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Add semantic newlines for blockdevices.md

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pierwill 2019-08-18 12:33:36 -05:00
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user/common-tasks/block-devices.md
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@ -26,7 +26,9 @@ Qubes OS supports the ability to attach a USB drive (or just its partitions) to
Attaching USB drives is integrated into the Devices Widget: ![device manager icon]
Simply insert your USB drive and click on the widget.
You will see multiple entries for your USB drive; typically, `sys-usb:sda`, `sys-usb:sda1`, and `sys-usb:2-1` for example.
Entries starting with a number (e.g. here `2-1`) are the [whole usb-device][USB]. Entries without a number (e.g. here `sda`) are the whole block-device. Other entries are partitions of that block-device (e.r. here `sda1`).
Entries starting with a number (e.g. here `2-1`) are the [whole usb-device][USB].
Entries without a number (e.g. here `sda`) are the whole block-device.
Other entries are partitions of that block-device (e.r. here `sda1`).
The simplest option is to attach the entire block drive.
In our example, this is `sys-usb:sda`, so hover over it.
@ -40,7 +42,8 @@ See below for more detailed steps.
## Block Devices in VMs ##
If not specified otherwise, block devices will show up as `/dev/xvdi*` in a linux VM, where `*` may be the partition-number. If a block device isn't automatically mounted after attaching, open a terminal in the VM and execute:
If not specified otherwise, block devices will show up as `/dev/xvdi*` in a linux VM, where `*` may be the partition-number.
If a block device isn't automatically mounted after attaching, open a terminal in the VM and execute:
cd ~
mkdir mnt
@ -60,9 +63,11 @@ To specify this device node name, you need to use the command line tool and its
The command-line tool you may use to mount whole USB drives or their partitions is `qvm-block`, a shortcut for `qvm-device block`.
`qvm-block` won't recognise your device by any given name, but rather the device-node the sourceVM assigns. So make sure you have the drive available in the sourceVM, then list the available block devices (step 1.) to find the corresponding device-node.
`qvm-block` won't recognise your device by any given name, but rather the device-node the sourceVM assigns.
So make sure you have the drive available in the sourceVM, then list the available block devices (step 1.) to find the corresponding device-node.
In case of a USB-drive, make sure it's attached to your computer. If you don't see anything that looks like your drive, run `sudo udevadm trigger --action=change` in your USB-qube (typically `sys-usb`)
In case of a USB-drive, make sure it's attached to your computer.
If you don't see anything that looks like your drive, run `sudo udevadm trigger --action=change` in your USB-qube (typically `sys-usb`)
1. In a dom0 console (running as a normal user), list all available block devices:
@ -154,13 +159,16 @@ To attach a file as block device to another qube, first turn it into a loopback
sudo losetup -f --show /path/to/file
[This command][losetup] will create the device node `/dev/loop0` or, if that is already in use, increase the trailing integer until that name is still available. Afterwards it prints the device-node-name it found.
[This command][losetup] will create the device node `/dev/loop0` or, if that is already in use, increase the trailing integer until that name is still available.
Afterwards it prints the device-node-name it found.
2. If you want to use the GUI, you're done. Click the Device Manager ![device manager icon] and select the `loop0`-device to attach it to another qube.
2. If you want to use the GUI, you're done.
Click the Device Manager ![device manager icon] and select the `loop0`-device to attach it to another qube.
If you rather use the command line, continue:
In dom0, run `qvm-block` to display known block devices. The newly created loop device should show up:
In dom0, run `qvm-block` to display known block devices.
The newly created loop device should show up:
~]$ qvm-block
BACKEND:DEVID DESCRIPTION USED BY
@ -177,12 +185,15 @@ To attach a file as block device to another qube, first turn it into a loopback
## Additional Attach Options ##
Attaching a block device through the command line offers additional customisation options, specifiable via the `--option`/`-o` option. (Yes, confusing wording, there's an [issue for that](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4530).)
Attaching a block device through the command line offers additional customisation options, specifiable via the `--option`/`-o` option.
(Yes, confusing wording, there's an [issue for that](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4530).)
### frontend-dev ###
This option allows you to specify the name of the device node made available in the targetVM. This defaults to `xvdi` or, if already occupied, the first available device node name in alphabetical order. (The next one tried will be `xvdj`, then `xvdk`, and so on ...)
This option allows you to specify the name of the device node made available in the targetVM.
This defaults to `xvdi` or, if already occupied, the first available device node name in alphabetical order.
(The next one tried will be `xvdj`, then `xvdk`, and so on ...)
usage example:
@ -193,7 +204,8 @@ This command will attach the partition `sda1` to `work` as `/dev/xvdz`.
### read-only ###
Attach device in read-only mode. Protects the block device in case you don't trust the targetVM.
Attach device in read-only mode.
Protects the block device in case you don't trust the targetVM.
If the device is a read-only device, this option is forced true.
@ -210,7 +222,8 @@ The two commands are equivalent.
### devtype ###
Usually, a block device is attached as disk. In case you need to attach a block device as cdrom, this option allows that.
Usually, a block device is attached as disk.
In case you need to attach a block device as cdrom, this option allows that.
usage example: