You are being watched. Private and state-sponsored organizations are monitoring and recording your online activities. privacytools.io provides knowledge and tools to protect your privacy against global mass surveillance.
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Privacy? I don't have anything to hide.
Over the last 16 months, as I've debated this issue around the world, every single time somebody has said to me, "I don't really worry about invasions of privacy because I don't have anything to hide." I always say the same thing to them. I get out a pen, I write down my email address. I say, "Here's my email address. What I want you to do when you get home is email me the passwords to all of your email accounts, not just the nice, respectable work one in your name, but all of them, because I want to be able to just troll through what it is you're doing online, read what I want to read and publish whatever I find interesting. After all, if you're not a bad person, if you're doing nothing wrong, you should have nothing to hide." Not a single person has taken me up on that offer.
Read also:
- Nothing to hide argument (Wikipedia)
- How do you counter the "I have nothing to hide?" argument? (reddit.com)
- 'I've Got Nothing to Hide' and Other Misunderstandings of Privacy (Daniel J. Solove - San Diego Law Review)
![UKUSA Agreement](img/layout/UKUSA.png)
The UKUSA Agreement is an agreement between the United Kingdom, United States, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand to cooperatively collect, analyze, and share intelligence. Members of this group, known as the Five Eyes, focus on gathering and analyzing intelligence from different parts of the world. While Five Eyes countries have agreed to not spy on each other as adversaries, leaks by Snowden have revealed that some Five Eyes members monitor each other’s citizens and share intelligence to avoid breaking domestic laws that prohibit them from spying on their own citizens. The Five Eyes alliance also cooperates with groups of third party countries to share intelligence (forming the Nine Eyes and Fourteen Eyes), however Five Eyes and third party countries can and do spy on each other.
Five Eyes
2. Canada
3. New Zealand
4. United Kingdom
5. United States of America
Nine Eyes
7. France
8. Netherlands
9. Norway
Fourteen Eyes
11. Germany
12. Italy
13. Spain
14. Sweden
Why is it not recommended to choose a US based service?
![USA](img/layout/USA.png)
Services based in the United States are not recommended because of the country’s surveillance programs, use of National Security Letters (NSLs) and accompanying gag orders, which forbid the recipient from talking about the request. This combination allows the government to secretly force companies to grant complete access to customer data and transform the service into a tool of mass surveillance.
An example of this is Lavabit – a discontinued secure email service created by Ladar Levison. The FBI requested Snowden’s records after finding out that he used the service. Since Lavabit did not keep logs and email content was stored encrypted, the FBI served a subpoena (with a gag order) for the service’s SSL keys. Having the SSL keys would allow them to access communications (both metadata and unencrypted content) in real time for all of Lavabit’s customers, not just Snowden's.
Ultimately, Levison turned over the SSL keys and shut down the service at the same time. The US government then threatened Levison with arrest, saying that shutting down the service was a violation of the court order.
Related Information
- Avoid all US and UK based services
- Proof that warrant canaries work based on the surespot example.
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UKUSA_Agreement
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavabit#Suspension_and_gag_order
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_disclosure_law
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Mass_surveillance
Sortable VPN Providers Table | Yearly Price | Free Trial | # Servers | Jurisdiction | Website |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
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54 € | Yes | 162 | Italy | AirVPN.org |
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45 € | Yes | 5 | Sweden | AzireVPN.com |
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99 € | Yes | 27 | Hong Kong | blackVPN.com |
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$ 52 | Yes | 18 | Iceland | Cryptostorm.is |
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39,99 € | No | 432 | Northern Cyprus | EarthVPN.com |
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$ 99.95 | Yes | 145 | British Virgin Islands | ExpressVPN.com |
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$ 35.88 | No | 27 | Sweden | FrootVPN.com |
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$ 65.04 | Yes | 88 | Malaysia | hide.me |
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$ 100 | Yes | 21 | Gibraltar | IVPN.net |
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60 € | Yes | 168 | Sweden | Mullvad.net |
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$ 69 | Yes | 475 | Panama | NordVPN.com |
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$ 84 | Yes | 39 | Sweden | OVPN.com |
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124.95 € | No | 41 | Panama | Perfect-Privacy.com |
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Free | Yes | 249 | Switzerland | ProtonVPN.com |
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$ 90 | No | 300 | Seychelles | Proxy.sh |
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$ 39.95 | Yes | 48 | Seychelles | Trust.Zone |
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$ 39.99 | No | 122 | Hong Kong | VPN.ht |
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$ 59.00 | Yes | 204 | Bulgaria | VPNArea.com |
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$ 35.88 | No | 80 | Seychelles | VPNTunnel.com |
Our VPN Provider Criteria
- Operating outside the USA or other Five Eyes countries.
More: Avoid all US and UK based services. - OpenVPN software support.
- Accepts Bitcoin, cash, debit cards or cash cards as a payment method.
- No personal information is required to create an account. Only username, password and Email.
We're not affiliated with any of the above listed VPN providers. This way can give you honest recommendations.
More VPN Provider
Spreadsheet with unbiased, independently verifiable data on over 100 VPN services. (Join the discussion on Reddit)
Related VPN information
- Which VPN Services Keep You Anonymous in 2018?
(Note: The providers listed first in the TorrentFreaks article are sponsored) - How To Make VPNs Even More Secure
- Can you trust a VPN to protect your privacy? - SpiderOak
- Beware of False Reviews - VPN Marketing and Affiliate Programs
- I am Anonymous When I Use a VPN - 7 Myths Debunked
(Note: While this is a good read, they also use the article for self promotion) - Proxy.sh VPN Provider Sniffed Server Traffic to Catch Hacker
- Ethical policy - All of the reasons why Proxy.sh might enable logging
- IVPN.net will collect your email and IP address after sign up
Read the Email statement from IVPN. - blackVPN announced to delete connection logs after disconnection
- Don't use LT2P IPSec, use other protocols.
