mirror of
https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git
synced 2025-05-02 06:16:27 -04:00
feat: Split up Android Mobile Phones page sidebar (#2620)
Signed-off-by: Daniel Gray <dngray@privacyguides.org>
This commit is contained in:
parent
f399643dff
commit
f16ed5024b
12 changed files with 541 additions and 480 deletions
108
docs/android/distributions.md
Normal file
108
docs/android/distributions.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
meta_title: "The Best Custom Android OSes (aka Custom ROMs) - Privacy Guides"
|
||||
title: "Alternative Distributions"
|
||||
description: You can replace the operating system on your Android phone with these secure and privacy-respecting alternatives.
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Private Android Operating Systems
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: GrapheneOS
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/grapheneos.svg
|
||||
url: https://grapheneos.org/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrapheneOS
|
||||
subjectOf:
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Divest
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/divestos.svg
|
||||
url: https://divestos.org/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivestOS
|
||||
subjectOf:
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
---
|
||||
A **custom Android-based operating system** (often known as a **custom ROM**) is a popular way to achieve higher levels of privacy and security on your device. This is in contrast to the "stock" version of Android which comes with your phone from the factory, and is often deeply integrated with Google Play Services.
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend installing one of these custom Android operating systems on your device, listed in order of preference, depending on your device's compatibility with these operating systems.
|
||||
|
||||
## AOSP Derivatives
|
||||
|
||||
### GrapheneOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**GrapheneOS** is the best choice when it comes to privacy and security.
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS provides additional [security hardening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardening_(computing)) and privacy improvements. It has a [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), network and sensor permissions, and various other [security features](https://grapheneos.org/features). GrapheneOS also comes with full firmware updates and signed builds, so verified boot is fully supported.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://grapheneos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://grapheneos.org/source){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS supports [Sandboxed Google Play](https://grapheneos.org/usage#sandboxed-google-play), which runs [Google Play Services](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Play_Services) fully sandboxed like any other regular app. This means you can take advantage of most Google Play Services, such as [push notifications](https://firebase.google.com/docs/cloud-messaging), while giving you full control over their permissions and access, and while containing them to a specific [work profile](../os/android-overview.md#work-profile) or [user profile](../os/android-overview.md#user-profiles) of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
[Google Pixel phones](../mobile-phones.md#google-pixel) are the only devices that currently meet GrapheneOS's [hardware security requirements](https://grapheneos.org/faq#future-devices).
|
||||
|
||||
### DivestOS
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**DivestOS** is a soft-fork of [LineageOS](https://lineageos.org).
|
||||
DivestOS inherits many [supported devices](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=devices&base=LineageOS) from LineageOS. It has signed builds, making it possible to have [verified boot](https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot) on some non-Pixel devices.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://divestos.org){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:simple-torbrowser:](http://divestoseb5nncsydt7zzf5hrfg44md4bxqjs5ifcv4t7gt7u6ohjyyd.onion){ .card-link title="Onion Service" }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=privacy_policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://divestos.org/index.php?page=faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/divested-mobile){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://divested.dev/pages/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS has automated kernel vulnerability ([CVE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures)) [patching](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/cve_checker), fewer proprietary blobs, and a custom [hosts](https://divested.dev/index.php?page=dnsbl) file. Its hardened WebView, [Mulch](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/mulch), enables [CFI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_integrity) for all architectures and [network state partitioning](https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Web/Privacy/State_Partitioning), and receives out-of-band updates.
|
||||
DivestOS also includes kernel patches from GrapheneOS and enables all available kernel security features via [defconfig hardening](https://github.com/Divested-Mobile/DivestOS-Build/blob/master/Scripts/Common/Functions.sh#L758). All kernels newer than version 3.4 include full page [sanitization](https://lwn.net/Articles/334747) and all ~22 Clang-compiled kernels have [`-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero`](https://reviews.llvm.org/D54604?id=174471) enabled.
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS implements some system hardening patches originally developed for GrapheneOS. DivestOS 16.0 and higher implements GrapheneOS's [`INTERNET`](https://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting) and SENSORS permission toggle, [hardened memory allocator](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/hardened_malloc), [exec-spawning](https://grapheneos.org/usage#exec-spawning), [JNI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Native_Interface) [constification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Const_(computer_programming)), and partial [bionic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bionic_(software)) hardening patchsets. 17.1 and higher features GrapheneOS's per-network full [MAC randomization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Randomization) option, [`ptrace_scope`](https://kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/LSM/Yama.html) control, [automatic reboot](https://grapheneos.org/features#auto-reboot), and Wi-Fi/Bluetooth [timeout options](https://grapheneos.org/features#attack-surface-reduction).
