is mechanically
sound (no merge conflicts, broken links, ANSI escapes, etc.). If so, the
documentation maintainer then merges the pull request, adds a PGP-signed tag to
the latest commit (usually the merge commit), then pushes to the remote. In
cases in which another reviewer is not required, the documentation maintainer
may review the pull request (in which case no signed comment is necessary,
since it would be redundant with the signed tag).
## Questions, problems, and improvements
If you have a question about something you read in the documentation, please
send it to the appropriate [mailing list](/support/). If you see that something
in the documentation should be fixed or improved, please
[contribute](#how-to-contribute) the change yourself. To report an issue with
the documentation, please follow our standard [issue reporting
guidelines](/doc/issue-tracking/). (If you report an issue with the
documentation, you will likely be asked to address it, unless there is a clear
indication in your report that you are not willing or able to do so.)
## How to contribute
Editing the documentation is easy, so if you see that a change should be made,
please contribute it!
A few notes before we get started:
- Since Qubes is a security-oriented project, every documentation change will
be [reviewed](#security) before it's accepted. This allows us to maintain
quality control and protect our users.
- We don't want you to spend time and effort on a contribution that we can't
accept. If your contribution would take a lot of time, please [file an
issue](/doc/issue-tracking/) for it first so that we can make sure we're on
the same page before significant works begins.
- Alternatively, you may already have written content that doesn't conform to
these guidelines, but you'd be willing to modify it so that it does. In this
case, you can still submit it by following the instructions below. Just make
a note in your pull request (PR) that you're aware of the changes that need
to be made and that you're just asking for the content to be reviewed before
you spend time making those changes.
- Finally, if you've written something that doesn't belong in qubes-doc but that
would be beneficial to the Qubes community, please consider adding it to the
[external documentation](/doc/doc-guidelines/#core-vs-external-documentation).
As mentioned above, we keep all the documentation in a dedicated [Git
repository](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) hosted on
[GitHub](https://github.com/). Thanks to GitHub's interface, you can edit the
documentation even if you don't know Git at all! The only thing you need is a
GitHub account, which is free.
(**Note:** If you're already familiar with GitHub or wish to work from the
command line, you can skip the rest of this section. All you need to do to
contribute is to [fork and
clone](https://guides.github.com/activities/forking/) the
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) repo, make your changes, then
[submit a pull
request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/).)
Ok, let's start. Every documentation page has a "Page Source on GitHub" button.
Depending on the size of your screen, it may either be on the side (larger
screens) or on the bottom (smaller screens).
[![page-source-button](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_01_page-source-button.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_01_page-source-button.png)
When you click on it, you'll be taken to the source file --- usually a Markdown
(`.md`) file --- on GitHub. On this page, there will be a button to edit the
file.
[![github-edit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_02_github-edit.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_02_github-edit.png)
You'll be prompted to sign in with your GitHub username and password
(if you aren't already logged in). You can also create a free account from here.
[![github-sign-in](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_03_sign-in.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_03_sign-in.png)
If this is your first contribution to the documentation, you need to "fork" the
repository (make your own copy). It's easy --- just click the big green button
on the next page. This step is only needed the first time you make a
contribution.
[![fork](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_04_fork.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_04_fork.png)
Now you can make your modifications. You can also preview the changes to see
how they'll be formatted by clicking the "Preview changes" tab. If you want to
add images, please see [How to add images](#how-to-add-images). If you're
making formatting changes, please [render the site
locally](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io#instructions) to verify
that everything looks correct before submitting any changes.
[![edit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_05_edit.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_05_edit.png)
Once you're finished, describe your changes at the bottom and click "Propose
file change".
[![commit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_06_commit-msg.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_06_commit-msg.png)
After that, you'll see exactly what modifications you've made. At this stage,
those changes are still in your own copy of the documentation ("fork"). If
everything looks good, send those changes to us by pressing the "Create pull
request" button.
[![pull-request](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_07_review-changes.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_07_review-changes.png)
You will be able to adjust the pull request message and title there. In most
cases, the defaults are ok, so you can just confirm by pressing the "Create
pull request" button again. However, if you're not ready for your PR to be
reviewed or merged yet, please [make a draft PR
instead](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/).
[![pull-request-confirm](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_08_create-pull-request.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_08_create-pull-request.png)
If any of your changes should be reflected in the [documentation index (a.k.a.
table of contents)](/doc/) --- for example, if you're adding a new page,
changing the title of an existing page, or removing a page --- please see [How
to edit the documentation index](#how-to-edit-the-documentation-index).
That's all! We will review your changes. If everything looks good, we'll pull
them into the official documentation. Otherwise, we may have some questions for
you, which we'll post in a comment on your pull request. (GitHub will
automatically notify you if we do.) If, for some reason, we can't accept your
pull request, we'll post a comment explaining why we can't.
[![done](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_09_done.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_09_done.png)
### How to edit the documentation index
The source file for the [documentation index (a.k.a. table of contents)](/doc/)
lives here:
<https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io/blob/master/_data/doc-index.yml>
Editing this file will change what appears on the documentation index. If your
pull request (PR) adds, removes, or edits anything that should be reflected in
the documentation index, please make sure you also submit an associated pull
request against this file.
### How to add images
To add an image to a page, use the following syntax in the main document. This
will make the image a hyperlink to the image file, allowing the reader to click
on the image in order to view the image by itself.
```
[![Image Title](/attachment/doc/image.png)](/attachment/doc/image.png)
```
Then, submit your image(s) in a separate pull request to the
[qubes-attachment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-attachment) repository
using the same path and filename. This is the only permitted way to include
images. Do not link to images on other websites.
## Organizational guidelines
### Do not duplicate documentation
Duplicating documentation is almost always a bad idea. There are many reasons
for this. The main one is that almost all documentation has to be updated as
some point. When similar documentation appears in more than one place, it is
very easy for it to get updated in one place but not the others (perhaps
because the person updating it doesn't realize it's in more than once place).
When this happens, the documentation as a whole is now inconsistent, and the
outdated documentation becomes a trap, especially for novice users. Such traps
are often more harmful than if the documentation never existed in the first
place. The solution is to **link** to existing documentation rather than
duplicating it. There are some exceptions to this policy (e.g., information
that is certain not to change for a very long time), but they are rare.
### Core vs. external documentation
Core documentation resides in the [Qubes OS Project's official
repositories](https://github.com/QubesOS/), mainly in
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc). External documentation can
be anywhere else (such as forums, community websites, and blogs), but there is
an especially large collection in the [Qubes
Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community) project. External documentation
should not be submitted to [qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc).
If you've written a piece of documentation that is not appropriate for
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc), we encourage you to submit
it to the [Qubes Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community) project