![Warrant Canary Example](img/layout/warrant-canary.jpg)
A warrant canary is a posted document stating that an organization has not received any secret subpoenas during a specific period of time. If this document fails to be updated during the specified time then the user is to assume that the service has received such a subpoena and should stop using the service.
Warrant Canary Examples:
- https://proxy.sh/canary
- https://www.ivpn.net/resources/canary.txt
- https://www.vpnsecure.me/files/canary.txt
- https://www.bolehvpn.net/canary.txt
- https://lokun.is/canary.txt
- https://www.ipredator.se/static/downloads/canary.txt
Related Warrant Canary Information
- Warrant Canary Frequently Asked Questions
- Companies and organizations with warrant canaries
- Warrant canary criticism by Bruce Schneier and an example of a law against warrant canaries.
Mozilla Firefox
Firefox is fast, reliable, open source and respects your privacy. Don't forget to adjust the settings according to our
recommendations: WebRTC and about:config and get the privacy add-ons.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, BSD.
![Fingerprint image](img/layout/browser-fingerprint.jpg)
When you visit a web page, your browser voluntarily sends information about its configuration, such as available fonts, browser type, and add-ons. If this combination of information is unique, it may be possible to identify and track you without using cookies. EFF created a Tool called Panopticlick to test your browser to see how unique it is.
You need to find what most browsers are reporting, and then use those variables to bring your browser in the same population. This means having the same fonts, plugins, and extensions installed as the large installed base. You should have a spoofed user agent string to match what the large userbase has. You need have the same settings enabled and disabled, such as DNT and WebGL. You need your browser to look as common as everyone else. Disabling JavaScript, using Linux, or even the TBB, will make your browser stick out from the masses.
Modern web browsers have not been architected to assure personal web privacy. Rather than worrying about being fingerprinted, it seems more practical to use free software plugins like Privacy Badger, uBlock Origin and Disconnect. They not only respect your freedom, but your privacy also. You can get much further with these than trying to manipulate your browser's fingerprint.
Related Information
- How Unique Is Your Web Browser? Peter Eckersley, EFF.
- Join our discussion on reddit.com about browser fingerprinting.
- Our Firefox privacy add-ons section.
- BrowserLeaks.com - Web browser security testing tools, that tell you what exactly personal identity data may be leaked without any permissions when you surf the Internet.
While software like NoScript prevents this, it's probably a good idea to block this protocol directly as well, just to be safe.
How to disable WebRTC in Firefox?
In short: Set "media.peerconnection.enabled" to "false" in "about:config".
Explained:
- Enter "about:config" in the firefox address bar and press enter.
- Press the button "I'll be careful, I promise!"
- Search for "media.peerconnection.enabled"
- Double click the entry, the column "Value" should now be "false"
- Done. Do the WebRTC leak test again.
If you want to make sure every single WebRTC related setting is really disabled change these settings:
- media.peerconnection.turn.disable = true
- media.peerconnection.use_document_iceservers = false
- media.peerconnection.video.enabled = false
- media.peerconnection.identity.timeout = 1
Now you can be 100% sure WebRTC is disabled.
How to fix the WebRTC Leak in Google Chrome?
WebRTC cannot be fully disabled in Chrome, however it is possible to change its routing settings (and prevent leaks) using an extension. Two open source solutions include WebRTC Leak Prevent (options may need to be changed depending on the scenario), and uBlock Origin (select "Prevent WebRTC from leaking local IP addresses" in Settings).
What about other browsers?
Chrome on iOS, Internet Explorer and Safari does not implement WebRTC yet. But we recommend using Firefox on all devices.
Stop Tracking with "Privacy Badger"
![Privacy Badger](img/addons/Privacy-Badger.gif)
Privacy Badger is a browser add-on that stops advertisers and other third-party trackers from secretly tracking where you go and what pages you look at on the web. Privacy Badger learns about trackers as you browse by inspecting external resources websites request. Please be aware that Google Analytics is considered first-party by Privacy Badger, which means that Google Analytics will not be blocked if you do not use another blocker, such as uBlock Origin. https://www.eff.org/privacybadger/
Block Ads and Trackers with "uBlock Origin"
![uBlock](img/addons/uBlock.gif)
An efficient wide-spectrum-blocker that's easy on memory, and yet can load and enforce thousands more filters than other popular blockers out there. It has no monetization strategy and
is completely open source. We recommend Firefox but uBlock Origin also works in other browsers such as Safari, Opera, and Chromium. Unlike AdBlock Plus, uBlock does not allow so-called "acceptable ads".
https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/ublock-origin/
Automatically Delete Cookies with "Cookie AutoDelete"
![Cookie AutoDelete](img/addons/Cookie-AutoDelete.gif)
Automatically removes cookies when they are no longer used by open browser tabs. With the cookies, lingering sessions, as well as information used to spy on you, will be expunged.
https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/cookie-autodelete/
Encryption with "HTTPS Everywhere"
![HTTPS Everywhere](img/addons/HTTPS-Everywhere.gif)
A Firefox, Chrome, and Opera extension that encrypts your communications with many major websites, making your browsing more secure. A collaboration between The Tor Project and the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
https://www.eff.org/https-everywhere
Block Content Delivery Networks with "Decentraleyes"
![Decentraleyes](img/addons/Decentraleyes.gif)
Emulates Content Delivery Networks locally by intercepting requests, finding the required resource and injecting it into the environment. This all happens instantaneously, automatically, and no prior configuration is required. Source code: GitLab (self-hosted).
https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/decentraleyes/
Stop cross-site requests with "uMatrix"
![uMatrix](img/addons/uMatrix.gif)
Many websites integrate features which let other websites track you, such as Facebook Like Buttons or Google Analytics. uMatrix gives you control over the requests that websites make to other websites. This gives you greater and more fine grained control
over the information that you leak online.
https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/umatrix/
Be in total control with "NoScript Security Suite"
![NoScript](img/addons/NoScript.gif)
Highly customizable plugin to selectively allow Javascript, Java, and Flash to run only on websites you trust. Not for casual users, it requires technical knowledge to configure.
https://addons.mozilla.org/firefox/addon/noscript/
Preparation:
- Enter "about:config" in the firefox address bar and press enter.