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS uses F-Droid as its default app store. We normally [recommend avoiding F-Droid](obtaining-apps.md#f-droid), but doing so on DivestOS isn't viable; the developers update their apps via their own F-Droid repositories ([DivestOS Official](https://divestos.org/fdroid/official/?fingerprint=E4BE8D6ABFA4D9D4FEEF03CDDA7FF62A73FD64B75566F6DD4E5E577550BE8467) and [DivestOS WebView](https://divestos.org/fdroid/webview/?fingerprint=FB426DA1750A53D7724C8A582B4D34174E64A84B38940E5D5A802E1DFF9A40D2)). We recommend disabling the official F-Droid app and using [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) **with the DivestOS repositories enabled** to keep those components up to date. For other apps, our recommended methods of obtaining them still apply.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
DivestOS firmware update [status](https://gitlab.com/divested-mobile/firmware-empty/-/blob/master/STATUS) and quality control varies across the devices it supports. We still recommend GrapheneOS depending on your device's compatibility. For other devices, DivestOS is a good alternative.
|
||||
|
||||
Not all of the supported devices have verified boot, and some perform it better than others.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](../about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
||||
|
||||
- Must be open-source software.
|
||||
- Must support bootloader locking with custom AVB key support.
|
||||
- Must receive major Android updates within 0-1 months of release.
|
||||
- Must receive Android feature updates (minor version) within 0-14 days of release.
|
||||
- Must receive regular security patches within 0-5 days of release.
|
||||
- Must **not** be "rooted" out of the box.
|
||||
- Must **not** enable Google Play Services by default.
|
||||
- Must **not** require system modification to support Google Play Services.
|
127
docs/android/general-apps.md
Normal file
127
docs/android/general-apps.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "General Apps"
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: General Android Apps
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Shelter
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Secure Camera
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": MobileApplication
|
||||
name: Secure PDF Viewer
|
||||
applicationCategory: Utilities
|
||||
operatingSystem: Android
|
||||
---
|
||||
We recommend a wide variety of Android apps throughout this site. The apps listed here are Android-exclusive and specifically enhance or replace key system functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
### Shelter
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Shelter** is an app that helps you leverage Android's Work Profile functionality to isolate or duplicate apps on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter supports blocking contact search cross profiles and sharing files across profiles via the default file manager ([DocumentsUI](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/modular-system/documentsui)).
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter#shelter){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitea.angry.im/PeterCxy/Shelter){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://patreon.com/PeterCxy){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition warning" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Shelter is recommended over [Insular](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular) and [Island](https://github.com/oasisfeng/island) as it supports [contact search blocking](https://secure-system.gitlab.io/Insular/faq.html).
|
||||
|
||||
When using Shelter, you are placing complete trust in its developer, as Shelter acts as a [Device Admin](https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/admin/device-admin) to create the Work Profile, and it has extensive access to the data stored within the Work Profile.
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure Camera
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure Camera** is a camera app focused on privacy and security which can capture images, videos, and QR codes. CameraX vendor extensions (Portrait, HDR, Night Sight, Face Retouch, and Auto) are also supported on available devices.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://grapheneos.org/usage#camera){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.camera.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Main privacy features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Auto removal of [Exif](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exif) metadata (enabled by default)
|
||||
- Use of the new [Media](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage/shared/media) API, therefore [storage permissions](https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage) are not required
|
||||
- Microphone permission not required unless you want to record sound
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||||
|
||||
Metadata is not currently deleted from video files but that is planned.
|
||||
|
||||
The image orientation metadata is not deleted. If you enable location (in Secure Camera) that **won't** be deleted either. If you want to delete that later you will need to use an external app such as [ExifEraser](../data-redaction.md#exiferaser-android).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
### Secure PDF Viewer
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Secure PDF Viewer** is a PDF viewer based on [pdf.js](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF.js) that doesn't require any permissions. The PDF is fed into a [sandboxed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox_(software_development)) [WebView](https://developer.android.com/guide/webapps/webview). This means that it doesn't require permission directly to access content or files.
|
||||
|
||||
[Content-Security-Policy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_Security_Policy) is used to enforce that the JavaScript and styling properties within the WebView are entirely static content.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://grapheneos.org/donate){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=app.grapheneos.pdfviewer.play)
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/PdfViewer/releases)
|
||||
- [:material-cube-outline: GrapheneOS App Store](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
## Criteria
|
||||
|
||||
**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](../about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
|
||||
|
||||
- Applications on this page must not be applicable to any other software category on the site.
