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	StickMounting.md
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StickMounting.md
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@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ How to Mount USB Sticks to AppVMs
(**Note:** In the present context, the term "USB stick" denotes any [USB mass storage device](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_mass_storage_device_class). In addition to smaller flash memory sticks, this includes things like USB external hard drives.)
Qubes supports the ability to mount a USB stick to any AppVM easily, no matter which VM actually handles the USB controller. (The USB controller may be assigned on the **Devices** tab of an AppVM's settings page in Qubes VM Manager or by using the [qvm-pci command](/doc/AssigningDevices/).)
Qubes supports the ability to attach a USB stick (or just one or more of its partitions) to any AppVM easily, no matter which VM actually handles the USB controller. (The USB controller may be assigned on the **Devices** tab of an AppVM's settings page in Qubes VM Manager or by using the [qvm-pci command](/doc/AssigningDevices/).)
As of Qubes R2 Beta 3, USB stick mounting has been integrated into the Qubes VM Manger GUI. Simply insert your USB stick, right-click the desired AppVM in the Qubes VM Manager list, click **Attach/detach block devices**, and select your desired action and device.
As of Qubes R2 Beta 3, USB stick mounting has been integrated into the Qubes VM Manger GUI. Simply insert your USB stick, right-click the desired AppVM in the Qubes VM Manager list, click **Attach/detach block devices**, and select your desired action and device. This, however, only works for the whole device. If you would like to attach individual partitions you must use the command-line tool (shown below). The reason for this is that when attaching a single partition, it used to be that Nautilus file manager would not see it and automatically mount it (see [this ticket](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/623)). This problem, however, seems to be resolved (see [this issue comment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/1072#issuecomment-124270051)). If for some reason it does not show up in nautilus for you and you still need to attach just a single partition to a device, you will need to mount it manually; the device will show up as /dev/xvdi (or /dev/xvdj if there is already one device attached--/dev/xvdk and so on).
A command-line tool, `qvm-block`, is also available. This tool can be used to assign a USB stick to an AppVM as follows:
The command-line tool you may use to mount whole USB sticks or their partitions is `qvm-block`. This tool can be used to assign a USB stick to an AppVM as follows:
1. Insert your USB stick.
@ -36,15 +36,16 @@ A command-line tool, `qvm-block`, is also available. This tool can be used to as
sudo udevadm trigger --action=change
{% endhighlight %}
1. Connect the device to an AppVM:
1. Assuming our USB stick is sdb, we attach the device to an AppVM like so:
{% highlight trac-wiki %}
qvm-block -a personal dom0:sda
qvm-block -a personal dom0:sdb
{% endhighlight %}
**Note:** The order of these parameters was changed in Qubes 1.0-rc1.
This will attach the device as "/dev/xvdi", if not already taken by another attached device, in the AppVM. You may also mount one partition at a time by using the same command with the partition number after sdb.
This will attach the device as "/dev/xvdi" in the AppVM.
**Warning: when working with single partitions, it is possible to assign the same partition to multiple VMs.** For example, you could attach sdb1 to VM1 and then sdb to VM2. It is up to the user not to make this mistake. Xen block device framework currently does not provide an easy way around this. Point 2 of [this ticket comment](https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/1072#issuecomment-124119309) gives details on this.
1. The USB stick is now attached to the AppVM. If using a default AppVM, you may open Nautilus file manager in the AppVM, and your stick should be visible in the **Devices** panel on the left.