- Press the button "I'll be careful, I promise!"
- Follow the instructions below...
Getting started:
- privacy.firstparty.isolate = true
- A result of the Tor Uplift effort, this preference isolates all browser identifier sources (e.g. cookies) to the first party domain, with the goal of preventing tracking across different domains. (Don't do this if you are using the Firefox Addon "Cookie AutoDelete" with Firefox v58 or below.)
- privacy.resistFingerprinting = true
- A result of the Tor Uplift effort, this preference makes Firefox more resistant to browser fingerprinting.
- privacy.trackingprotection.enabled = true
- This is Mozilla’s new built in tracking protection. It uses Disconnect.me filter list, which is redundant if you are already using uBlock Origin 3rd party filters, therefore you should set it to false if you are using the add-on functionalities.
- browser.cache.offline.enable = false
- Disables offline cache.
- browser.safebrowsing.malware.enabled = false
- Disable Google Safe Browsing malware checks. Security risk, but privacy improvement.
- browser.safebrowsing.phishing.enabled = false
- Disable Google Safe Browsing and phishing protection. Security risk, but privacy improvement.
- browser.send_pings = false
- The attribute would be useful for letting websites track visitors’ clicks.
- browser.sessionstore.max_tabs_undo = 0
- Even with Firefox set to not remember history, your closed tabs are stored temporarily at Menu -> History -> Recently Closed Tabs.
- browser.urlbar.speculativeConnect.enabled = false
- Disable preloading of autocomplete URLs. Firefox preloads URLs that autocomplete when a user types into the address bar, which is a concern if URLs are suggested that the user does not want to connect to. Source
- dom.battery.enabled = false
- Website owners can track the battery status of your device. Source
- dom.event.clipboardevents.enabled = false
- Disable that websites can get notifications if you copy, paste, or cut something from a web page, and it lets them know which part of the page had been selected.
- geo.enabled = false
- Disables geolocation.
- media.eme.enabled = false
- Disables playback of DRM-controlled HTML5 content, which, if enabled, automatically downloads the Widevine Content Decryption Module provided by Google Inc. Details
- DRM-controlled content that requires the Adobe Flash or Microsoft Silverlight NPAPI plugins will still play, if installed and enabled in Firefox.
- media.gmp-widevinecdm.enabled = false
- Disables the Widevine Content Decryption Module provided by Google Inc., used for the playback of DRM-controlled HTML5 content. Details
- media.navigator.enabled = false
- Websites can track the microphone and camera status of your device.
- network.cookie.cookieBehavior = 1
- Disable cookies
- 0 = Accept all cookies by default
- 1 = Only accept from the originating site (block third party cookies)
- 2 = Block all cookies by default
- network.cookie.lifetimePolicy = 2
- cookies are deleted at the end of the session
- 0 = Accept cookies normally
- 1 = Prompt for each cookie
- 2 = Accept for current session only
- 3 = Accept for N days
- network.http.referer.trimmingPolicy = 2
- Send only the scheme, host, and port in the
Referer
header - 0 = Send the full URL in the
Referer
header - 1 = Send the URL without its query string in the
Referer
header - 2 = Send only the scheme, host, and port in the
Referer
header - network.http.referer.XOriginPolicy = 2
- Only send
Referer
header when the full hostnames match. (Note: if you notice significant breakage, you might try1
combined with anXOriginTrimmingPolicy
tweak below.) Source - 0 = Send
Referer
in all cases - 1 = Send
Referer
to same eTLD sites - 2 = Send
Referer
only when the full hostnames match - network.http.referer.XOriginTrimmingPolicy = 2
- When sending
Referer
across origins, only send scheme, host, and port in theReferer
header of cross-origin requests. Source - 0 = Send full url in
Referer
- 1 = Send url without query string in
Referer
- 2 = Only send scheme, host, and port in
Referer
- webgl.disabled = true
- WebGL is a potential security risk. Source
- browser.sessionstore.privacy_level = 2
- This preference controls when to store extra information about a session: contents of forms, scrollbar positions, cookies, and POST data. Details
- 0 = Store extra session data for any site. (Default starting with Firefox 4.)
- 1 = Store extra session data for unencrypted (non-HTTPS) sites only. (Default before Firefox 4.)
- 2 = Never store extra session data.
- network.IDN_show_punycode = true
- Not rendering IDNs as their punycode equivalent leaves you open to phishing attacks that can be very difficult to notice. Source
Related Information
- ffprofile.com - Helps you to create a Firefox profile with the defaults you like.
- mozillazine.org - Security and privacy-related preferences.
- user.js Firefox hardening stuff - This is a user.js configuration file for Mozilla Firefox that's supposed to harden Firefox's settings and make it more secure.
- Privacy Settings - A Firefox addon to alter built-in privacy settings easily with a toolbar panel.
Interesting Email Providers Under Development
- Confidant Mail - An open-source non-SMTP cryptographic email system optimized for large file attachments. It is a secure and spam-resistant alternative to regular email and online file drop services. It uses GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) for content encryption and authentication, and TLS 1.2 with ephemeral keys for transport encryption.
Become Your Own Email Provider with Mail-in-a-Box
![Mail-in-a-Box](img/provider/Mail-in-a-Box.gif)
Take it a step further and get control of your email with this easy-to-deploy mail server in a box. Mail-in-a-Box lets you become your own mail service provider in a few easy steps. It’s sort of like making your own gmail, but one you control from top to bottom. Technically, Mail-in-a-Box turns a fresh cloud computer into a working mail server. But you don’t need to be a technology expert to set it up. More: https://mailinabox.email/
Privacy Email Tools
- gpg4usb - A very easy to use and small portable editor to encrypt and decrypt any text-message or -file. For Windows and Linux. GPG tutorial.