|
||||
- General applications should extend or replace core system functionality.
|
||||
- Applications should receive regular updates and maintenance.
|
36
docs/android/index.md
Normal file
36
docs/android/index.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Android"
|
||||
icon: 'simple/android'
|
||||
cover: android.webp
|
||||
schema:
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": WebPage
|
||||
name: Android Recommendations
|
||||
url: "./"
|
||||
-
|
||||
"@context": http://schema.org
|
||||
"@type": CreativeWork
|
||||
name: Android
|
||||
image: /assets/img/android/android.svg
|
||||
url: https://source.android.com/
|
||||
sameAs: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
The **Android Open Source Project** (AOSP) is an open-source mobile operating system led by Google which powers the majority of the world's mobile devices. Most phones sold with Android are modified to include invasive integrations and apps such as Google Play Services, so you can significantly improve your privacy on your mobile device by replacing your phone's default installation with a version of Android without these invasive features.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16:](https://source.android.com){ .card-link title=Homepage }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://source.android.com/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/main){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
We recommend the following Android-specific tools to maximize your mobile device's security and privacy.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Alternative Distributions](distributions.md)
|
||||
- [General Apps](general-apps.md)
|
||||
- [Obtaining Applications](obtaining-apps.md)
|
||||
|
||||
To learn more about Android:
|
||||
|
||||
[General Android Overview :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](../os/android-overview.md){ .md-button }
|
125
docs/android/obtaining-apps.md
Normal file
125
docs/android/obtaining-apps.md
Normal file
|
@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
|
|||
---
|
||||
title: "Obtaining Applications"
|
||||
---
|
||||
There are many ways to obtain Android apps privately, even from the Play Store, without interacting with Google Play Services. We recommend the following methods of obtaining applications on Android, listed in order of preference.
|
||||
|
||||
## Obtainium
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Obtainium** is an app manager which allows you to install and update apps directly from the developer's own releases page (i.e. GitHub, GitLab, the developer's website, etc.), rather than a centralized app store/repository. It supports automatic background updates on Android 12 and higher.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-repo-16: Repository](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium#readme){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/wiki){ .card-link title=Documentation}
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
[:octicons-heart-16:](https://github.com/sponsors/ImranR98){ .card-link title=Contribute }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/ImranR98/Obtainium/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Obtainium allows you to download APK installer files from a wide variety of sources, and it is up to you to ensure those sources and apps are legitimate. For example, using Obtainium to install Signal from [Signal's APK landing page](https://signal.org/android/apk) should be fine, but installing from third-party APK repositories like Aptoide or APKPure may pose additional risks. The risk of installing a malicious *update* is lower, because Android itself verifies that all app updates are signed by the same developer as the existing app on your phone before installing them.
|
||||
|
||||
## GrapheneOS App Store
|
||||
|
||||
GrapheneOS's app store is available on [GitHub](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Apps/releases). It supports Android 12 and above and is capable of updating itself. The app store has standalone applications built by the GrapheneOS project such as the [Auditor](../device-integrity.md#auditor-android), [Camera](general-apps.md#secure-camera), and [PDF Viewer](general-apps.md#secure-pdf-viewer). If you are looking for these applications, we highly recommend that you get them from GrapheneOS's app store instead of the Play Store, as the apps on their store are signed by the GrapheneOS's project own signature that Google does not have access to.
|
||||
|
||||
## Aurora Store
|
||||
|
||||
The Google Play Store requires a Google account to log in, which is not great for privacy. You can get around this by using an alternative client, such as Aurora Store.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition recommendation" markdown>
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right }
|
||||
|
||||
**Aurora Store** is a Google Play Store client which does not require a Google account, Google Play Services, or microG to download apps.
|
||||
|
||||
[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://auroraoss.com){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
|
||||
[:octicons-eye-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/blob/master/POLICY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
|
||||
[:octicons-code-16:](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
|
||||
|
||||
<details class="downloads" markdown>
|
||||
<summary>Downloads</summary>
|
||||
|
||||
- [:simple-gitlab: GitLab](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/releases)
|
||||
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
Aurora Store does not allow you to download paid apps with their anonymous account feature. You can optionally log in with your Google account with Aurora Store to download apps you have purchased, which does give access to the list of apps you've installed to Google. However, you still benefit from not requiring the full Google Play client and Google Play Services or microG on your device.
|
||||
|
||||
## Manually with RSS Notifications
|
||||
|
||||
For apps that are released on platforms like GitHub and GitLab, you may be able to add an RSS feed to your [news aggregator](../news-aggregators.md) that will help you keep track of new releases.