instead. However, *linking* to external documentation from
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) is perfectly fine. Indeed,
the maintainers of the [Qubes Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community)
project should regularly submit PRs against the documentation index (see [How
to edit the documentation index](#how-to-edit-the-documentation-index)) to add
and update Qubes Community links in the "External Documentation" section of the
documentation table of contents.
The main difference between **core** (or **official**) and **external** (or
**community** or **unofficial**) documentation is whether it documents software
that is officially written and maintained by the Qubes OS Project. The purpose
of this distinction is to keep the core docs maintainable and high-quality by
limiting them to the software output by the Qubes OS Project. In other words,
we take responsibility for documenting all of the software we put out into the
world, but it doesn't make sense for us to take on the responsibility of
documenting or maintaining documentation for anything else. For example, Qubes
OS may use a popular Linux distribution for an official
[TemplateVM](/doc/templates/). However, it would not make sense for a
comparatively small project like ours, with modest funding and a lean
workforce, to attempt to document software belonging to a large, richly-funded
project with an army of paid and volunteer contributors, especially when they
probably already have documentation of their own. This is particularly true
when it comes to Linux in general. Although many users who are new to Qubes are
also new to Linux, it makes absolutely no sense for our comparatively tiny
project to try to document Linux in general when there is already a plethora of
documentation out there.
Many contributors do not realize that there is a significant amount of work
involved in *maintaining* documentation after it has been written. They may
wish to write documentation and submit it to the core docs, but they see only
their own writing process and fail to consider that it will have to be kept
up-to-date and consistent with the rest of the docs for years afterward.
Submissions to the core docs also have to go through a review process to ensure
accuracy before being merged (see [security](#security)), which takes up
valuable time from the team. We aim to maintain high quality standards for the
core docs (style and mechanics, formatting), which also takes up a lot of time.
If the documentation involves anything external to the Qubes OS Project (such
as a website, platform, program, protocol, framework, practice, or even a
reference to a version number), the documentation is likely to become outdated
when that external thing changes. It's also important to periodically review
and update this documentation, especially when a new Qubes release comes out.
Periodically, there may be technical or policy changes that affect all the core
documentation. The more documentation there is relative to maintainers, the
harder all of this will be. Since there are many more people who are willing to
write documentation than to maintain it, these individually small incremental
additions amount to a significant maintenance burden for the project.
On the positive side, we consider the existence of community documentation to
be a sign of a healthy ecosystem, and this is quite common in the software
world. The community is better positioned to write and maintain documentation
that applies, combines, and simplifies the official documentation, e.g.,
tutorials that explain how to install and use various programs in Qubes, how to
create custom VM setups, and introductory tutorials that teach basic Linux
concepts and commands in the context of Qubes. In addition, just because the
Qubes OS Project has officially written and maintains some flexible framework,
such as `qrexec`, it does not make sense to include every tutorial that says
"here's how to do something cool with `qrexec`" in the core docs. Such
tutorials generally also belong in the community documentation.
See [#4693](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4693) for more
background information.
### Version-specific documentation
*See [#5308](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/5308) for potential
changes to this policy.*
We maintain only one set of documentation for Qubes OS. We do not maintain a
different set of documentation for each version of Qubes. Our single set of
Qubes OS documentation is updated on a continual, rolling basis. Our first
priority is to document all **current, stable releases** of Qubes. Our second
priority is to document the next, upcoming release (if any) that is currently
in the beta or release candidate stage.
In cases where a documentation page covers functionality that differs
considerably between Qubes OS versions, the page should be subdivided into
clearly-labeled sections that cover the different functionality in different
versions:
#### Incorrect Example
```
# Page Title #
## How to Foo ##
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
To foo in Qubes 3.2:
$ qvm-foo <foo-bar>
Note that this does not work in Qubes 4.0, where there is a special widget
for fooing, which you can find in the lower-right corner of the screen in
the Foo Manager. Alternatively, you can use the more general `qubes-baz`
command introduced in 4.0:
$ qubes-baz --foo <bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
```
#### Correct Example
```
# Page Title #
## Qubes 3.2 ##
### How to Foo ###
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
To foo:
$ qvm-foo <foo-bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
## Qubes 4.0 ##
### How to Foo ###
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
There is a special widget for fooing, which you can find in the lower-right
corner of the screen in the Foo Manager. Alternatively, you can use the
general `qubes-baz` command:
$ qubes-baz --foo <bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
```
Subdividing the page into clearly-labeled sections for each version has several
benefits:
- It preserves good content for older (but still supported) versions. Many
documentation contributors are also people who prefer to use the latest
version. Many of them are tempted to *replace* existing content that applies
to an older, supported version with content that applies only to the latest
version. This is somewhat understandable. Since they only use the latest
version, they may be focused on their own experience, and they may even
regard the older version as deprecated, even when it's actually still
supported. However, allowing this replacement of content would do a great
disservice to those who still rely on the older, supported version. In many
cases, these users value the stability and reliability of the older,
supported version. With the older, supported version, there has been more
time to fix bugs and make improvements in both the software and the
documentation. Consequently, much of the documentation content for this
version may have gone through several rounds of editing, review, and
revision. It would be a tragedy for this content to vanish while the very set
of users who most prize stability and reliability are depending on it.
- It's easy for readers to quickly find the information they're looking for,
since they can go directly to the section that applies to their version.
- It's hard for readers to miss information they need, since it's all in one
place. In the incorrect example, information that the reader needs could be
in any paragraph in the entire document, and there's no way to tell without
reading the entire page. In the correct example, the reader can simply skim
the headings in order to know which parts of the page need to be read and
which can be safely ignored. The fact that some content is repeated in the
two version-specific sections is not a problem, since no reader has to read
the same thing twice. Moreover, as one version gets updated, it's likely that
the documentation for that version will also be updated. Therefore, content
that is initially duplicated between version-specific sections will not
necessarily stay that way, and this is a good thing: We want the
documentation for a version that *doesn't* change to stay the same, and we
want the documentation for a version that *does* change to change along with
the software.
- It's easy for documentation contributors and maintainers to know which file
to edit and update, since there's only one page for all Qubes OS versions.
Initially creating the new headings and duplicating content that applies to
both is only a one-time cost for each page, and many pages don't even require
this treatment, since they apply to all currently-supported Qubes OS
versions.
By contrast, an alternative approach, such as segregating the documentation
into two different branches, would mean that contributions that apply to both
Qubes versions would only end up in one branch, unless someone remembered to
manually submit the same thing to the other branch and actually made the effort
to do so. Most of the time, this wouldn't happen. When it did, it would mean a
second pull request that would have to be reviewed. Over time, the different
branches would diverge in non-version-specific content. Good general content
that was submitted only to one branch would effectively disappear once that
version was deprecated. (Even if it were still on the website, no one would
look at it, since it would explicitly be in the subdirectory of a deprecated
version, and there would be a motivation to remove it from the website so that
search results wouldn't be populated with out-of-date information.)