- Mailvelope - A browser extension that enables the exchange of encrypted emails following the OpenPGP encryption standard.
- Enigmail - A security extension to Thunderbird and Seamonkey. It enables you to write and receive email messages signed and/or encrypted with the OpenPGP standard.
- TorBirdy - This extension configures Thunderbird to make connections over the Tor anonymity network.
- Email Privacy Tester - This tool will send an Email to your address and perform privacy related tests.
Related Information
- Aging ‘Privacy’ Law Leaves Cloud E-Mail Open to Cops - Data stored in the cloud for longer than 6 months is considered abandoned and may be accessed by intelligence agencies without a warrant. Learning: Use an external email client like Thunderbird or Enigmail, download your emails and store them locally. Never leave them on the server.
- OpenMailBox keeps one year logs of meta-data - Forum discussion, reply of the server admin.
- With May First/Riseup Server Seizure, FBI Overreaches Yet Again
- Autistici/Inventati server compromised - The cryptographic services offered by the Autistici/Inventati server have been compromised on 15th June 2004. It was discovered on 21st June 2005. One year later. During an enquiry on a single mailbox, the Postal Police may have tapped for a whole year every user's private communication going through the server autistici.org/inventati.org.
Worth Mentioning
- K-9 Mail - An independent mail application for Android. It supports both POP3 and IMAP mailboxes, but only supports push mail for IMAP.
- GNU Privacy Guard - Email Encryption. GnuPG is a GPL Licensed alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. Tutorial. Use GPGTools for macOS.
- Mailpile (Beta) - A modern, fast web-mail client with user-friendly encryption and privacy features.
I2P-Bote
I2P-Bote is a fully decentralized and distributed email system. It supports different identities and does not expose email headers. Currently (2015), it is still
in beta version and can be accessed via its web application interface or IMAP and SMTP. All bote-mails are transparently end-to-end encrypted and, optionally, signed by the sender's private key.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, BSD / Solaris.
Bitmessage
Bitmessage is a P2P communications protocol used to send encrypted messages to another person or to many subscribers. It is decentralized and trustless,
meaning that you need-not inherently trust any entities like root certificate authorities. It uses strong authentication which means that the sender of a message cannot be spoofed, and it aims to hide "non-content" data.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
searx
An open source metasearch engine, aggregating the results of other search engines while not storing information about its users. No logs, no ads and no tracking.
DuckDuckGo
The search engine that doesn't track you. Some of DuckDuckGo's code is free software hosted at GitHub, but the core is proprietary. The company is based in the USA.
Firefox Addon
- Google search link fix - Firefox extension that prevents Google and Yandex search pages from modifying search result links when you click them. This is useful when copying links but it also helps privacy by preventing the search engines from recording your clicks. (Open Source)
Worth Mentioning
- findx - Open Source. No logging. No tracking. Transparent algorithms. Hosted in Europe.
- Qwant - Qwant's philosophy is based on two principles: no user tracking and no filter bubble. Qwant was launched in France in February 2013. Privacy Policy.
- MetaGer - An open source metasearch engine, which is based in Germany. It focuses on protecting the user's privacy.
- ixquick.eu - Returns the top results from multiple search engines. Based in the Netherlands.
Mobile: Signal
Signal is a mobile app developed by Open Whisper Systems. The app provides instant messaging, as well as voice and video calling.
All communications are end-to-end encrypted. Signal is free and open source, enabling anyone to verify its security by auditing the code. The development team is supported by community donations and grants. There are no advertisements,
and it doesn't cost anything to use.
Warning: Requires a mobile number to register but you can securely use a disposable number.
OS: Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Debian-based Linux
Wire
Wire is an app developed by Wire Swiss GmbH.
The Wire app allows users to exchange end-to-end encrypted instant messages, as well as make voice and video calls. Wire is free and open source, enabling anyone to verify its security by auditing the code.
The development team is backed by Iconical and they will monetize in the future with premium features/services.
Caution: The company keeps a list of all the users you contact until you delete your account.
OS: Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Linux, Web
Desktop: Ricochet
Ricochet uses the Tor network to reach your contacts without relying on messaging servers. It creates a hidden service, which is used to rendezvous with
your contacts without revealing your location or IP address. Instead of a username, you get a unique address that looks like ricochet:rs7ce36jsj24ogfw. Other Ricochet users can use this address to send a contact request - asking to be
added to your contacts list.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Worth Mentioning
- ChatSecure - ChatSecure is a free and open source messaging app that features OTR encryption over XMPP.
- Cryptocat - Encrypted open source messenger. Supports file sharing and multiple devices. Available for Windows, Linux and macOS.
- Kontalk - A community-driven instant messaging network. Supports end-to-end encryption. Both client-to-server and server-to-server channels are fully encrypted.
- Conversations - An open source Jabber/XMPP client for Android 4.4+ smart phones. Supports end-to-end encryption with either OMEMO or openPGP. There is also Conversations Legacy which still supports OTR.
- List of OTR Clients - Wikipedia
- The Matrix protocol and it's various clients such as Riot.im. A successor of XMPP.
Related Information
- Ricochet, the Messenger That Beats Metadata, Passes Security Audit | Motherboard
- Chatting in Secret While We're All Being Watched - firstlook.org
- Advanced users with special needs can download the Signal APK directly. Most users should not do this under normal circumstances.
- Secure Messaging App Wire Stores Everyone You've Ever Contacted in Plain Text | Motherboard
- Telegram encryption isn't secure.
- Telegram is marketed as a private messenger, but it's not private by default.
Mobile: Signal
Signal is a mobile app developed by Open Whisper Systems. The app provides instant messaging, as well as voice and video calling.
