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Revise in accordance with documentation guidelines
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Andrew David Wong
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@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ redirect_from:
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- /wiki/DisposableVMs/
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---
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DisposableVMs
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=============
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# DisposableVMs #
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A DisposableVM (previously known as a "DispVM") is a lightweight VM that can be created quickly and will disappear when closed.
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DisposableVMs are usually created in order to host a single application, like a viewer, editor, or web browser.
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@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ While running, DisposableVMs will appear in Qubes VM Manager with the name `disp
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See [this article](https://blog.invisiblethings.org/2010/06/01/disposable-vms.html) for more on why one would want to use a DisposableVM.
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Security
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--------
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## Security ##
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If a [DVM Template] becomes compromised, then any DisposableVM based on that DVM Template could be compromised.
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In particular, the *default* DVM Template is important because it is used by the "Open in DisposableVM" feature.
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@ -40,8 +38,10 @@ For details, see [this thread](https://groups.google.com/d/topic/qubes-devel/QwL
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When it is essential to avoid leaving any trace, consider using [Tails](https://tails.boum.org/).
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DisposableVMs and Networking (R4.0 and later)
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-----------------------------
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## Qubes 4.0 ##
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### DisposableVMs and Networking ###
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Similarly to how AppVMs are based on their underlying [TemplateVM](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/glossary/#templatevm), DisposableVMs are based on their underlying [DVM Template](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/glossary/#dvm-template).
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R4.0 introduces the concept of multiple DVM Templates, whereas R3.2 was limited to only one.
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@ -85,11 +85,75 @@ Some DVM Templates will automatically create a menu item to launch a DVM, if you
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To launch a DVM from the command line, in dom0 please type the following:
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qvm-run --dispvm=NameOfDVM --service qubes.StartApp+NameOfApp
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DisposableVMs and Networking (R3.2 and earlier)
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-----------------------------
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### Opening a file in a DisposableVM via GUI ###
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In an AppVM's file manager, right click on the file you wish to open in a DisposableVM, then choose "Open in DisposableVM".
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Wait a few seconds and the default application for this file type should appear displaying the file content.
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This app is running in its own dedicated VM -- a DisposableVM created for the purpose of viewing or editing this very file.
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Once you close the viewing application the whole DisposableVM will be destroyed.
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If you have edited the file and saved the changes, the changed file will be saved back to the original AppVM, overwriting the original.
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### Opening a fresh web browser instance in a new DisposableVM ###
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Sometimes it is desirable to open an instance of Firefox within a new fresh DisposableVM.
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This can be done easily using the Start Menu: just go to **Application Menu -\> DisposableVM -\> DisposableVM:Firefox web browser**.
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Wait a few seconds until a web browser starts.
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Once you close the viewing application the whole DisposableVM will be destroyed.
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### Opening a file in a DisposableVM via command line (from AppVM) ###
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Use the `qvm-open-in-dvm` command from a terminal in your AppVM:
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~~~
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[user@work-pub ~]$ qvm-open-in-dvm Downloads/apple-sandbox.pdf
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~~~
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Note that the `qvm-open-in-dvm` process will not exit until you close the application in the DisposableVM.
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### Starting an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM from an AppVM ###
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Sometimes it can be useful to start an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM. This can be done from an AppVM by running
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~~~
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[user@vault ~]$ qvm-run '$dispvm' xterm
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~~~
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The created DisposableVM can be accessed via other tools (such as `qvm-copy-to-vm`) using its `disp####` name as shown in the Qubes Manager or `qvm-ls`.
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### Starting an arbitrary application in a DisposableVM via command line from dom0 ###
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The Application Launcher has shortcuts for opening a terminal and a web browser in dedicated DisposableVMs, since these are very common tasks.
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However, it is possible to start an arbitrary application in a DisposableVM directly from dom0 by running:
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~~~
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$ qvm-run --dispvm=dvm-template --service qubes.StartApp+xterm
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~~~
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The label color will be inherited from the `dvm-template`.
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(The DisposableVM Application Launcher shortcut used for starting programs runs a very similar command to the one above.)
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### Customizing DisposableVMs ###
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You can change the template used to generate the DisposableVMs, and change settings used in the DisposableVM savefile.
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These changes will be reflected in every new DisposableVM based on that template.
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Full instructions can be found [here](/doc/disposablevm-customization/).
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## Qubes 3.2 ##
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### DisposableVMs and Networking ###
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NetVM and firewall rules for DisposableVMs can be set as they can for a normal VM.
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By default a DisposableVM will inherit the NetVM and firewall settings of the VM from which it is launched.
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@ -102,8 +166,8 @@ By default the DVM template is called `fedora-XX-dvm` (where `XX` is the Fedora
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As an "internal" VM it is hidden in Qubes VM Manager, but can be shown by selecting "Show/Hide internal VMs".
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Note that changing the "NetVM for DisposableVM" setting for the DVM Template does *not* affect the NetVM of DisposableVMs launched from the Start Menu; only changing the DVM Template's own NetVM does.
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Opening a file in a DisposableVM via GUI
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-----------------------------------------
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### Opening a file in a DisposableVM via GUI ###
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In an AppVM's file manager, right click on the file you wish to open in a DisposableVM, then choose "Open in DisposableVM".
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Wait a few seconds and the default application for this file type should appear displaying the file content.
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@ -113,8 +177,8 @@ If you have edited the file and saved the changes, the changed file will be save
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Opening a fresh web browser instance in a new DisposableVM
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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### Opening a fresh web browser instance in a new DisposableVM ###
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Sometimes it is desirable to open an instance of Firefox within a new fresh DisposableVM.
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This can be done easily using the Start Menu: just go to **Application Menu -\> DisposableVM -\> DisposableVM:Firefox web browser**.
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@ -123,8 +187,8 @@ Once you close the viewing application the whole DisposableVM will be destroyed.
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Opening a file in a DisposableVM via command line (from AppVM)
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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### Opening a file in a DisposableVM via command line (from AppVM) ###
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Use the `qvm-open-in-dvm` command from a terminal in your AppVM:
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@ -134,8 +198,8 @@ Use the `qvm-open-in-dvm` command from a terminal in your AppVM:
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Note that the `qvm-open-in-dvm` process will not exit until you close the application in the DisposableVM.
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Starting an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM from an AppVM
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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### Starting an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM from an AppVM ###
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Sometimes it can be useful to start an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM. This can be done from an AppVM by running
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@ -145,8 +209,8 @@ Sometimes it can be useful to start an arbitrary program in a DisposableVM. This
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The created DisposableVM can be accessed via other tools (such as `qvm-copy-to-vm`) using its `disp####` name as shown in the Qubes Manager or `qvm-ls`.
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Starting an arbitrary application in a DisposableVM via command line (from Dom0)
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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### Starting an arbitrary application in a DisposableVM via command line (from Dom0) ###
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The Start Menu has shortcuts for opening a terminal and a web browser in dedicated DisposableVMs, since these are very common tasks.
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However, it is possible to start an arbitrary application in a DisposableVM directly from Dom0 by running
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@ -163,8 +227,8 @@ R3.2 (border colour can be specified in the command)
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(The DisposableVM appmenu used for starting Firefox runs a very similar command to the one above.)
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Customizing DisposableVMs
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--------------------------
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### Customizing DisposableVMs ###
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You can change the template used to generate the DisposableVMs, and change settings used in the DisposableVM savefile.
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These changes will be reflected in every new DisposableVM based on that template.
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