For further discussion about version-specific documentation in Qubes, see
[here](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/H9BZX4K9Ptk/discussion).
## Style guidelines
### Correct use of terminology
Familiarize yourself with the terms defined in the [glossary](/doc/glossary/).
Use these terms consistently and accurately throughout your writing.
### Variables in commands
Syntactically distinguish variables in commands. For example, this is
ambiguous:
$ qvm-run --dispvm=disposable-template --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
It should instead be:
$ qvm-run --dispvm=<DISPOSABLE_TEMPLATE> --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
Note that we syntactically distinguish variables in three ways:
1. Surrounding them in angled brackets (`< >`)
2. Using underscores (`_`) instead of spaces between words
3. Using all capital letters
We have observed that many novices make the mistake of typing the surrounding
angled brackets (`< >`) on the command line, even after substituting the
desired real value between them. Therefore, in documentation aimed at novices,
we also recommend clarifying that the angled brackets should not be typed. This
can be accomplished in one of several ways:
- Explicitly say something like "without the angled brackets."
- Provide an example command using real values that excludes the angled
brackets.
- If you know that almost all users will want to use (or should use) a specific
command containing all real values and no variables, you might consider
providing exactly that command and forgoing the version with variables.
Novices may not realize which parts of the command they can substitute with
different values, but if you've correctly judged that they should use the
command you've provided as is, then this shouldn't matter.
## Markdown conventions
All the documentation is written in Markdown for maximum accessibility. When
making contributions, please observe the following style conventions. If you're
not familiar with Markdown syntax,
[this](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/) is a great resource.
### Indentation
Use spaces instead of tabs. Each indentation step should be exactly two (2)
spaces.
### HTML and CSS
Do not write HTML inside Markdown documents (except in rare, unavoidable cases,
such as alerts). In particular, never include HTML or CSS for styling,
formatting, or white space control. That belongs in the (S)CSS files instead.
### Image linking
Link only to images in
[qubes-attachment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-attachment) (see
[instructions above](#how-to-add-images)). Do not link to images on other
websites.
### Relative vs. absolute links
Always use relative rather than absolute paths for internal website links. For
example, use `/doc/doc-guidelines/` instead of
`https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/doc-guidelines/`. Places where it's fine to use
absolute URLs:
- External links
- URLs that appear inside code blocks (e.g., in comments and document
templates, and the plain text reproductions of [QSBs](/security/qsb/) and
[Canaries](/security/canary/)), since they're not hyperlinks
- Git repo files like `README.md` and `CONTRIBUTING.md`, since they're not part
of the website itself but rather of the auxiliary infrastructure supporting
the website.
This rule is important, because using absolute URLs for internal website links
is known to break the following:
- Serving the website offline
- Website localization
- Generating offline documentation
- Automatically redirecting Tor Browser visitors to the correct page on the
onion service mirror.
### Source formatting and syntax
- Do not use `h1` headings (single `#` or `======` underline). These are
automatically generated from the `title:` line in the YAML frontmatter.
- Use Atx-style headings: , `##h 2`, `### h3`, etc.
- Use non-reference-style links like `[website](https://example.com/)`. Do
*not* use reference links like `[website][example]`, `[website][]` or
`[website]`.
- If appropriate, make numerals in numbered lists match between Markdown source
and HTML output. (Rationale: In the event that a user is required to read the
Markdown source directly, this will make it easier to follow, e.g., numbered
steps in a set of instructions.)
- When writing code blocks, use [syntax
highlighting](https://github.github.com/gfm/#info-string) where
[possible](https://github.com/jneen/rouge/wiki/List-of-supported-languages-and-lexers)
and use `[...]` for anything omitted.
- Use hanging indentations where appropriate.
### Writing command-line examples
When providing command line examples:
- Tell the reader where to open a terminal (dom0 or a specific domU), and show
the command along with its output (if any) in a code block, e.g.:
~~~markdown
Open a terminal in dom0 and run:
```shell_session
$ cd test
$ echo Hello
Hello
```
~~~
- Precede each command with the appropriate command prompt: At a minimum, the
prompt should contain a trailing `#` (for the user `root`) or `$` (for other
users) on Linux systems and `>` on Windows systems, respectively.
- Don't try to add comments inside the code block. For example, *don't* do
this:
~~~markdown
Open a terminal in dom0 and run:
```shell_session
# Navigate to the new directory
$ cd test
# Generate a greeting
$ echo Hello
Hello
```
~~~
The `#` symbol preceding each comment is ambiguous with a root command
prompt. Instead, put your comments *outside* of the code block in normal
prose.
### Line wrapping
Hard wrap Markdown lines at 80 characters, unless the line can't be broken
(e.g., code or a URL).
## Coding conventions
The following conventions apply to the website as a whole, including everything
written in HTML, CSS, YAML, and Liquid. These conventions are intended to keep
the codebase consistent when multiple collaborators are working on it. They
should be understood as a practical set of rules for maintaining order in this
specific codebase rather than as a statement of what is objectively right or
good.
### General practices
- Use comments to indicate the purposes of different blocks of code. This makes
the file easier to understand and navigate.
- Use descriptive variable names. Never use one or two letter variable names.
Avoid obscure abbreviations and made-up words.
- In general, make it easy for others to read your code. Your future self will
thank you, and so will your collaborators!
- [Don't Repeat Yourself
(DRY)!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself) Instead of
repeating the same block of code multiple times, abstract it out into a
separate file and `include` that file where you need it.
### Whitespace
- Always use spaces. Never use tabs.
- Each indentation step should be exactly two (2) spaces.
- Whenever you add an opening tag, indent the following line. (Exception: If
you open and close the tag on the same line, do not indent the following
line.)
- Indent Liquid the same way as HTML.
- In general, the starting columns of every adjacent pair of lines should be no
more than two spaces apart (example below).
- No blank or empty lines. (Hint: When you feel you need one, add a comment on
that line instead.)
#### Indentation example
Here's an example that follows the indentation rules:
{% raw %}
```html
<table>
<tr>
<th title="Anchor Link"><span class="fa fa-link"></span></th>
{% for item in secs.htmlsections[0].columns %}
<th>{{ item.title }}</th>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
{% for canary in site.data.sec-canary reversed %}
<tr id="{{ canary.canary }}">
<td><a href="#{{ canary.canary }}" class="fa fa-link black-icon" title="Anchor link to Qubes Canary row: Qubes Canary #{{ canary.canary }}"></a></td>
<td>{{ canary.date }}</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/master/canaries/canary-{{ canary.canary }}-{{ canary.date | date: '%Y' }}.txt">Qubes Canary #{{ canary.canary }}</a></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
```
{% endraw %}
## Git conventions
Please try to write good commit messages, according to the [instructions in our
coding style guidelines](/doc/coding-style/#commit-message-guidelines).
## Continuous Integration (CI)
The following commands may be useful as a way to interact with our CI
infrastructure. Note that special permissions may be required to use some of
these commands. These commands are generally issued by adding a comment to a
pull request (PR) containing only the command.
- `PipelineRetry`: Attempts to run the entire build pipeline over again. This
can be useful if CI incorrectly uses a stale branch instead of testing the PR
as if it were merged into `master`.
- `TestDeploy`: Deploys a test website, which is a live version of the Qubes
website as if this PR had been merged. This can be useful for previewing a PR
on a live public website. **Note:** You must wait for the site to finish
building before issuing this command, or else it will deploy an empty
website. To find the URL of the test website, look for text similar to "This
branch was successfully deployed" and a button named something like "View
deployment." Note that there are two different testing sites: `wwwtest` is
manually updated, whereas `wwwpreview` is managed by the `TestDeploy`
command.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/documentation-style-guide/
redirect_from:
- /doc/doc-guidelines/
- /en/doc/doc-guidelines/
- /wiki/DocStyle/
- /doc/DocStyle/
ref: 30
title: Documentation style guide
---
_Also see [how to edit the documentation](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/)._
Qubes OS documentation pages are stored as plain text Markdown files in the
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) repository. By cloning and