All communications are end-to-end encrypted. Signal is free and open source, enabling anyone to verify its security by auditing the code. The development team is supported by community donations and grants. There are no advertisements,
and it doesn't cost anything to use.
OS: iOS, Android.
Wire
Wire is an app developed by Wire Swiss GmbH.
The Wire app allows users to exchange end-to-end encrypted instant messages, as well as make voice and video calls. Wire is free and open source, enabling anyone to verify its security by auditing the code.
The development team is backed by Iconical and they will monetize in the future with premium features/services.
Caution: The company keeps a list of all the users you contact until you delete your account.
OS: Android, iOS, macOS, Windows, Linux, Web
Worth Mentioning
- Jitsi - Jitsi is a free and open source multiplatform voice (VoIP), videoconferencing and instant messaging application.
- Tox - A free and open-source, peer-to-peer, encrypted instant messaging and video calling software.
- Ring (formerly SFLphone) - Gives you a full control over your communications and an unmatched level of privacy.
Related Information
- Advanced users with special needs can download the Signal APK directly. Most users should not do this under normal circumstances.
- Secure Messaging App Wire Stores Everyone You've Ever Contacted in Plain Text | Motherboard
OnionShare
OnionShare is an open source tool that lets you securely and anonymously share a file of any size.
It works by starting a web server, making it accessible as a Tor onion service, and generating an unguessable URL to access and download the files. It doesn't require setting up a server on the internet somewhere or using a third party filesharing service. You host the file on your own computer and use a Tor onion service to make it temporarily accessible over the internet.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Magic Wormhole
Get things from one computer to another, safely.
This package provides a library and a command-line tool named wormhole, which makes it possible to get arbitrary-sized files and directories (or short pieces of text) from one computer to another. The two endpoints are identified by using identical "wormhole codes": in general, the sending machine generates and displays the code, which must then be typed into the receiving machine.
The codes are short and human-pronounceable, using a phonetically-distinct wordlist. The receiving side offers tab-completion on the codewords, so usually only a few characters must be typed. Wormhole codes are single-use and do not need to be memorized.
OS: cross-platform (python)
Nextcloud - Choose your hoster
Similar functionally to the widely used Dropbox, with the difference being that Nextcloud is free and open-source, and thereby allowing anyone to install and operate it without charge on a private server, with no limits on storage space or the number of connected clients.
Client OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD, Unix, iOS, Android, Fire OS. Server: Linux.
Least Authority S4 - For Experts
S4 (Simple Secure Storage Service) is Least Authority's verifiably secure off-site backup system for individuals and businesses. 100% client-side encryption and open
source transparency. 250GB for $9.95/month or 5TB for $25.95/month. Servers are hosted with Amazon S3 in the US.
OS: Linux, Windows, macOS, OpenSolaris, BSD. (Installation for advanced users)
Related Information
- Cryptomator - Free client-side AES encryption for your cloud files. Open source software: No backdoors, no registration.
Tahoe-LAFS
Tahoe-LAFS is a Free and Open decentralized cloud storage system. It distributes your data across multiple servers. Even if some of the servers fail or are
taken over by an attacker, the entire file store continues to function correctly, preserving your privacy and security.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Nextcloud
Similar functionally to the widely used Dropbox, with the difference being that Nextcloud is free and open-source, and thereby allowing anyone to install and operate it without charge on a private server, with no limits on storage space or the number of connected clients.
Client OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD, Unix, iOS, Android, Fire OS. Server: Linux.
Worth Mentioning
- Muonium - Free encrypted cloud storage for your files.
Syncthing
Syncthing replaces proprietary sync and cloud services with something open, trustworthy and decentralized. Your data is your data alone and you deserve to
choose where it is stored, if it is shared with some third party and how it's transmitted over the Internet.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, BSD, Solaris.
Worth Mentioning
- git-annex - Allows managing files with git, without checking the file contents into git. While that may seem paradoxical, it is useful when dealing with files larger than git can currently easily handle, whether due to limitations in memory, time, or disk space.
Master Password - Cross-platform
Master Password is based on an ingenious password generation algorithm that guarantees your passwords can never be lost. Its passwords aren't stored:
they are generated on-demand from your name, the site and your master password. No syncing, backups or internet access needed.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, Web.
KeePass / KeePassX - Local
KeePass is a free open source password manager, which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way. All passwords in one database, which is locked with one
master key or a key file. The databases are encrypted using the best and most secure encryption algorithms currently known: AES and Twofish. See also: KeePassX (not regularly updated) and KeePassXC.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, BSD.
LessPass - Browser
LessPass is a free and open source password manager that generates unique passwords for websites, email accounts, or anything else based on a master password and information you know. No sync needed. Uses PBKDF2 and SHA-256. It's advised to use the browser addons for more security.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android
Worth Mentioning
- Secure Password Generator - generates a unique set of custom, high quality, cryptographic-strength password strings which are safe for you to use.
- SuperGenPass - A master password and the domain name of the Web site you are visiting is used as the “seed” for a one-way hash algorithm (base-64 MD5). The output of this algorithm is your generated password. You remember one password (your “master password”), and SGP uses it to generate unique, complex passwords for the Web sites you visit. Your generated passwords are never stored or transmitted, so you can use SGP on as many computers as you like without having to “sync” anything.
- Password Safe - Whether the answer is one or hundreds, Password Safe allows you to safely and easily create a secured and encrypted user name/password list. With Password Safe all you have to do is create and remember a single "Master Password" of your choice in order to unlock and access your entire user name/password list.
Related Information
Nextcloud
NextCloud is a suite of client-server software for creating and using file hosting services. This includes calendar sync via CalDAV and contacts sync via CardDAV. Nextcloud is free and open-source, thereby allowing anyone to install and operate it without charge on a private server.
Client OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, BSD, Unix, iOS, Android, Fire OS. Server OS: Linux.
