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161 lines
4.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
161 lines
4.7 KiB
ReStructuredText
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=================
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Resize disk image
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=================
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Resizing Disk Images
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--------------------
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By default Qubes uses thin volumes for the disk images. This means that
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space is not actually allocated for the volume until it is used. So a
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2GB private volume with 100M of files will only use 100M. This explains
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how you can have *many* qubes with large private volumes on quite a
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small disk. This is called over provisioning. You should keep an eye on
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the disk-space widget to see how much free space you actually have.
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It is easy to increase the size of disk images. There are risks attached
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to reducing the size of an image, and in general you should not need to
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do this.
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Increasing the size of Disk Images
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----------------------------------
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There are several disk images which can be easily extended, but pay
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attention to the overall consumed space of your sparse/thin disk images.
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In most cases, the GUI tool Qube Settings (available for every qube from
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the Start menu, and also in the Qube Manager) will allow you to easily
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increase maximum disk image size.
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.. figure:: /attachment/doc/r4.0-vm-settings-disk-image.png
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:alt: vm-settings-disk-image.png
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vm-settings-disk-image.png
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In case of standalone qubes and templates, just change the Disk Storage
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settings above. In case of template-based qubes, the private storage
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(the /home directory and user files) can be changed in the qube’s own
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settings, but the system root image is :doc:`inherited from the template </introduction/getting-started>`, and so it must be changed in the
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template settings. If you are increasing the disk image size for
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Linux-based qubes installed from Qubes OS repositories in Qubes 4.0 or
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later, changing the settings above is all you need to do - in other
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cases, you may need to do more, according to instructions below. See
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also the OS-specific follow-up instructions below.
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.. _increasing-the-size-of-disk-images-1:
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Increasing the size of Disk Images
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Use either GUI tool Qube Settings (``qubes-vm-settings``) or the CLI
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tool ``qvm-volume``. Maximum size which can be assigned through Qube
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Settings is 1048576 MiB - if you need more, use ``qvm-volume``:
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.. code:: bash
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:root <size>
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OR
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.. code:: bash
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:private <size>
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, …), not the size to
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add to the existing disk.
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If you have run out of space for software in your Template, you need to
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increase *root image* of the Template (not private storage!). **Make sure changes in the Template between reboots don’t exceed 10G.** It is
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recommended that you restart (or start and then shutdown, if it is not
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running) the template after resizing the root image.
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If you are **not** using Linux in the qube, you will also need to:
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1. Start the template.
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2. Resize the filesystem using OS appropriate tools.
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3. Verify available space in the template using ``df -h`` or OS specific
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tools.
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4. Shutdown the template.
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Windows 7
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^^^^^^^^^
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1. Click Start
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2. type “diskmgmt.msc” - this takes you to Disk Management
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3. Right-click on your existing volume, select “Extend Volume…”
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4. Click through the wizard.
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No reboot required.
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FreeBSD
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^^^^^^^
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.. code:: bash
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gpart recover ada0
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sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10
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gpart resize -i index ada0
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zpool online -e poolname ada0
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Linux
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^^^^^
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Qubes will automatically grow the filesystem for you on all app qubes
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with Qubes packages installed (which are all app qubes installed from
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templates, cloned from templates etc. - if you have not created an empty
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HVM and installed a Linux distribution in it, without using Qubes
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repositories, you are almost certainly safe). Otherwise, you will see
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that there is unallocated free space at the end of your primary disk.
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You can use standard linux tools like ``fdisk`` and ``resize2fs`` to
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make this space available.
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Decreasing the size of Disk Images
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----------------------------------
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The number shown for “storage max size” does not mean that the storage
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is really using that amount. In most cases you need not worry about the
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size shown. If you have increased the max size, and do not need it, then
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you *can* reduce the allocated size, but there is a risk of data loss.
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Remember you really dont need to do this.
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You can create a new qube, copy your files in to the new qube, and
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delete the old qube. (Simple and effective.)
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Or you can take the risk of reducing the size of the disk. For example,
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to reduce the private storage of qube1 to 1GiB: Open a terminal in dom0:
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.. code:: bash
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qvm-shutdown qube1
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sudo lvresize --size 1024M /dev/qubes_dom0/vm-qube1-private
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If you have a SSD see :doc:`here <https://forum.qubes-os.org/t/19054>` for information on using
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fstrim.
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