- Always use unique passwords. Don't make yourself a victim of "[credential stuffing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential_stuffing)".
- Store an exported backup of your passwords in an [encrypted container](/file-encryption) on another storage device. This can be useful if something happens to your device or the service you are using.
- If possible store [Time-based one-time password (TOTP)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_one-time_password) tokens in a separate [TOTP app](/multi-factor-authentication) and not your password manager. TOTP codes are generated from a "[shared secret](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-based_one-time_password#Security)". If the secret is obtained by an adversary they can generate TOTP values. Typically, mobile platforms have better app isolation and more secure methods for storing sensitive credentials.
**KeePassXC** is a community fork of KeePassX, a native cross-platform port of KeePass Password Safe, with the goal to extend and improve it with new features and bugfixes to provide a feature-rich, fully cross-platform and modern open-source password manager.
!!! warning
KeepassXC stores its export data as [comma-separated values (CSV)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values). This may mean data loss if you import this file into another password manager. We advise you check each record manually.
**KeepassDX** is a modern password manager which by default stores its database locally and not in the cloud. The [Contributor Pro](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kunzisoft.keepass.pro) package adds some extra features to the app.
For more details, we recommend looking at their [FAQ](https://github.com/Kunzisoft/KeePassDX/wiki/FAQ).
**Bitwarden** is a free and open-source password manager. It aims to solve password management problems for individuals, teams, and business organizations. Bitwarden is among the easiest and safest solutions to store all of your logins and passwords while conveniently keeping them synced between all of your devices. If you don't want to use the Bitwarden cloud, you can easily host your own Bitwarden server.
**Psono** is a free and open source password manager from Germany, with a focus on password management for teams. It can be [self-hosted](/password-management/#password-management-servers). Psono supports secure sharing of passwords, files, bookmarks, and emails. All secrets are protected by a master password.
**Vaultwarden** is an alternative implementation of the Bitwarden server API written in Rust and compatible with upstream Bitwarden clients, perfect for self-hosted deployment where running the official resource-heavy service might not be ideal.
{ align=right }
Psono provides [extensive documentation](https://doc.psono.com/) for their product. The [web-client](https://doc.psono.com/admin/installation/install-webclient.html#installation-with-docker) for Psono can be self hosted; alternatively, you can choose the the full [Community Edition](https://doc.psono.com/admin/installation/install-server-ce.html) or the [Enterprise Edition](https://doc.psono.com/admin/installation/install-server-ee.html) with additional features.
**Pass** is a bare-bones password store that keeps passwords using [GnuPG](https://gnupg.org) encrypted files inside a simple directory tree residing at `~/.password-store`. It has a simple terminal interface where the user can perform the usual actions, and its functionality can be extended by plugins. It can also be used in scripts without having to input the actual password in plain text.
**gopass** is a password manager for the command line written in Go. It works on all major desktop and server operating systems (Linux, MacOS, BSD, Windows).