regularly pulling from this repo, users can maintain their own up-to-date
offline copy of all Qubes documentation rather than relying solely on the web.
The documentation is a volunteer community effort. People like you are
constantly working to make it better. If you notice something that can be fixed
or improved, please [edit the
documentation](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/)!
This page explains the standards we follow for writing, formatting, and
organizing the documentation. Please follow these guidelines and conventions
when editing the documentation. For the standards governing the website as a
whole, please see the [website style guide](/doc/website-style-guide).
## Markdown conventions
All the documentation is written in Markdown for maximum accessibility. When
making contributions, please observe the following style conventions. If you're
not familiar with Markdown syntax,
[this](https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/) is a great resource.
### Hyperlink syntax
Use non-reference-style links like `[website](https://example.com/)`. Do *not*
use reference-style links like `[website][example]`, `[website][]` or
`[website]`. This facilitates the localization process.
### Relative vs. absolute links
Always use relative rather than absolute paths for internal website links. For
example, use `/doc/documentation-style-guide/` instead of
`https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/documentation-style-guide/`.
You may use absolute URLs in the following cases:
- External links
- URLs that appear inside code blocks (e.g., in comments and document
templates, and the plain text reproductions of [QSBs](/security/qsb/) and
[Canaries](/security/canary/)), since they're not hyperlinks
- Git repo files like `README.md` and `CONTRIBUTING.md`, since they're not part
of the website itself but rather of the auxiliary infrastructure supporting
the website
This rule is important because using absolute URLs for internal website links
breaks:
- Serving the website offline
- Website localization
- Generating offline documentation
- Automatically redirecting Tor Browser visitors to the correct page on the
onion service mirror
### Image linking
See [how to add images](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/#how-to-add-images)
for the required syntax. This will make the image a hyperlink to the image
file, allowing the reader to click on the image in order to view the full image
by itself. This is important. Following best practices, our website has a
responsive design, which allows the website to render appropriately across all
screen sizes. When viewing this page on a smaller screen, such as on a mobile
device, the image will automatically shrink down to fit the screen. If visitors
cannot click on the image to view it in full size, then, depending on their
device, they may have no way see the details in the image clearly.
In addition, make sure to link only to images in the
[qubes-attachment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-attachment) repository. Do
not attempt to link to images hosted on other websites.
### HTML and CSS
Do not write HTML inside Markdown documents (except in rare, unavoidable cases,
such as alerts). In particular, never include HTML or CSS for styling,
formatting, or white space control. That belongs in the (S)CSS files instead.
### Headings
Do not use `h1` headings (single `#` or `======` underline). These are
automatically generated from the `title:` line in the YAML front matter.
Use Atx-style syntax for headings: `##h2`, `### h3`, etc. Do not use
underlining syntax (`-----`).
### Indentation
Use spaces instead of tabs. Use hanging indentations where appropriate.
### Lists
If appropriate, make numerals in numbered lists match between Markdown source
and HTML output. Some users read the Markdown source directly, and this makes
numbered lists easier to follow.
### Code blocks
When writing code blocks, use [syntax
highlighting](https://github.github.com/gfm/#info-string) where possible (see
[here](https://github.com/jneen/rouge/wiki/List-of-supported-languages-and-lexers)
for a list of supported languages). Use `[...]` for anything omitted.
### Line wrapping
Hard wrap Markdown lines at 80 characters, unless the line can't be broken
(e.g., code or a URL).
## Writing guidelines
### Correct use of terminology
Familiarize yourself with the terms defined in the [glossary](/doc/glossary/).
Use these terms consistently and accurately throughout your writing.
### Sentence case in headings
Use sentence case (rather than title case) in headings for the reasons
explained
[here](https://www.sallybagshaw.com.au/articles/sentence-case-v-title-case/).
In particular, since the authorship of the Qubes documentation is decentralized
and widely distributed among users from around the world, many contributors
come from regions with different conventions for implementing title case, not
to mention that there are often differing style guide recommendations even
within a single region. It is much easier for all of us to implement sentence
case consistently across our growing body of pages, which is very important for
managing the ongoing maintenance burden and sustainability of the
documentation.
### Writing command-line examples
When providing command-line examples:
- Tell the reader where to open a terminal (dom0 or a specific domU), and show
the command along with its output (if any) in a code block, e.g.:
~~~markdown
Open a terminal in dom0 and run:
```shell_session
$ cd test
$ echo Hello
Hello
```
~~~
- Precede each command with the appropriate command prompt: At a minimum, the
prompt should contain a trailing `#` (for the user `root`) or `$` (for other
users) on Linux systems and `>` on Windows systems, respectively.
- Don't try to add comments inside the code block. For example, *don't* do
this:
~~~markdown
Open a terminal in dom0 and run:
```shell_session
# Navigate to the new directory
$ cd test
# Generate a greeting
$ echo Hello
Hello
```
~~~
The `#` symbol preceding each comment is ambiguous with a root command
prompt. Instead, put your comments *outside* of the code block in normal
prose.
### Variable names in commands
Syntactically distinguish variables in commands. For example, this is
ambiguous:
$ qvm-run --dispvm=disposable-template --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
It should instead be:
$ qvm-run --dispvm=<DISPOSABLE_TEMPLATE> --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
Note that we syntactically distinguish variables in three ways:
1. Surrounding them in angled brackets (`< >`)
2. Using underscores (`_`) instead of spaces between words
3. Using all capital letters
We have observed that many novices make the mistake of typing the surrounding
angled brackets (`< >`) on the command line, even after substituting the
desired real value between them. Therefore, in documentation aimed at novices,
we also recommend clarifying that the angled brackets should not be typed. This
can be accomplished in one of several ways:
- Explicitly say something like "without the angled brackets."
- Provide an example command using real values that excludes the angled
brackets.
- If you know that almost all users will want to use (or should use) a specific
command containing all real values and no variables, you might consider
providing exactly that command and forgoing the version with variables.
Novices may not realize which parts of the command they can substitute with
different values, but if you've correctly judged that they should use the
command you've provided as is, then this shouldn't matter.
## Organizational guidelines
### Do not duplicate documentation
Duplicating documentation is almost always a bad idea. There are many reasons
for this. The main one is that almost all documentation has to be updated as
some point. When similar documentation appears in more than one place, it is
very easy for it to get updated in one place but not the others (perhaps
because the person updating it doesn't realize it's in more than once place).
When this happens, the documentation as a whole is now inconsistent, and the
outdated documentation becomes a trap, especially for novice users. Such traps
are often more harmful than if the documentation never existed in the first
place. The solution is to **link** to existing documentation rather than
duplicating it. There are some exceptions to this policy (e.g., information
that is certain not to change for a very long time), but they are rare.
### Core vs. external documentation
Core documentation resides in the [Qubes OS Project's official
repositories](https://github.com/QubesOS/), mainly in
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc). External documentation can
be anywhere else (such as forums, community websites, and blogs), but there is
an especially large collection in the [Qubes
Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community) project. External documentation
should not be submitted to [qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc).
If you've written a piece of documentation that is not appropriate for
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc), we encourage you to submit
it to the [Qubes Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community) project
instead. However, *linking* to external documentation from
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) is perfectly fine. Indeed,
the maintainers of the [Qubes Community](https://github.com/Qubes-Community)
project should regularly submit PRs against the documentation index (see [How
to edit the documentation
index](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/#how-to-edit-the-documentation-index))