Email Providers
Many email providers also offer calendar and or contacts sync services. Refer to the Email Providers section to choose an email provider and check if they also offer calendar and or contacts sync.
OS: depends on email provider.
EteSync
EteSync is a secure, end-to-end encrypted and journaled personal information (e.g. contacts and calendar) cloud synchronization and backup for Android and any OS that supports CalDAV/CardDAV. It costs $14 per year to use, or you can host the server yourself for free.
Client OS: Android, Web. Server OS: Linux.
Worth Mentioning
- fruux - a unified contacts/calendaring system that works across platforms and devices.
- Flock - a discontinued calendar and contacts sync service by Open Whisper Systems. Despite being shut down the source code is still available on GitHub.
- cloud backups - consider regularly exporting your calendar and or contacts and backing them up on a separate storage drive or uploading them to cloud storage (ideally after encrypting them).
Who is required to hand over the encryption keys to authorities?
Mandatory key disclosure laws require individuals to turn over encryption keys to law enforcement conducting a criminal investigation. How these laws are implemented (who may be legally compelled to assist) vary from nation to nation, but a warrant is generally required. Defenses against key disclosure laws include steganography and encrypting data in a way that provides plausible deniability.
Steganography involves hiding sensitive information (which may be encrypted) inside of ordinary data (for example, encrypting an image file and then hiding it in an audio file). With plausible deniability, data is encrypted in a way that prevents an adversary from being able to prove that the information they are after exists (for example, one password may decrypt benign data and another password, used on the same file, could decrypt sensitive data).
Key disclosure laws apply
2. Australia
3. Canada
4. France
5. India
6. Norway
7. Russia
8. South Africa
9. United Kingdom
Key disclosure laws may apply
2. Finland *
3. New Zealand (unclear)
4. Sweden (proposed)
5. The Netherlands *
6. United States (see related information)
Key disclosure laws don't apply
* (people who know how to access a system may be ordered to share their knowledge, however, this doesn't apply to the suspect itself or family members.)
Related Information
- Wikipedia page on key disclosure law
- law.stackexchange.com question about key disclosure law in US
- DEFCON 20: Crypto and the Cops: the Law of Key Disclosure and Forced Decryption
VeraCrypt - Disk Encryption
VeraCrypt is a source-available freeware utility used for on-the-fly encryption. It can create a virtual encrypted disk within a file or encrypt a partition
or the entire storage device with pre-boot authentication. VeraCrypt is a fork of the discontinued TrueCrypt project. It was initially released on June 22, 2013. According to its developers, security improvements have been implemented and issues
raised by the initial TrueCrypt code audit have been addressed.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
GNU Privacy Guard - Email Encryption
GnuPG is a GPL Licensed alternative to the PGP suite of cryptographic software. GnuPG is compliant with RFC 4880, which is the current IETF standards track specification
of OpenPGP. Current versions of PGP (and Veridis' Filecrypt) are interoperable with GnuPG and other OpenPGP-compliant systems. GnuPG is a part of the Free Software Foundation's GNU software project, and has received major funding from the German
government. GPGTools for macOS.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, BSD.
PeaZip - File Archive Encryption
PeaZip is a free and open-source file manager and file archiver made by Giorgio Tani. It supports its native PEA archive format (featuring compression, multi volume
split and flexible authenticated encryption and integrity check schemes) and other mainstream formats, with special focus on handling open formats. It supports 181 file extensions (as of version 5.5.1).
macOS alternative: Keka is a free file archiver.
OS: Windows, Linux, BSD.
Worth Mentioning
- Cryptomator - Free client-side AES encryption for your cloud files. Open source software: No backdoors, no registration.
- miniLock - Browser plugin for Google Chrome / Chromium to encrypt files using a secret passphrase. Easy to use. From the developer of Cryptocat.
- AES Crypt - Using a powerful 256-bit encryption algorithm, AES Crypt can safely secure your most sensitive files. For Windows, macOS, Linux and Android.
- DiskCryptor - A full disk and partition encryption system for Windows including the ability to encrypt the partition and disk on which the OS is installed.
- Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) - A full disk encryption system for Linux using dm-crypt as the disk encryption backend. Included by default in Ubuntu. Available for Windows and Linux.
Tor Project
The Tor network is a group of volunteer-operated servers that allows people to improve their privacy and security on the Internet. Tor's users employ this network by connecting through a series of virtual tunnels rather than making a direct connection, thus allowing both organizations and individuals to share information over public networks without compromising their privacy. Tor is an effective censorship circumvention tool.
I2P Anonymous Network
The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is a computer network layer that allows applications to send messages to each other pseudonymously and securely. Uses include anonymous
Web surfing, chatting, blogging and file transfers. The software that implements this layer is called an I2P router and a computer running I2P is called an I2P node. The software is free and open source and is published under multiple licenses.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, BSD / Solaris.
The Freenet Project
Freenet is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant communication. It uses a decentralized distributed data store to keep and deliver information, and
has a suite of free software for publishing and communicating on the Web without fear of censorship. Both Freenet and some of its associated tools were originally designed by Ian Clarke, who defined Freenet's goal as providing freedom of speech
on the Internet with strong anonymity protection.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Worth Mentioning
- ZeroNet - Open, free and uncensorable websites, using Bitcoin cryptography and BitTorrent network.
- RetroShare - Open Source cross-platform, Friend-2-Friend and secure decentralised communication platform.
- GNUnet - GNUnet provides a strong foundation of free software for a global, distributed network that provides security and privacy.
- IPFS - A peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol to make the web faster, safer, and more open. (important privacy warning)
diaspora*
diaspora* is based on three key philosophies: Decentralization, freedom and privacy. It is intended to address privacy concerns related to centralized social
networks by allowing users set up their own server (or "pod") to host content; pods can then interact to share status updates, photographs, and other social data.
