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Update custom installation instructions for 4.0
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Andrew David Wong
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154c307931
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@ -13,35 +13,183 @@ In the present context, "custom installation" refers to things like manual
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partitioning, setting up LVM and RAID, and manual LUKS encryption configuration.
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partitioning, setting up LVM and RAID, and manual LUKS encryption configuration.
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Installer Defaults (R3.2)
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## Qubes 4.0
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-------------------------
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### Installer Defaults
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For reference, these are the typical defaults for a single disk:
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~~~
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Mount Point: /boot
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Desired Capacity: 1024 MiB
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Device Type: Standard Partition
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File System: ext4
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Name: (none)
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Mount Point: /
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Desired Capacity: (your choice)
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Device Type: LVM Thin Provisioning
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: ext4
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Name: root
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Mount Point: (none)
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Desired Capacity: 15.37 GiB
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Device Type: LVM
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: swap
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Name: swap
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~~~
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~~~
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
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Order Action Type Device Mount point
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1 Destroy Format Unknown Disk (sda)
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2 Create Format partition table (MSDOS) Disk (sda)
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3 Create Device partition sda1 on Disk
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4 Create Format ext4 sda1 on Disk /boot
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5 Create Device partition sda2 on Disk
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6 Create Format LUKS sda2 on Disk
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7 Create Device luks/dm-crypt luks-sda2
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8 Create Format physical volume (LVM) luks-sda2
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9 Create Device lvmvg qubes_dom0
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10 Create Device lvmthinpool qubes_dom0-pool00
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11 Create Device lvmthinlv qubes_dom0-root
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12 Create Device lvmlv qubes_dom0-swap
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13 Create Format swap qubes_dom0-swap
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14 Create Format ext4 qubes_dom0-root /
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~~~
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### Typical Partition Schemes
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If you want your partition/LVM scheme to look like the Qubes default but
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with a few tweaks, follow these examples. With a single disk, the result
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should look something like this:
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~~~
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NAME SIZE TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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sda disk
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├──sda1 1G part /boot
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└──sda2 part
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└──luks-<UUID> crypt
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├──qubes_dom0-pool00_tmeta lvm
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├──qubes_dom0-pool00_tdata lvm
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└──qubes_dom0-swap lvm [SWAP]
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~~~
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### Encryption Defaults
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By default, `cryptsetup 1.7.5` will create a LUKS/dm-crypt volume as follows:
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~~~
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Version: 1
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Cipher name: aes
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Cipher mode: xts-plain64
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Hash spec: sha256
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~~~
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~~~
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$ cryptsetup --help
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[...]
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Default compiled-in device cipher parameters:
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loop-AES: aes, Key 256 bits
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plain: aes-cbc-essiv:sha256, Key: 256 bits, Password hashing: ripdemd160
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LUKS1: aes-xts-plain64, Key: 256 bits, LUKS header hashing: sha256, RNG: /dev/urandom
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~~~
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This means that, by default, Qubes inherits these upstream defaults:
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- AES-128 [[1]][cryptsetup-faq][[2]][dm-crypt][[3]][tomb-238]
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- SHA-256
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- `/dev/urandom`
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- probably an `iter-time` of one second
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If, instead, you'd like to use AES-256, SHA-512, `/dev/random`, and a longer `iter-time`, you can configure encryption manually by following the instructions below.
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### Example: Custom LUKS Configuration
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Boot into the Qubes installer, then press `ctrl`+`alt`+`F2` to get a virtual console.
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1. (Optional) Wipe the disk:
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M status=progress && sync
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2. Create partiions:
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# fdisk /dev/sda
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n
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p
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1
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+1G
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a
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n
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p
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2
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(your choice; might want to leave overprovisioning space on an SSD)
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p (check and confirm that everything makes sense)
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w
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4. Create LUKS encrypted volume:
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# cryptsetup -v --hash sha512 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --use-random --iter-time 10000 --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sda2
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5. Open encrypted volume:
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# cryptsetup open /dev/sda2 luks
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6. Create LVM volumes:
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# pvcreate /dev/mapper/luks
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# vgcreate qubes_dom0 /dev/mapper/luks
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# lvcreate -n swap -L 10G qubes_dom0
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# lvcreate -T -l +100%FREE qubes_dom0/pool00
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# lvcreate -V1G -T qubes_dom0/pool00 -n root
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# lvextend -L <size_of_pool00> /dev/qubes_dom0/root
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8. Proceed with the installer.
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At the disk selection screen, select:
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[x] I will configure partitioning.
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[ ] Encrypt my data.
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Decrypt your partition, then assign `/`, `/boot`, and `swap`.
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Proceed normally from there.
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## Qubes 3.2
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### Installer Defaults
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For reference, these are the defaults for a single disk:
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For reference, these are the defaults for a single disk:
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~~~
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~~~
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Mount Point: `/`
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Mount Point: /
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Desired Capacity: (your choice)
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Desired Capacity: (your choice)
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Device Type: `LVM`
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Device Type: LVM
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Volume Group: `qubes_dom0`
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: `ext4`
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File System: ext4
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Name: `root`
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Name: root
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Mount Point: `/boot`
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Mount Point: /boot
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Desired Capacity: 500 MiB (recommended)
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Desired Capacity: 500 MiB (recommended)
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Device Type: Standard Partition
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Device Type: Standard Partition
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File System: `ext4`
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File System: ext4
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Mount Point: (none)
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Mount Point: (none)
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Desired Capacity: 9.44 GiB (recommended)
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Desired Capacity: 9.44 GiB (recommended)
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Device Type: LVM
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Device Type: LVM
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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Volume Group: qubes_dom0
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File System: `swap`
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File System: swap
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Name: `swap`
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Name: swap
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~~~
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~~~
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Typical Partition Schemes
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### Typical Partition Schemes
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-------------------------
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If you want your partition/LVM scheme to look like the Qubes default but
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If you want your partition/LVM scheme to look like the Qubes default but
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with a few tweaks, follow these examples. With a single disk, the result
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with a few tweaks, follow these examples. With a single disk, the result
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@ -80,8 +228,7 @@ If you're using `mdadm` software RAID, it should look something like this:
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~~~
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~~~
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Example: LVM on LUKS on RAID (R3.2)
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### Example: LVM on LUKS on RAID0
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-----------------------------------
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Boot into the Qubes installer, then press `ctrl`+`alt`+`F2` to get a virtual
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Boot into the Qubes installer, then press `ctrl`+`alt`+`F2` to get a virtual
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console.
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console.
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@ -128,8 +275,9 @@ console.
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Continue normally from here.
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Continue normally from here.
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Manual Encryption Configuration (R3.1)
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## Qubes 3.1
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--------------------------------------
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### Manual Encryption Configuration
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Qubes OS uses full disk encryption (FDE) by default. If you are an advanced
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Qubes OS uses full disk encryption (FDE) by default. If you are an advanced
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user who wishes to customize your encryption parameters during installation,
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user who wishes to customize your encryption parameters during installation,
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@ -191,3 +339,7 @@ configure the encryption options while installing Qubes as follows:
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# cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda2
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# cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda2
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[cryptsetup-faq]: https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/FrequentlyAskedQuestions
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[dm-crypt]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/dm-crypt/Device_encryption
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[tomb-238]: https://github.com/dyne/Tomb/issues/238
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