to add and update Qubes Community links in the "External Documentation" section
of the documentation table of contents.
The main difference between **core** (or **official**) and **external** (or
**community** or **unofficial**) documentation is whether it documents software
that is officially written and maintained by the Qubes OS Project. The purpose
of this distinction is to keep the core docs maintainable and high-quality by
limiting them to the software output by the Qubes OS Project. In other words,
we take responsibility for documenting all of the software we put out into the
world, but it doesn't make sense for us to take on the responsibility of
documenting or maintaining documentation for anything else. For example, Qubes
OS may use a popular Linux distribution for an official
[TemplateVM](/doc/templates/). However, it would not make sense for a
comparatively small project like ours, with modest funding and a lean
workforce, to attempt to document software belonging to a large, richly-funded
project with an army of paid and volunteer contributors, especially when they
probably already have documentation of their own. This is particularly true
when it comes to Linux in general. Although many users who are new to Qubes are
also new to Linux, it makes absolutely no sense for our comparatively tiny
project to try to document Linux in general when there is already a plethora of
documentation out there.
Many contributors do not realize that there is a significant amount of work
involved in *maintaining* documentation after it has been written. They may
wish to write documentation and submit it to the core docs, but they see only
their own writing process and fail to consider that it will have to be kept
up-to-date and consistent with the rest of the docs for years afterward.
Submissions to the core docs also have to [undergo a review
process](/doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation#security) to ensure accuracy before
being merged, which takes up valuable time from the team. We aim to maintain
high quality standards for the core docs (style and mechanics, formatting),
which also takes up a lot of time. If the documentation involves anything
external to the Qubes OS Project (such as a website, platform, program,
protocol, framework, practice, or even a reference to a version number), the
documentation is likely to become outdated when that external thing changes.
It's also important to periodically review and update this documentation,
especially when a new Qubes release comes out. Periodically, there may be
technical or policy changes that affect all the core documentation. The more
documentation there is relative to maintainers, the harder all of this will be.
Since there are many more people who are willing to write documentation than to
maintain it, these individually small incremental additions amount to a
significant maintenance burden for the project.
On the positive side, we consider the existence of community documentation to
be a sign of a healthy ecosystem, and this is quite common in the software
world. The community is better positioned to write and maintain documentation
that applies, combines, and simplifies the official documentation, e.g.,
tutorials that explain how to install and use various programs in Qubes, how to
create custom VM setups, and introductory tutorials that teach basic Linux
concepts and commands in the context of Qubes. In addition, just because the
Qubes OS Project has officially written and maintains some flexible framework,
such as `qrexec`, it does not make sense to include every tutorial that says
"here's how to do something cool with `qrexec`" in the core docs. Such
tutorials generally also belong in the community documentation.
See [#4693](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4693) for more
background information.
### Release-specific documentation
*See [#5308](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/5308) for pending
changes to this policy.*
We maintain only one set of documentation for Qubes OS. We do not maintain a
different set of documentation for each release of Qubes. Our single set of
Qubes OS documentation is updated on a continual, rolling basis. Our first
priority is to document all **current, stable releases** of Qubes. Our second
priority is to document the next, upcoming release (if any) that is currently
in the beta or release candidate stage.
In cases where a documentation page covers functionality that differs
considerably between Qubes OS releases, the page should be subdivided into
clearly-labeled sections that cover the different functionality in different
releases:
#### Incorrect Example
```
## How to Foo
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
To foo in Qubes 3.2:
$ qvm-foo <foo-bar>
Note that this does not work in Qubes 4.0, where there is a special widget
for fooing, which you can find in the lower-right corner of the screen in
the Foo Manager. Alternatively, you can use the more general `qubes-baz`
command introduced in 4.0:
$ qubes-baz --foo <bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
```
#### Correct Example
```
## Qubes 3.2
### How to Foo
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
To foo:
$ qvm-foo <foo-bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
## Qubes 4.0
### How to Foo
Fooing is the process by which one foos. There are both general and specific
versions of fooing, which vary in usefulness depending on your goals, but for
the most part, all fooing is fooing.
There is a special widget for fooing, which you can find in the lower-right
corner of the screen in the Foo Manager. Alternatively, you can use the
general `qubes-baz` command:
$ qubes-baz --foo <bar>
Once you foo, make sure to close the baz before fooing the next bar.
```
Subdividing the page into clearly-labeled sections for each release has several
benefits:
- It preserves good content for older (but still supported) releases. Many
documentation contributors are also people who prefer to use the latest
release. Many of them are tempted to *replace* existing content that applies
to an older, supported release with content that applies only to the latest
release. This is somewhat understandable. Since they only use the latest
release, they may be focused on their own experience, and they may even
regard the older release as deprecated, even when it's actually still
supported. However, allowing this replacement of content would do a great
disservice to those who still rely on the older, supported release. In many
cases, these users value the stability and reliability of the older,
supported release. With the older, supported release, there has been more
time to fix bugs and make improvements in both the software and the
documentation. Consequently, much of the documentation content for this
release may have gone through several rounds of editing, review, and
revision. It would be a tragedy for this content to vanish while the very set
of users who most prize stability and reliability are depending on it.
- It's easy for readers to quickly find the information they're looking for,
since they can go directly to the section that applies to their release.
- It's hard for readers to miss information they need, since it's all in one
place. In the incorrect example, information that the reader needs could be
in any paragraph in the entire document, and there's no way to tell without
reading the entire page. In the correct example, the reader can simply skim
the headings in order to know which parts of the page need to be read and
which can be safely ignored. The fact that some content is repeated in the
two release-specific sections is not a problem, since no reader has to read
the same thing twice. Moreover, as one release gets updated, it's likely that
the documentation for that release will also be updated. Therefore, content
that is initially duplicated between release-specific sections will not
necessarily stay that way, and this is a good thing: We want the
documentation for a release that *doesn't* change to stay the same, and we
want the documentation for a release that *does* change to change along with
the software.
- It's easy for documentation contributors and maintainers to know which file
to edit and update, since there's only one page for all Qubes OS releases.
Initially creating the new headings and duplicating content that applies to
both is only a one-time cost for each page, and many pages don't even require
this treatment, since they apply to all currently-supported Qubes OS
releases.
By contrast, an alternative approach, such as segregating the documentation
into two different branches, would mean that contributions that apply to both
Qubes releases would only end up in one branch, unless someone remembered to
manually submit the same thing to the other branch and actually made the effort
to do so. Most of the time, this wouldn't happen. When it did, it would mean a
second pull request that would have to be reviewed. Over time, the different
branches would diverge in non-release-specific content. Good general content
that was submitted only to one branch would effectively disappear once that
release was deprecated. (Even if it were still on the website, no one would
look at it, since it would explicitly be in the subdirectory of a deprecated
release, and there would be a motivation to remove it from the website so that
search results wouldn't be populated with out-of-date information.)
For further discussion about release-specific documentation in Qubes, see
[here](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-users/H9BZX4K9Ptk/discussion).
## Git conventions
Please follow our [Git commit message
guidelines](/doc/coding-style/#commit-message-guidelines).

