If you're looking for additional **privacy** from your ISP, on a public Wi-Fi network, or while torrenting files, a VPN may be the solution for you as long as you understand the risks involved. We think these providers are a cut above the rest:
El uso de una VPN **no** mantendrá tus hábitos de navegación en el anonimato, ni añadirá seguridad adicional al tráfico no seguro (HTTP).
Si estás buscando **anonimato**, deberías usar el navegador Tor **en lugar** de una VPN.
Si buscas mayor **seguridad**, deberías asegurarte siempre de que te conectas a sitios web que utilicen HTTPS. Una VPN no sustituye las buenas prácticas de seguridad.
[Descargar Tor](https://www.torproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary } [Mitos de Tor & FAQ](https://medium.com/privacyguides/slicing-onions-part-1-myth-busting-tor-9ec188ae1904){ .md-button }
Nuestros proveedores recomendados usan encriptación, aceptan Monero, soportan WireGuard & OpenVPN, y tienen una política de no registro. Read our [full list of criteria](#criteria) for more information.
**Proton VPN** es un fuerte contendiente en el espacio de las VPN, y ha estado en funcionamiento desde 2016. Proton AG tiene su sede en Suiza y ofrece un nivel gratuito limitado, así como una opción premium con más funciones.
[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/ProtonVPN){ .card-link title="Source Code" } También pensamos que es mejor para la seguridad de las claves privadas del proveedor de VPN si utilizan [servidores dedicados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), en lugar de soluciones compartidas más baratas (con otros clientes) como los [servidores privados virtuales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
IVPN has [servers in 35 countries](https://www.ivpn.net/server-locations).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. Esto se debe a que es una ruta más corta (menos saltos) hasta el destino.
We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
IVPN has undergone a [no-logging audit from Cure53](https://cure53.de/audit-report_ivpn.pdf) which concluded in agreement with IVPN's no-logging claim. IVPN has also completed a [comprehensive pentest report Cure53](https://cure53.de/summary-report_ivpn_2019.pdf) in January 2020. IVPN has also said they plan to have [annual reports](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/independent-security-audit-concluded) in the future. A further review was conducted [in April 2022](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-apps-security-audit-2022-concluded/) and was produced by Cure53 [on their website](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_IVPN_2022.pdf).
As of February 2020 [IVPN applications are now open-source](https://www.ivpn.net/blog/ivpn-applications-are-now-open-source). Source code can be obtained from their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/ivpn).
In addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, IVPN accepts Bitcoin, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** (on annual plans) as anonymous forms of payment.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } WireGuard Support
Proton VPN soporta principalmente el protocolo WireGuard®. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Además, WireGuard pretende ser más simple y veloz.
IVPN [recommends](https://www.ivpn.net/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service and, as such, the protocol is the default on all of IVPN's apps. IVPN also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).
Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is possible with a Pro plan. Port forwarding [can be activated](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/81/How-do-I-activate-port-forwarding.html) via the client area. Port forwarding is only available on IVPN when using WireGuard or OpenVPN protocols and is [disabled on US servers](https://www.ivpn.net/knowledgebase/116/Port-forwarding-is-not-working-why.html).
In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, IVPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ivpn-serious-privacy-protection/id1193122683), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.ivpn.client), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ivpn/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
Proton VPN tiene sus propios servidores y centros de datos en Suiza, Islandia y Suecia. IVPN also provides "[AntiTracker](https://www.ivpn.net/antitracker)" functionality, which blocks advertising networks and trackers from the network level.
**IVPN** es otro proveedor de VPN premium, y llevan en funcionamiento desde 2009. IVPN tiene su sede en Gibraltar. **Standard USD $60/año** — **Pro USD $100/año**
También pensamos que es mejor para la seguridad de las claves privadas del proveedor de VPN si utilizan [servidores dedicados](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), en lugar de soluciones compartidas más baratas (con otros clientes) como los [servidores privados virtuales](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server). downloads
- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn)
Mullvad has [servers in 41 countries](https://mullvad.net/servers/).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. Esto se debe a que es una ruta más corta (menos saltos) hasta el destino.