Friendica
Friendica has an emphasis on extensive privacy settings and easy server installation. It aims to federate with as many other social networks as possible. Currently,
Friendica users can integrate contacts from Facebook, Twitter, Diaspora, GNU social, App.net, Pump.io and other services in their social streams.
GNU social
While offering functionality similar to Twitter, GNU social seeks to provide the potential for open, inter-service and distributed communications between
microblogging communities. Enterprises and individuals can install and control their own services and data. Notable public deployments are quitter.se and gnusocial.no.
Worth Mentioning
- Mastodon - An open sourced, free and decentralized social network built on top of GNU Social.
Related Information
- Facebook Container by Mozilla - Prevent Facebook from tracking you around the web.
- Delete your Facebook account - Direct link to delete your Facebook account without being able to reactivate it again.
- How To Permanently Delete A Facebook Account - This guide will take you through a smooth and successful Facebook account deletion.
Njalla - Domain Registration
DNSCrypt - Tool
A protocol for securing communications between a client and a DNS resolver. The DNSCrypt protocol uses high-speed high-security elliptic-curve cryptography and
is very similar to DNSCurve, but focuses on securing communications between a client and its first-level resolver.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android, BSD
OpenNIC - Service
OpenNIC is an alternate network information center/alternative DNS root which lists itself as an alternative to ICANN and its registries. Like all alternative
root DNS systems, OpenNIC-hosted domains are unreachable to the vast majority of the Internet. Only specific configuration in one's DNS resolver makes these reachable, and very few Internet service providers have this configuration.
Worth Mentioning
- NoTrack - A network-wide DNS server which blocks Tracking sites. Currently works in Debian and Ubuntu.
- Namecoin - A decentralized DNS open source information registration and transfer system based on the Bitcoin cryptocurrency.
Worth Mentioning
- Paperwork - Open source and self-hosted solution. For PHP / MySQL servers.
- Org-mode - A major mode for GNU Emacs. Org-mode is for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system.
Worth Mentioning
- disroot.org - Free privacy friendly service that offers PrivateBin and other applications.
- hastebin.com - Haste is an open-source pastebin software written in node.js, which is easily installable in any network.
Etherpad
Etherpad is a highly customizable Open Source online editor providing collaborative editing in really real-time. Etherpad allows you to edit documents collaboratively
in real-time, much like a live multi-player editor that runs in your browser. Write articles, press releases, to-do lists, etc.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Write.as
Write.as is a cross-platform, privacy-oriented blogging platform. It's anonymous by default, letting you publish without signing up. If you create an account, it doesn't require any personal information. No ads, distraction-free, and built on a sustainable business model.
OS: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, Web.
ProtectedText
Worth Mentioning
- EtherCalc - EtherCalc is a web spreadsheet. Data is saved on the web, and people can edit the same document at the same time. Changes are instantly reflected on all screens. Work together on inventories, survey forms, list management, brainstorming sessions.
- disroot.org - Free privacy friendly service that offers Etherpad, EtherCalc and PrivateBin.
- dudle - An online scheduling application, which is free and OpenSource. Schedule meetings or make small online polls. No email collection or the need of registration.
Warning
Worth Mentioning
- OpenBSD - A project that produces a free, multi-platform 4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system. Emphasizes portability, standardization, correctness, proactive security and integrated cryptography.
- Arch Linux - A simple, lightweight Linux distribution. It is composed predominantly of free and open-source software, and supports community involvement. Parabola is a completely open source version of Arch Linux.
- Whonix - A Debian GNU/Linux based security-focused Linux distribution. It aims to provide privacy, security and anonymity on the internet. The operating system consists of two virtual machines, a "Workstation" and a Tor "Gateway". All communication are forced through the Tor network to accomplish this.
- Subgraph OS - Another Debian based Linux distribution, it features security hardening which makes it more resistant to security vulnerabilities. Subgraph runs many desktop applications in a security sandbox to limit their risk in case of compromise. By default, it anonymizes Internet traffic by sending it through the Tor network. Note: It is still in alpha, and much testing and bug fixing still has to be done.
Tails
Tails is a live operating system, that starts on almost any computer from a DVD, USB stick, or SD card. It aims at preserving privacy and anonymity, and helps to:
Use the Internet anonymously and circumvent censorship; Internet connections go through the Tor network; leave no trace on the computer; use state-of-the-art cryptographic tools to encrypt files, emails and instant messaging.
KNOPPIX
Knoppix is an operating system based on Debian designed to be run directly from a CD / DVD (Live CD) or a USB flash drive (Live USB), one of the first of its kind
for any operating system. When starting a program, it is loaded from the removable medium and decompressed into a RAM drive. The decompression is transparent and on-the-fly.
Puppy Linux
Worth Mentioning
- Tiny Core Linux - A minimal Linux operating system focusing on providing a base system using BusyBox and FLTK. The distribution is notable for its size (15 MB) and minimalism, with additional functionality provided by extensions.
Worth Mentioning
- Replicant - An open-source operating system based on Android, aiming to replace all proprietary components with free software.
- OmniROM - A free software operating system for smartphones and tablet computers, based on the Android mobile platform.
- MicroG - A project that aims to reimplement the proprietary Google Play Services in the Android operating sytem with a FLOSS replacement.
Control your traffic with "NetGuard"
![NetGuard](img/addons/netguard.gif)
NetGuard provides simple and advanced ways to block certain apps' access to the internet without the help of root privileges. Applications and addresses can individually be allowed or denied access to your Wi-Fi and/or mobile connection, allowing you to control which apps are able to call home or not. https://www.netguard.me/
Manage your apps' permissions with XPrivacyLua
![XPrivacyLua](img/addons/xprivacylua.gif)
Revoking Android permissions from apps often let apps crash or malfunction. XPrivacyLua solves this by feeding apps fake data instead of real data. https://lua.xprivacy.eu/
Requirements: Magisk (xda-developers) Xposed Framework (xda-developers)
OpenWrt
OpenWrt is an operating system (in particular, an embedded operating system) based on the Linux kernel, primarily used on embedded devices to route network traffic.