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /gsoc/
redirect_from:
- /GSoC/
ref: 33
title: Google Summer of Code
title: Google Summer of Code (GSoC)
---
## Information for Students

View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /gsod/
ref: 242
title: Google Season of Docs
title: Google Season of Docs (GSoD)
---
Thank you for your interest in participating in the [2021 Google Season of Docs](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/) program with the [Qubes OS team](/team/). You can read more about the Google Season of Docs in the official [guides](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/docs/) and [FAQ](https://developers.google.com/season-of-docs/docs/faq).

View File

@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/how-to-edit-the-documentation/
title: How to edit the documentation
---
_Also see the [documentation style guide](/doc/documentation-style-guide/)._
Qubes OS documentation pages are stored as plain text Markdown files in the
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) repository. By cloning and
regularly pulling from this repo, users can maintain their own up-to-date
offline copy of all Qubes documentation rather than relying solely on the web.
The documentation is a volunteer community effort. People like you are
constantly working to make it better. If you notice something that can be fixed
or improved, please follow the steps below to open a pull request!
## How to submit a pull request
We keep all the documentation in
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc), a dedicated Git repository
hosted on [GitHub](https://github.com/). Thanks to GitHub's easy web interface,
you can edit the documentation even if you're not familiar with Git or the
command line! All you need is a free GitHub account.
A few notes before we get started:
- Since Qubes is a security-oriented project, every documentation change will
be [reviewed](#security) before it's accepted. This allows us to maintain
quality control and protect our users.
- To give your contribution a better chance of being accepted, please follow
our [documentation style guide](/doc/documentation-style-guide/).
- We don't want you to spend time and effort on a contribution that we can't
accept. If your contribution would take a lot of time, please [file an
issue](/doc/issue-tracking/) for it first so that we can make sure we're on
the same page before significant works begins.
- Alternatively, you may already have written content that doesn't conform to
these guidelines, but you'd be willing to modify it so that it does. In this
case, you can still submit it by following the instructions below. Just make
a note in your pull request (PR) that you're aware of the changes that need
to be made and that you're just asking for the content to be reviewed before
you spend time making those changes.
- Finally, if you've written something that doesn't belong in qubes-doc but
that would be beneficial to the Qubes community, please consider adding it to
the [external
documentation](/doc/documentation-style-guide/#core-vs-external-documentation).
(**Advanced users:** If you're already familiar with GitHub or wish to work
from the command line, you can skip the rest of this section. All you need to
do to contribute is to [fork and
clone](https://guides.github.com/activities/forking/) the
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) repo, make your changes, then
[submit a pull
request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/).)
Ok, let's begin. Every documentation page has a "Page Source on GitHub" button.
Depending on the size of your screen, it may either be on the side (larger
screens) or on the bottom (smaller screens).
[![page-source-button](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_01_page-source-button.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_01_page-source-button.png)
When you click on it, you'll be taken to the source file --- usually a Markdown
(`.md`) file --- on GitHub. On this page, there will be a button to edit the
file.
[![github-edit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_02_github-edit.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_02_github-edit.png)
You'll be prompted to sign in with your GitHub username and password
(if you aren't already logged in). You can also create a free account from here.
[![github-sign-in](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_03_sign-in.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_03_sign-in.png)
If this is your first contribution to the documentation, you need to "fork" the
repository (make your own copy). It's easy --- just click the big green button
on the next page. This step is only needed the first time you make a
contribution.
[![fork](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_04_fork.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_04_fork.png)
Now you can make your modifications. You can also preview the changes to see
how they'll be formatted by clicking the "Preview changes" tab. If you want to
add images, please see [How to add images](#how-to-add-images). If you're
making formatting changes, please [render the site
locally](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io#instructions) to verify
that everything looks correct before submitting any changes.
[![edit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_05_edit.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_05_edit.png)
Once you're finished, describe your changes at the bottom and click "Propose
file change".
[![commit](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_06_commit-msg.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_06_commit-msg.png)
After that, you'll see exactly what modifications you've made. At this stage,
those changes are still in your own copy of the documentation ("fork"). If
everything looks good, send those changes to us by pressing the "Create pull
request" button.
[![pull-request](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_07_review-changes.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_07_review-changes.png)
You will be able to adjust the pull request message and title there. In most
cases, the defaults are ok, so you can just confirm by pressing the "Create
pull request" button again. However, if you're not ready for your PR to be
reviewed or merged yet, please [make a draft PR
instead](https://github.blog/2019-02-14-introducing-draft-pull-requests/).
[![pull-request-confirm](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_08_create-pull-request.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_08_create-pull-request.png)
If any of your changes should be reflected in the [documentation index (a.k.a.
table of contents)](/doc/) --- for example, if you're adding a new page,
changing the title of an existing page, or removing a page --- please see [How
to edit the documentation index](#how-to-edit-the-documentation-index).
That's all! We will review your changes. If everything looks good, we'll pull
them into the official documentation. Otherwise, we may have some questions for
you, which we'll post in a comment on your pull request. (GitHub will
automatically notify you if we do.) If, for some reason, we can't accept your
pull request, we'll post a comment explaining why we can't.
[![done](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_09_done.png)](/attachment/doc/doc-pr_09_done.png)
## How to edit the documentation index
The source file for the [documentation index (a.k.a. table of contents)](/doc/)
is
[doc-index.yml](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io/blob/master/_data/doc-index.yml).
Editing this file will change what appears on the documentation index. If your
pull request (PR) adds, removes, or edits anything that should be reflected in
the documentation index, please make sure you also submit an associated pull
request against this file.
## How to add images
To add an image to a page, use the following syntax in the main document (see
[here](/doc/documentation-style-guide/#image-linking) for why this syntax is
important).
```
[![Image Title](/attachment/doc/image.png)](/attachment/doc/image.png)
```
Then, submit your image(s) in a separate pull request to the
[qubes-attachment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-attachment) repository
using the same path and filename. This is the only permitted way to include
images. Do not link to images on other websites.
## Serving the website locally
You can serve the website offline on your local machine by following [these
instructions](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubesos.github.io#instructions). This
can be useful for making sure that your changes render the way you expect,
especially when your changes affect formatting, images, tables, styling, etc.
## Security
*Also see: [Should I trust this website?](/faq/#should-i-trust-this-website)*
All pull requests (PRs) against
[qubes-doc](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc) must pass review prior to be
merged, except in the case of [external
documentation](/doc/#external-documentation) (see
[#4693](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4693)). This process is
designed to ensure that contributed text is accurate and non-malicious. This
process is a best effort that should provide a reasonable degree of assurance,
but it is not foolproof. For example, all text characters are checked for ANSI
escape sequences. However, binaries, such as images, are simply checked to
ensure they appear or function the way they should when the website is
rendered. They are not further analyzed in an attempt to determine whether they
are malicious.
Once a pull request passes review, the reviewer should add a signed comment
stating, "Passed review as of `<LATEST_COMMIT>`" (or similar). The
documentation maintainer then verifies that the pull request is mechanically
sound (no merge conflicts, broken links, ANSI escapes, etc.). If so, the
documentation maintainer then merges the pull request, adds a PGP-signed tag to
the latest commit (usually the merge commit), then pushes to the remote. In
cases in which another reviewer is not required, the documentation maintainer
may review the pull request (in which case no signed comment is necessary,
since it would be redundant with the signed tag).
## Questions, problems, and improvements
If you have a question about something you read in the documentation or about
how to edit the documentation, please post it on the
[forum](https://forum.qubes-os.org/) or send it to the appropriate [mailing
list](/support/). If you see that something in the documentation should be
fixed or improved, please [contribute](#how-to-submit-a-pull-request) the
change yourself. To report an issue with the documentation, please follow our
standard [issue reporting guidelines](/doc/issue-tracking/). (If you report an
issue with the documentation, you will likely be asked to submit a pull request
for it, unless there is a clear indication in your report that you are not
willing or able to do so.)

