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@ -7,88 +7,92 @@ permalink: /doc/BackupEmergencyRestoreV3/
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Emergency Backup Recovery without Qubes - format version 3
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==========================================================
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This page describes how to perform emergency restore of backup created on Qubes R2 or later (which uses backup format 3).
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This page describes how to perform an emergency restore of a backup created on Qubes R2 or later (which uses backup format version 3).
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The Qubes backup system has been designed with emergency disaster recovery in mind. No special Qubes-specific tools are required to access data backed up by Qubes. In the event a Qubes system is unavailable, you can access your data on any GNU/Linux system with the following procedure.
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**Note:** In the following example, the backup file is assumed to be both encrypted and compressed.
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1. Untar the main backup file.
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1. Untar the main backup file.
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[user@restore ~]$ tar -i -xvf qubes-backup-2013-12-26-123456
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backup-header
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backup-header.hmac
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qubes.xml.000
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qubes.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/private.img.000
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vm1/private.img.000.hmac
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vm1/icon.png.000
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vm1/icon.png.000.hmac
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vm1/firewall.xml.000
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vm1/firewall.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000.hmac
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dom0-home/dom0user.000
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dom0-home/dom0user.000.hmac
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[user@restore ~]$ tar -i -xvf qubes-backup-2015-06-05T123456
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backup-header
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backup-header.hmac
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qubes.xml.000
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qubes.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/private.img.000
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vm1/private.img.000.hmac
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vm1/icon.png.000
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vm1/icon.png.000.hmac
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vm1/firewall.xml.000
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vm1/firewall.xml.000.hmac
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000
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vm1/whitelisted-appmenus.list.000.hmac
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dom0-home/dom0user.000
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dom0-home/dom0user.000.hmac
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1. Verify the integrity of the `backup-header` file contains basic information about your backup.
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[user@restore ~]$ cd vm1/
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[user@restore ~]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" backup-header
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HMAC-SHA512(backup-header)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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[user@restore ~]$ cat backup-header.hmac
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(stdin)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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2. Verify the integrity of the `backup-header` file, which contains basic information about your backup.
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage error.
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[user@restore ~]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" backup-header
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HMAC-SHA512(backup-header)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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[user@restore ~]$ cat backup-header.hmac
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(stdin)= 5b266783e116fe3b2601a54c249ca5f5f96d421dfe6828eeaeb2dcd014e9e945c27b3d7b0f952f5d55c927318906d9c360f387b0e1f069bb8195e96543e2969c
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. A complete list of supported message digest algorithms can be found with `openssl list-message-digest-algorithms`.
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage error.
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1. Read the `backup-header`. You'll need some of this information later. The file will look similar to this:
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version=3
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hmac-algorithm=SHA512
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crypto-algorithm=aes-256-cbc
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encrypted=True
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compressed=True
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. This information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3), however it is not recommended to open this file until its integrity and authenticity has been verified (the current step). A complete list of supported message digest algorithms can be found with `openssl list-message-digest-algorithms`.
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3. Read the `backup-header`. You'll need some of this information later. The file will look similar to this:
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[user@restore ~]$ cat backup-header
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version=3
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hmac-algorithm=SHA512
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crypto-algorithm=aes-256-cbc
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encrypted=True
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compressed=True
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compression-filter=gzip
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If you see `version=2` here, go to [Emergency Backup Recovery - format version 2](/doc/BackupEmergencyRestoreV2/) page instead.
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**Note:** If you see `version=2` here, go to [Emergency Backup Recovery - format version 2](/doc/BackupEmergencyRestoreV2/) instead.
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1. Verify the integrity of the `private.img` file which houses your data.
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4. Verify the integrity of the `private.img` file which houses your data.
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[user@restore ~]$ cd vm1/
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[user@restore vm1]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" private.img.000
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HMAC-SHA512(private.img.000)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat private.img.000.hmac
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(stdin)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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[user@restore ~]$ cd vm1/
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[user@restore vm1]$ openssl dgst -sha512 -hmac "your_passphrase" private.img.000
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HMAC-SHA512(private.img.000)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat private.img.000.hmac
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(stdin)= cf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage error.
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**Note:** The hash values should match. If they do not match, then the backup file may have been tampered with, or there may have been a storage error.
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. A complete list of supported message digest algorithms can be found with `openssl list-message-digest-algorithms`. You can check `backup-header` file for the hash used to create the backup.
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**Note:** If your backup was hashed with a message digest algorithm other than `sha512`, you must substitute the correct message digest command. This information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3). A complete list of supported message digest algorithms can be found with `openssl list-message-digest-algorithms`.
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1. Decrypt the `private.img` file.
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5. Decrypt the `private.img` file.
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cat private.img.??? | openssl enc -d -pass pass:your_passphrase -aes-256-cbc -out private.img.dec
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cat private.img.??? | openssl enc -d -pass pass:your_passphrase -aes-256-cbc -out private.img.dec
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**Note:** If your backup was encrypted with a cipher algorithm other than `aes-256-cbc`, you must substitute the correct cipher command. A complete list of supported cipher algorithms can be found with `openssl list-cipher-algorithms`. You can check `backup-header` file to get that information.
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**Note:** If your backup was encrypted with a cipher algorithm other than `aes-256-cbc`, you must substitute the correct cipher command. This information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3). A complete list of supported cipher algorithms can be found with `openssl list-cipher-algorithms`.
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1. Decompress the decrypted `private.img` file.
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6. Decompress the decrypted `private.img` file.
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[user@restore vm1]$ zforce private.img.dec
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[user@restore vm1]$ gunzip private.img.dec.gz
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[user@restore vm1]$ zforce private.img.dec
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private.img.dec -- replaced with private.img.dec.gz
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[user@restore vm1]$ gunzip private.img.dec.gz
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**Note:** If your backup was compressed with a program other than `gzip`, you must substitute the correct compression program. `backup-header` file contains name of program used to compress the data.
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**Note:** If your backup was compressed with a program other than `gzip`, you must substitute the correct compression program. This information is contained in the `backup-header` file (see step 3).
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1. Untar the decrypted and decompressed `private.img` file.
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7. Untar the decrypted and decompressed `private.img` file.
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[user@restore vm1]$ tar -xvf private.img.dec
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vm1/private.img
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[user@restore vm1]$ tar -xvf private.img.dec
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vm1/private.img
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1. Mount the private.img file and access your data.
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8. Mount the private.img file and access your data.
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mkdir /mnt/img
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mount -o loop vm1/private.img /mnt/img/
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat /mnt/img/home/user/your_data.txt
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This data has been successfully recovered!
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mkdir /mnt/img
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[user@restore vm1]$ sudo mount -o loop vm1/private.img /mnt/img/
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[user@restore vm1]$ cat /mnt/img/home/user/your_data.txt
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This data has been successfully recovered!
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**Note:** You may wish to store a plain text copy of these instructions with your Qubes backups in the event that you fail to recall the above procedure while this web page is inaccessible. You may obtain a plaintext version of this file in Git repository housing all the documentation at:
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**Note:** You may wish to store a copy of these instructions with your Qubes backups in the event that you fail to recall the above procedure while this web page is inaccessible. All Qubes documentation, including this page, is available in plain text format in the following Git repository:
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https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc.git
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https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc.git
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