The main components are the Linux kernel, util-linux, uClibc and BusyBox. All components have been optimized for size, to be small enough for fitting into the limited storage and memory available in home routers.
pfSense
pfSense is an open source firewall/router computer software distribution based on FreeBSD. It is installed on a computer to make a dedicated firewall/router for
a network and is noted for its reliability and offering features often only found in expensive commercial firewalls. pfSense is commonly deployed as a perimeter firewall, router, wireless access point, DHCP server, DNS server, and as a VPN endpoint.
LibreCMC
LibreCMC is a GNU/Linux-libre distribution for computers with minimal resources, such as the Ben Nanonote, ath9k-based Wi-Fi routers, and other hardware with emphasis on free software.
The project's current goal is to aim for compliance with the GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) and ensure that the project continues to meet these requirements set forth by the Free Software Foundation (FSF).
Worth Mentioning
- OpenBSD - A project that produces a free, multi-platform 4.4BSD-based UNIX-like operating system. Emphasizes portability, standardization, correctness, proactive security and integrated cryptography.
- DD-WRT - A is Linux-based firmware for wireless routers and wireless access points. It is compatible with several models of routers and access points.
![Windows 10 Privacy](img/layout/Windows-10-Privacy.jpg)
- Data syncing is by default enabled.
- Browsing history and open websites.
- Apps settings.
- WiFi hotspot names and passwords.
- Your device is by default tagged with a unique advertising ID.
- Used to serve you with personalized advertisements by third-party advertisers and ad networks.
- Cortana can collect any of your data.
- Your keystrokes, searches and mic input.
- Calendar data.
- Music you listen to.
- Credit Card information.
- Purchases.
- Microsoft can collect any personal data.
- Your identity.
- Passwords.
- Demographics.
- Interests and habits.
- Usage data.
- Contacts and relationships.
- Location data.
- Content like emails, instant messages, caller list, audio and video recordings.
- Your data can be shared.
- When downloading Windows 10, you are authorizing Microsoft to share any of above mentioned data with any third-party, with or without your consent.
Some good news
- WindowsSpyBlocker - Open source tool that blocks data collection.
- Comparison of Windows 10 Privacy tools - ghacks.net
- Fix Windows 10 privacy. - fix10.isleaked.com
- Windows 10 doesn’t offer much privacy by default: Here’s how to fix it. - Ars Technica.
- Guide: How to disable data logging in W10.
More bad news
- Windows 10 Sends Your Data 5500 Times Every Day Even After Tweaking Privacy Settings - The Hacker News.
- Even when told not to, Windows 10 just can’t stop talking to Microsoft. It's no wonder that privacy activists are up in arms. - Ars Technica.
- Windows 10 Reserves The Right To Block Pirated Games And 'Unauthorized' Hardware. - Techdirt.
Arguing that you don't care about the right to privacy because you have nothing to hide is no different than saying you don't care about free speech because you have nothing to say.
The NSA has built an infrastructure that allows it to intercept almost everything. With this capability, the vast majority of human communications are automatically ingested without targeting. If I wanted to see your emails or your wife's phone, all I have to do is use intercepts. I can get your emails, passwords, phone records, credit cards. I don't want to live in a society that does these sort of things... I do not want to live in a world where everything I do and say is recorded. That is not something I am willing to support or live under.
We all need places where we can go to explore without the judgmental eyes of other people being cast upon us, only in a realm where we’re not being watched can we really test the limits of who we want to be. It’s really in the private realm where dissent, creativity and personal exploration lie.
Guides
- Surveillance Self-Defense by EFF - Guide to defending yourself from surveillance by using secure technology and developing careful practices.
- The Crypto Paper - Privacy, Security and Anonymity for Every Internet User.
- Email Self-Defense by FSF - A guide to fighting surveillance with GnuPG encryption.
- The Ultimate Privacy Guide - Excellent privacy guide written by the creators of the bestVPN.com website.
- IVPN Privacy Guides - These privacy guides explain how to obtain vastly greater freedom, privacy and anonymity through compartmentalization and isolation.
- The Ultimate Guide to Online Privacy - Comprehensive "Ninja Privacy Tips" and 150+ tools.
Information
- r/privacytoolsIO Wiki - Our Wiki on reddit.com.
- Security Now! - Weekly Internet Security Podcast by Steve Gibson and Leo Laporte.
- TechSNAP - Weekly Systems, Network, and Administration Podcast. Every week TechSNAP covers the stories that impact those of us in the tech industry.
- Keybase.io - Get a public key, safely, starting just with someone's social media username.
- Freedom of the Press Foundation - Supporting and defending journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability since 2012.
- Erfahrungen.com - German review aggregator website of privacy related services.
- Terms of Service; Didn't Read - “I have read and agree to the Terms” is the biggest lie on the web. We aim to fix that.
Tools
- ipleak.net - IP/DNS Detect - What is your IP, what is your DNS, what informations you send to websites.
- The ultimate Online Privacy Test Resource List - A collection of Internet sites that check whether your web browser leaks information.
- PRISM Break - We all have a right to privacy, which you can exercise today by encrypting your communications and ending your reliance on proprietary services.
- Security in-a-Box - A guide to digital security for activists and human rights defenders throughout the world.
- AlternativeTo.net - Great collection of open source online and self-hosted software sorted by likes.
- SecureDrop - An open-source whistleblower submission system that media organizations can use to securely accept documents from and communicate with anonymous sources. It was originally created by the late Aaron Swartz and is currently managed by Freedom of the Press Foundation.
- Reset The Net - Privacy Pack - Help fight to end mass surveillance. Get these tools to protect yourself and your friends.
- Security First - Umbrella is an Android app that provides all the advice needed to operate safely in a hostile environment.
- Block Cloudflare MiTM Attack - Firefox add-on to detect and block corporate MITM attack.
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