Merge branch 'awokd-patch-4'

common-tasks/managing-appvm-shortcuts.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Clicking on such shortcut runs the assigned application in its AppVM.
 
 ![dom0-menu.png"](/attachment/wiki/ManagingAppVmShortcuts/dom0-menu.png)
 
-To make newly installed applications show up in the menu, use the **qvm-sync-appmenus** command (Linux VMs do this automatically):
+To make applications newly installed via the OS's package manager show up in the menu, use the `qvm-sync-appmenus` command (Linux VMs do this automatically):
 
 `qvm-sync-appmenus vmname`
 
@@ -26,6 +26,53 @@ After that, select the *Add more shortcuts* entry in the VM's submenu to customi
 
 The above image shows that Windows HVMs are also supported (provided that Qubes Tools are installed).
 
+What if my application has not been automatically included in the list of available apps?
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Some times applications may not have included a `.desktop` file and may not be detected by `qvm-sync-appmenus`.
+Other times, you may want to make a web shortcut available from the Qubes start menu.
+
+You can manually create new entries in the "available applications" list of shortcuts for all AppVMs based on a TemplateVM.
+To do this:
+
+1. Open a terminal window to the TemplateVM.
+2. Create a custom `.desktop` file in `/usr/share/applications` (you may need to first create the subdirectory).
+   Look in `/usr/share/applications` for existing examples, or see the full [file specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html).
+   It will be something like:
+   ```
+   [Desktop Entry]
+   Version=1.0
+   Type=Application
+   Terminal=false
+   Icon=/usr/share/icons/Adwaita/256x256/devices/scanner.png
+   Name=VueScan
+   GenericName=Scanner
+   Comment=Scan Documents
+   Categories=Office;Scanning;
+   Exec=vuescan
+   ```
+3. In dom0, run `qvm-sync-appmenus <TemplateVMName>`.
+4. Go to VM Settings of the AppVM(s) to which you want to add the new shortcut, then the Applications tab.
+   Move the newly created shortcut to the right under selected.
+
+If you only want to create a shortcut for a single AppVM, you can create a custom menu entry instead:
+
+1. Open a terminal window to Dom0.
+2. Create a custom `.desktop` file in `~/.local/share/applications`.
+   Look in the same directory for existing examples, or see the full [file specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html).
+   You may use `qvm-run` inside the `.desktop` file; see [Behind the scenes](/doc/managing-appvm-shortcuts/#behind-the-scenes) for more details.
+3. Edit the `~/.config/menus/applications-merged/<vmname>-vm.menu` file for the AppVM.
+4. Add a custom menu entry referring to your newly created `.desktop` file.
+
+   ~~~
+   <Menu>
+        <Name>Webmail</Name>
+        <Include>
+                <Filename>custom.desktop</Filename>
+        </Include>
+   </Menu>
+   ~~~
+
 What about applications in DispVMs?
 -----------------------------------
 
@@ -42,29 +89,23 @@ In Windows it's a PowerShell script located in `c:\Program Files\Invisible Thing
 
  * R4.0
  
-   The list of installed applications for each AppVM is stored in dom0's `~/.local/share/qubes-appmenus/vmname/apps.templates`.
+   The list of installed applications for each AppVM is stored in dom0's `~/.local/share/qubes-appmenus/<vmname>/apps.templates`.
    Each menu entry is a file that follows the [.desktop file format](https://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html) with some wildcards (*%VMNAME%*, *%VMDIR%*).
-   Applications selected to appear in the menu are stored in `~/.local/share/qubes-appmenus/vmname/apps`.
+   Applications selected to appear in the menu are stored in `~/.local/share/qubes-appmenus/<vmname>/apps`.
     
    Actual command lines for the menu shortcuts involve `qvm-run` command which starts a process in another domain. 
    Examples: `qvm-run -q -a --service -- %VMNAME% qubes.StartApp+7-Zip-7-Zip_File_Manager` or `qvm-run -q -a --service -- %VMNAME% qubes.StartApp+firefox`
 
-   Note that you can create a shortcut that points to a .desktop file in your AppVM with e.g. `qvm-run -q -a --service -- personal qubes.StartApp+firefox`
+   Note that you can create a shortcut that points to a .desktop file in your AppVM with e.g. `qvm-run -q -a --service -- personal qubes.StartApp+firefox`.
 
  * R3.2
 
-   The list of installed applications for each AppVM is stored in dom0's `/var/lib/qubes/vm-templates/templatename/apps.templates` (or in case of StandaloneVM: `/var/lib/qubes/appvms/vmname/apps.templates`). 
+   The list of installed applications for each AppVM is stored in dom0's `/var/lib/qubes/vm-templates/<templatename>/apps.templates` (or in case of StandaloneVM: `/var/lib/qubes/appvms/<vmname>/apps.templates`). 
    Each menu entry is a file that follows the [.desktop file format](https://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html) with some wildcards (*%VMNAME%*, *%VMDIR%*). 
-   Applications selected to appear in the menu are stored in `/var/lib/qubes/appvms/vmname/apps`.
+   Applications selected to appear in the menu are stored in `/var/lib/qubes/appvms/<vmname>/apps`.
     
    Actual command lines for the menu shortcuts involve `qvm-run` command which starts a process in another domain. 
    Examples: `qvm-run -q --tray -a w7s 'cmd.exe /c "C:\\ProgramData\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Accessories\\Calculator.lnk"'` or `qvm-run -q --tray -a untrusted 'firefox %u'`
 
    Note that you can create a shortcut that points to a .desktop file in your AppVM with e.g. `qvm-run -q --tray -a personal -- 'qubes-desktop-run /home/user/application.desktop'`.
 
-What if my application has not been automatically included in the list of available apps?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-You can manually create new entries in the "available applications" list of shortcuts.
-See [Signal](/doc/signal/) for a working example of creating a new menu item for a Chrome .desktop shortcut.
-