View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/package-contributions/
ref: 29
title: Package Contributions
title: Package contributions
---
_This page is for developers who wish to contribute packages.

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@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/style-guide/
ref: 27
title: Style Guide
---

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ title: Usability & UX
Software that is too complicated to use, is often unused. Because we want as many people as possible to benefit from its unique security properties, the usability and user experience of Qubes OS is an utmost priority!
We ask anyone developing for Qubes OS to please read through this guide to better understand the user experience we strive to achieve. We also ask them to review [our style guide](/doc/style-guide/) for other design related information.
We ask anyone developing for Qubes OS to please read through this guide to better understand the user experience we strive to achieve. We also ask them to review [our visual style guide](/doc/visual-style-guide/) for other design related information.
---

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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/visual-style-guide/
redirect_from:
- /doc/style-guide/
ref: 27
title: Visual style guide
---

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@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
---
lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/website-style-guide/
title: Website style guide
---
This page explains the standards we follow for building and maintaining the
website. Please follow these guidelines and conventions when modifying the
website. For the standards governing the documentation in particular, please
see the [documentation style guide](/doc/documentation-style-guide/).
## Coding conventions
The following conventions apply to the website as a whole, including everything
written in HTML, CSS, YAML, and Liquid. These conventions are intended to keep
the codebase consistent when multiple collaborators are working on it. They
should be understood as a practical set of rules for maintaining order in this
specific codebase rather than as a statement of what is objectively right or
good.
### General practices
- Use comments to indicate the purposes of different blocks of code. This makes
the file easier to understand and navigate.
- Use descriptive variable names. Never use one or two letter variable names.
Avoid obscure abbreviations and made-up words.
- In general, make it easy for others to read your code. Your future self will
thank you, and so will your collaborators!
- [Don't Repeat Yourself
(DRY)!](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself) Instead of
repeating the same block of code multiple times, abstract it out into a
separate file and `include` that file where you need it.
### Whitespace
- Always use spaces. Never use tabs.
- Each indentation step should be exactly two (2) spaces.
- Whenever you add an opening tag, indent the following line. (Exception: If
you open and close the tag on the same line, do not indent the following
line.)
- Indent Liquid the same way as HTML.
- In general, the starting columns of every adjacent pair of lines should be no
more than two spaces apart (example below).
- No blank or empty lines. (Hint: When you feel you need one, add a comment on
that line instead.)
#### Indentation example
Here's an example that follows the indentation rules:
{% raw %}
```html
<table>
<tr>
<th title="Anchor Link"><span class="fa fa-link"></span></th>
{% for item in secs.htmlsections[0].columns %}
<th>{{ item.title }}</th>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
{% for canary in site.data.sec-canary reversed %}
<tr id="{{ canary.canary }}">
<td><a href="#{{ canary.canary }}" class="fa fa-link black-icon" title="Anchor link to Qubes Canary row: Qubes Canary #{{ canary.canary }}"></a></td>
<td>{{ canary.date }}</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-secpack/blob/master/canaries/canary-{{ canary.canary }}-{{ canary.date | date: '%Y' }}.txt">Qubes Canary #{{ canary.canary }}</a></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
```
{% endraw %}

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/1.0/release-notes/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/1.0/release-notes/
ref: 18
title: Qubes R1.0 Release Notes
title: Qubes R1.0 release notes
---
Detailed release notes in [this blog post](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2012/09/03/introducing-qubes-10.html).

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/2.0/release-notes/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/2.0/release-notes/
ref: 25
title: Qubes R2.0 Release Notes
title: Qubes R2.0 release notes
---
Detailed release notes in [this blog post](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2014/09/26/announcing-qubes-os-release-2.html)

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/3.0/release-notes/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/3.0/release-notes/
ref: 19
title: Qubes R3.0 Release Notes
title: Qubes R3.0 release notes
---
### Qubes R3.0 Release Notes

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/3.0/schedule/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/3.0/schedule/
ref: 20
title: Qubes R3.0 Release Schedule
title: Qubes R3.0 release schedule
---
| Date | Stage |

View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/3.1/schedule/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/3.1/schedule/
ref: 17
title: Qubes R3.1 Release Schedule
title: Qubes R3.1 release schedule
---
This schedule is based on [Version Scheme](/doc/version-scheme/#release-schedule).

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/3.2/schedule/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/3.2/schedule/
ref: 22
title: Qubes R3.2 Release Schedule
title: Qubes R3.2 release schedule
---
This schedule is based on [Version Scheme](/doc/version-scheme/#release-schedule).

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/4.0/schedule/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/4.0/schedule/
ref: 24
title: Qubes R4.0 Release Schedule
title: Qubes R4.0 release schedule
---
This schedule is based on [Version Scheme](/doc/version-scheme/#release-schedule).

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/releases/notes/
ref: 13
title: Release Notes
title: Release notes
---
* [Qubes R1.0 release notes](/doc/releases/1.0/release-notes/)

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/releases/schedules/
ref: 15
title: Release Schedules
title: Release schedules
---
* [Qubes R3.0 release schedule](/doc/releases/3.0/schedule/)

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@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ permalink: /doc/releases/todo/
redirect_from:
- /en/doc/releases/todo/
ref: 14
title: Release Checklist
title: Release checklist
---
*the checklist is probably unfinished*

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/VersionScheme/
- /wiki/VersionScheme/
ref: 151
title: Version Scheme
title: Version scheme
---
Beginning with R3 release, we change (and formalise) the versioning scheme.

View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: fullscreen
permalink: /doc/admin-api/table/
ref: 249
title: Admin API Table
title: Admin API table
---
This page displays the fullscreen table from [Admin API](/doc/admin-api/).