|
||||
|
||||
   
|
||||
|
||||
### GitHub
|
||||
|
||||
On GitHub, using [Secure Camera](general-apps.md#secure-camera) as an example, you would navigate to its [releases page](https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases) and append `.atom` to the URL:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://github.com/GrapheneOS/Camera/releases.atom`
|
||||
|
||||
### GitLab
|
||||
|
||||
On GitLab, using [Aurora Store](#aurora-store) as an example, you would navigate to its [project repository](https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore) and append `/-/tags?format=atom` to the URL:
|
||||
|
||||
`https://gitlab.com/AuroraOSS/AuroraStore/-/tags?format=atom`
|
||||
|
||||
### Verifying APK Fingerprints
|
||||
|
||||
If you download APK files to install manually, you can verify their signature with the [`apksigner`](https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/apksigner) tool, which is a part of Android [build-tools](https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/build-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install [Java JDK](https://oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads).
|
||||
|
||||
2. Download the [Android Studio command line tools](https://developer.android.com/studio#command-tools).
|
||||
|
||||
3. Extract the downloaded archive:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
unzip commandlinetools-*.zip
|
||||
cd cmdline-tools
|
||||
./bin/sdkmanager --sdk_root=./ "build-tools;29.0.3"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
4. Run the signature verification command:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
./build-tools/29.0.3/apksigner verify --print-certs ../Camera-37.apk
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
5. The resulting hashes can then be compared with another source. Some developers such as Signal [show the fingerprints](https://signal.org/android/apk) on their website.
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate DN: CN=GrapheneOS
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-256 digest: 6436b155b917c2f9a9ed1d15c4993a5968ffabc94947c13f2aeee14b7b27ed59
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate SHA-1 digest: 23e108677a2e1b1d6e6b056f3bb951df7ad5570c
|
||||
Signer #1 certificate MD5 digest: dbbcd0cac71bd6fa2102a0297c6e0dd3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## F-Droid
|
||||
|
||||
{ align=right width=120px }
|
||||
|
||||
==We only recommend F-Droid as a way to obtain apps which cannot be obtained via the means above.== F-Droid is often recommended as an alternative to Google Play, particularly within the privacy community. The option to add third-party repositories and not be confined to Google's walled garden has led to its popularity. F-Droid additionally has [reproducible builds](https://f-droid.org/en/docs/Reproducible_Builds) for some applications and is dedicated to free and open-source software. However, there are some security-related downsides to how F-Droid builds, signs, and delivers packages:
|
||||
|
||||
Due to their process of building apps, apps in the *official* F-Droid repository often fall behind on updates. F-Droid maintainers also reuse package IDs while signing apps with their own keys, which is not ideal as it gives the F-Droid team ultimate trust. Additionally, the requirements for an app to be included in the official F-Droid repo are less strict than other app stores like Google Play, meaning that F-Droid tends to host a lot more apps which are older, unmaintained, or otherwise no longer meet [modern security standards](https://developer.android.com/google/play/requirements/target-sdk).
|
||||
|
||||
Other popular third-party repositories for F-Droid such as [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) alleviate some of these concerns. The IzzyOnDroid repository pulls builds directly from GitHub and is the next best thing to the developers' own repositories. However, it is not something that we can fully recommend, as apps are typically [removed](https://github.com/vfsfitvnm/ViMusic/issues/240#issuecomment-1225564446) from that repository if they are later added to the main F-Droid repository. While that makes sense (since the goal of that particular repository is to host apps before they're accepted into the main F-Droid repository), it can leave you with installed apps which no longer receive updates.
|
||||
|
||||
That said, the [F-Droid](https://f-droid.org/en/packages) and [IzzyOnDroid](https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid) repositories are home to countless apps, so they can be a useful tool to search for and discover open-source apps that you can then download through other means such as the Play Store, Aurora Store, or by getting the APK directly from the developer. You should use your best judgement when looking for new apps via this method, and keep an eye on how frequently the app is updated. Outdated apps may rely on unsupported libraries, among other things, posing a potential security risk.
|
||||
|
||||
<div class="admonition note" markdown>
|
||||
<p class="admonition-title">F-Droid Basic</p>
|
||||
|
||||
In some rare cases, the developer of an app will only distribute it through F-Droid ([Gadgetbridge](https://gadgetbridge.org) is one example of this). If you really need an app like that, we recommend using the newer [F-Droid Basic](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.basic) client instead of the original F-Droid app to obtain it. F-Droid Basic supports automatic background updates without privileged extension or root, and has a reduced feature set (limiting attack surface).
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
Loading…
Add table
Add a link
Reference in a new issue