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Andrew David Wong
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---
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lang: en
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layout: doc
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permalink: /doc/guivm-configuration/
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ref: 184
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title: GuiVM Configuration
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---
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## Gui domain
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In this section, we describe how to setup `GuiVM` in several case as described in [GUI Domain](/news/2020/03/18/gui-domain/). In all the cases, the base underlying TemplateVM used is `Fedora` with `XFCE` flavor to match current desktop choice in `dom0`. That can be adapted very easily for other desktops and templates. By default, the configured `GuiVM` is a management qube with global admin permissions `rwx` but can be adjusted to `ro` (see [Introducing the Qubes Admin API](/news/2017/06/27/qubes-admin-api/)) in pillar data of the corresponding `GuiVM` to setup. For example, pillar data for `sys-gui` located at `/srv/pillar/base/qvm/sys-gui.sls`. Please note that each `GuiVM` has no `NetVM`.
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> Note: The setup is done using `SaltStack` formulas with the `qubesctl` tool. When executing it, apply step can take time because it needs to download latest Fedora XFCE TemplateVM and install desktop dependencies.
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### Hybrid GuiVM `sys-gui`
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Here, we describe how to setup `sys-gui` that we call *hybrid mode* or referenced as a *compromise solution* in [GUI Domain](/news/2020/03/18/gui-domain/#the-compromise-solution).
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[](/attachment/posts/guivm-hybrid.png)
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In `dom0`, enable the formula for `sys-gui` with pillar data:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui pillar=True
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```
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then, execute it:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl --all state.highstate
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```
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You can now disable the `sys-gui` formula:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.disable qvm.sys-gui
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```
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At this point, you need to shutdown all your running qubes as the `default_guivm` qubes global property has been set to `sys-gui`. In order to use `sys-gui` as GuiVM, you need to logout and, in the top right corner, select `lightdm` session type to *Gui Domain (sys-gui)*. Once logged, you are running `sys-gui` as fullscreen window and you can perform any operation as if you would be in `dom0` desktop.
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> Note: In order to go back to `dom0` desktop, you need to logout and then, select `lightdm` session to *Session Xfce*.
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### GPU GuiVM `sys-gui-gpu`
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Here, we describe how to setup `sys-gui-gpu` which is a `GuiVM` with *GPU passthrough* in [GUI Domain](/news/2020/03/18/gui-domain/#gpu-passthrough-the-perfect-world-desktop-solution).
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[](/attachment/posts/guivm-gpu.png)
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In `dom0`, enable the formula for `sys-gui-gpu` with pillar data:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui-gpu
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui-gpu pillar=True
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```
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then, execute it:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl --all state.highstate
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```
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You can now disable the `sys-gui-gpu` formula:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.disable qvm.sys-gui-gpu
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```
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One more step is needed: attaching the actual GPU to `sys-gui-gpu`. This can be done either manually via `qvm-pci` (remember to enable permissive option), or via:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl state.sls qvm.sys-gui-gpu-attach-gpu.
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```
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The latter option assumes Intel graphics card (it has hardcoded PCI address). If you don't have Intel graphics card, please use the former method with `qvm-pci` (see [How to use PCI devices](/doc/how-to-use-pci-devices/)).
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> Note: Some platforms can have multiple GPU. For example on laptops, it is usual to have HDMI or DISPLAY port linked to the secondary GPU (generally called _discrete GPU_). In such case, you have to also attach the secondary GPU to `sys-gui-gpu` with permissive option.
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At this point, you need to reboot your Qubes OS machine in order to boot into `sys-gui-gpu`.
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> Note: For some platforms, it can be sufficient to shutdown all the running qubes and starting `sys-gui-gpu`. Unfortunately, it has been observed that detaching and attaching some GPU cards from `dom0` to `sys-gui-gpu` can freeze computer. We encourage reboot to prevent any data loss.
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Once, `lightdm` is started, you can log as `user` where `user` refers to the first `dom0` user in `qubes` group and with corresponding `dom0` password. A better approach for handling password is currently discussed in [QubesOS/qubes-issues#6740](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/6740).
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### VNC GuiVM `sys-gui-vnc`
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Here, we describe how to setup `sys-gui-vnc` that we call a *remote* `GuiVM` or referenced as *with a virtual server* in [GUI Domain](/news/2020/03/18/gui-domain/#virtual-server-the-perfect-remote-solution).
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[](/attachment/posts/guivm-vnc.png)
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In `dom0`, enable the formula for `sys-gui-vnc` with pillar data:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui-vnc
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sudo qubesctl top.enable qvm.sys-gui-vnc pillar=True
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```
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then, execute it:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl --all state.highstate
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```
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You can now disable the `sys-gui-vnc` formula:
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```bash
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sudo qubesctl top.disable qvm.sys-gui-vnc
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```
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At this point, you need to shutdown all your running qubes as the `default_guivm` qubes global property has been set to `sys-gui-vnc`. Then, you can start `sys-gui-vnc`:
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```bash
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qvm-start sys-gui-vnc
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```
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A VNC server session is running on `localhost:5900` in `sys-gui-vnc`. In order to reach the `VNC` server, we encourage to not connect `sys-gui-vnc` to a `NetVM` but rather to use another qube for remote access, say `sys-remote`. First, you need to bind port 5900 of `sys-gui-vnc` into a `sys-remote` local port (you may want to use another port than 5900 to reach `sys-remote` from the outside). For that, use `qubes.ConnectTCP` RPC service (see [Firewall](/doc/firewall). Then, you can use any `VNC` client to connect to you `sys-remote` on the chosen local port (5900 if you kept the default one). For the first connection, you will reach `lightdm` for which you can log as `user` where `user` refers to the first `dom0` user in `qubes` group and with corresponding `dom0` password.
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> Note: `lightdm` session remains logged even if you disconnect your `VNC` client. Ensure to lock or log out before disconnecting your `VNC` client session.
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> **WARNING**: This setup raises multiple security issues: 1) Anyone who can reach the `VNC` server, can take over the control of the Qubes OS machine, 2) A second client can connect even if a connection is already active and potentially get disconnected, 3) You can get disconnected by some unrelated network issues. Generally, if this `VNC` server is exposed to open network, it must be protected with some other (cryptographic) layer like `VPN`. The setup as is, is useful only for purely testing machine.
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### Troobleshooting
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#### Application menu lacks qubes entries in a fresh GuiVM
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See [QubesOS/qubes-issues#5804](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/5804)
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#### Delete GuiVM
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The following commands have to be run in `dom0`.
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> Note: For the case of `sys-gui-gpu`, you need to prevent Qubes OS autostart of any qube to reach `dom0`. For that, you need to boot Qubes OS with [`qubes.skip_autostart`](/doc/skip-qubes-autostart/) GRUB parameter.
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Set `default_guivm` as `dom0`:
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```bash
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qubes-prefs default_guivm dom0
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```
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and for every selected qubes not using default value for `guivm` property, for example with a qube `personal`:
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```bash
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qvm-prefs personal guivm dom0
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```
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You are now able to delete the GuiVM, for example `sys-gui-gpu`:
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```bash
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qvm-remove -y sys-gui-gpu
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```
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#### General issue
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For any general GuiVM issue, please take a loot at existing issues `QubesOS/qubes-issues` under [C: gui-domain](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22C%3A+gui-domain%22) label.
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