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/DVMimpl/
- /wiki/DVMimpl/
ref: 34
title: DisposableVM Implementation
title: Disposable implementation
---
**Note: The content below applies to Qubes R3.2.**

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Dom0SecureUpdates/
- /wiki/Dom0SecureUpdates/
ref: 43
title: Dom0 Secure Updates
title: Dom0 secure updates
---
Reasons for Dom0 updates

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qfilecopy/
- /wiki/Qfilecopy/
ref: 35
title: Inter-VM File Copying (qfilecopy)
title: Inter-qube file copying (qfilecopy)
---
There are two cases when we need a mechanism to copy files between VMs:

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@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qfileexchgd/
- /wiki/Qfileexchgd/
ref: 40
title: qfileexchgd (deprecated)
title: Qfileexchgd (deprecated)
---
**This mechanism is obsolete as of Qubes Beta 1!**

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qmemman/
- /wiki/Qmemman/
ref: 41
title: Qubes Memory Manager (qmemman)
title: Qubes memory manager (qmemman)
---
Rationale

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qrexec3Implementation/
- /wiki/Qrexec3Implementation/
ref: 39
title: 'Qrexec: Qubes RPC Internals'
title: 'Qrexec: Qubes RPC internals'
---
(*This page details the current implementation of qrexec (qrexec3).

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/qrexec-socket-services/
ref: 42
title: 'Qrexec: Socket-Based Services'
title: 'Qrexec: socket-based services'
---
*This page describes how to implement and use new socket-backed services for qrexec. See [qrexec](/doc/qrexec/) for general overview of the qrexec framework.*

View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qrexec/
- /wiki/Qrexec/
ref: 37
title: 'Qrexec: Secure Communication Across Domains'
title: 'Qrexec: secure communication across domains'
---
(*This page is about qrexec v3. For qrexec v2, see [here](/doc/qrexec2/).*)

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/Qrexec2Implementation/
- /wiki/Qrexec2Implementation/
ref: 38
title: qrexec v2 (deprecated)
title: Qrexec v2 (deprecated)
---
(*This page is about qrexec v2. For qrexec v3, see [here](/doc/qrexec/).*)

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/audio-virtualization/
ref: 60
title: Audio Virtualization
title: Audio virtualization
---
VMs on Qubes OS have access to virtualized audio through the PulseAudio module.

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/GUIdocs/
- /wiki/GUIdocs/
ref: 61
title: GUI Virtualization
title: GUI virtualization
---
qubes_gui and qubes_guid processes

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ layout: doc
permalink: /doc/qubes-core-admin-client/
redirect_to: https://dev.qubes-os.org/projects/core-admin-client/en/latest/
ref: 245
title: Qubes Core Admin Client
title: Qubes core admin client
---

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ layout: doc
permalink: /doc/qubes-core-admin/
redirect_to: https://dev.qubes-os.org/projects/core-admin/en/latest/
ref: 246
title: Qubes Core Admin
title: Qubes core admin
---

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@ -4,5 +4,5 @@ layout: doc
permalink: /doc/qubes-core-stack/
redirect_to: /news/2017/10/03/core3/
ref: 247
title: Qubes Core Stack
title: Qubes core stack
---

View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /wiki/SecurityCriticalCode/
- /trac/wiki/SecurityCriticalCode/
ref: 55
title: Security-Critical Code
title: Security-critical code
---
Below is a list of security-critical (i.e., trusted) code components in Qubes OS.

View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ redirect_from:
- /doc/SecurityGoals/
- /wiki/SecurityGoals/
ref: 210
title: Security Design Goals
title: Security design goals
---
Qubes OS implements a security-by-isolation (or security-by-compartmentalization) approach by providing the ability to easily create many security domains. These domains are implemented as lightweight Virtual Machines (VMs) running under the Xen hypervisor. Qubes' main objective is to provide strong isolation between these domains, so that even if an attacker compromises one of the domains, the others are still safe. Qubes, however, does not attempt to provide any security isolation for applications running within the same domain. For example, a buggy web browser running in a Qubes domain could still be compromised just as easily as on a regular Linux distribution. The difference that Qubes makes is that now the attacker doesn't have access to all the software running in the other domains.

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ lang: en
layout: doc
permalink: /doc/storage-pools/
ref: 57
title: Storage Pools
title: Storage pools
---
Qubes OS R3.2 introduced the concept of storage drivers and pools. This feature

View File

@ -9,5 +9,5 @@ redirect_from:
redirect_to:
- /doc/#developer-documentation
ref: 62
title: System Documentation
title: System documentation
---

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- /wiki/TemplateImplementation/
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title: Template Implementation
title: Template implementation
---
Every VM has 4 block devices connected:

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ref: 116
title: Building Archlinux Template
title: Building Arch Linux template
---

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title: Building Non-Fedora Template
title: Building non-Fedora template
---

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ref: 115
title: Building Whonix Templates
title: Building Whonix templates
---

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- /doc/change-time-zone/
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ref: 109
title: Changing your Time Zone
title: Changing your time zone
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title: External Audio
title: External audio
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ref: 96
title: How to Install an Nvidia Driver
title: How to install an Nvidia driver
---

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ref: 105
title: How to Make a Multimedia TemplateVM
title: How to make a multimedia template
---

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ref: 113
title: Network Bridge Support
title: Network bridge support
---

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ref: 108
title: Network Printer
title: Network printer
---

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ref: 110
title: Tips and Tricks
title: Tips and tricks
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title: Dark Theme in Dom0 and DomU
title: Dark theme
---

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redirect_to: https://github.com/Qubes-Community/Contents/blob/master/docs/customization/fedora-minimal-template-customization.md
ref: 76
title: Fedora Minimal Template Customization
title: Fedora minimal template customization
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title: Language Localization
title: Language localization
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title: Removing TemplateVM Packages
title: Removing template packages
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title: Windows Template Customization
title: Windows template customization
---

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title: CentOS Template
title: CentOS template
---

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title: Gentoo Template
title: Gentoo template
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title: Linux HVM Tips
title: Linux HVM tips
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title: How to Create a NetBSD VM
title: How to create a NetBSD qube
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title: Penetration Testing
title: Penetration testing
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title: How to Create a BlackArch VM
title: How to create a BlackArch qube
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title: How to create a Kali Linux VM
title: How to create a Kali Linux qube
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title: How to create Penetration Testers Framework (PTF) VM
title: How to create penetration testers framework (PTF) qube
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ref: 80
title: Ubuntu Template
title: Ubuntu template
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title: Qubes Windows Tools
title: Qubes Windows tools
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title: Installing a Windows VM
title: Installing a Windows qube
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title: Anonymizing your MAC Address
title: Anonymizing your MAC address
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title: Running Tails in Qubes
title: Running Tails in qubes
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title: Whonix for Privacy & Anonymity
title: Whonix for privacy & anonymity
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title: Multifactor Authentication
title: Multifactor authentication
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title: Security guidelines
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title: Application Troubleshooting
title: Application troubleshooting
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title: Intel Integrated Graphics Troubleshooting
title: Intel integrated graphics troubleshooting
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layout: doc
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title: Apple MacBook Troubleshooting
title: Apple MacBook troubleshooting
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title: Nvidia Troubleshooting
title: Nvidia troubleshooting
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title: Sony Vaio Tinkering
title: Sony Vaio tinkering
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title: Tails Troubleshooting
title: Tails troubleshooting
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title: Lenovo ThinkPad Troubleshooting
title: Lenovo ThinkPad troubleshooting
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permalink: /code-of-conduct/
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title: Code of Conduct
title: Code of conduct
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## Introduction

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