We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
Mullvad's VPN clients have been audited by Cure53 and Assured AB in a pentest report [published at cure53.de](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_v2.pdf). The security researchers concluded:
> Cure53 and Assured AB are happy with the results of the audit and the software leaves an overall positive impression. Con la dedicación a la seguridad del equipo interno de Mullvad VPN, los testers no tienen dudas de que el proyecto va por buen camino desde el punto de vista de la seguridad.
In 2020 a second audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/blog/2020/6/25/results-available-audit-mullvad-app/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2020_v2.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website:
> The results of this May-June 2020 project targeting the Mullvad complex are quite positive. [...] El ecosistema general de aplicaciones utilizado por Mullvad deja una impresión sólida y estructurada. La estructura general de la aplicación facilita el despliegue de parches y correcciones de forma estructurada. Más que nada, los hallazgos detectados por Cure53 muestran la importancia de auditar y reevaluar constantemente los vectores de filtración actuales, para garantizar siempre la privacidad de los usuarios finales. With that being said, Mullvad does a great job protecting the end-user from common PII leaks and privacy related risks.
In 2021 an infrastructure audit [was announced](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2021/1/20/no-pii-or-privacy-leaks-found-cure53s-infrastructure-audit/) and the [final audit report](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_2021_v1.pdf) was made available on Cure53's website. Another report was commissioned [in June 2022](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2022/6/22/vpn-server-audit-found-no-information-leakage-or-logging-of-customer-data/) and is available on [Assured's website](https://www.assured.se/publications/Assured_Mullvad_relay_server_audit_report_2022.pdf).
Mullvad provides the source code for their desktop and mobile clients in their [GitHub organization](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app).
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Accepts Cash and Monero
Mullvad, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards and PayPal, accepts Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, **Monero** and **cash/local currency** as anonymous forms of payment. \[WireGuard\](https://www.wireguard.com) es un protocolo más reciente que utiliza \[criptografía\](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/) de última generación.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } WireGuard Support
IVPN soporta el protocolo WireGuard®. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Además, WireGuard pretende ser más simple y veloz.
Mullvad [recommends](https://mullvad.net/en/help/why-wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. It is the default or only protocol on Mullvad's Android, iOS, macOS, and Linux apps, but on Windows you have to [manually enable](https://mullvad.net/en/help/how-turn-wireguard-mullvad-app/) WireGuard. Mullvad also offers a WireGuard configuration generator for use with the official WireGuard [apps](https://www.wireguard.com/install/).
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } IPv6 Support
Mullvad supports the future of networking [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). Their network allows you to [access services hosted on IPv6](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/) as opposed to other providers who block IPv6 connections.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Remote Port Forwarding
Remote [port forwarding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding) is allowed for people who make one-time payments, but not allowed for accounts with a recurring/subscription-based payment method. La aplicación móvil en Android también está disponible en \[F-Droid\](https://f-droid.org/en/packages/net.ivpn.client), lo que garantiza que se compila con \[builds reproducibles\](https://www.f-droid.org/en/2019/05/05/trust-privacy-and-free-software.html). See [Port forwarding with Mullvad VPN](https://mullvad.net/help/port-forwarding-and-mullvad/) for more information.
#### :material-check:{ .pg-green } Mobile Clients
Mullvad has published [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513) and [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn) clients, both supporting an easy-to-use interface as opposed to requiring you to manually configure your WireGuard connection. The Android client is also available on [GitHub](https://github.com/mullvad/mullvadvpn-app/releases).
Mullvad is very transparent about which nodes they [own or rent](https://mullvad.net/en/servers/). They use [ShadowSocks](https://shadowsocks.org/) in their ShadowSocks + OpenVPN configuration, making them more resistant against firewalls with [Deep Packet Inspection](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection) trying to block VPNs. Supposedly, [China has to use a different method to block ShadowSocks servers](https://github.com/net4people/bbs/issues/22). Mullvad's website is also accessible via Tor at [o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion](http://o54hon2e2vj6c7m3aqqu6uyece65by3vgoxxhlqlsvkmacw6a7m7kiad.onion).
Proton VPN has [servers in 67 countries](https://protonvpn.com/vpn-servers).(1) Picking a VPN provider with a server nearest to you will reduce latency of the network traffic you send. Esto se debe a que es una ruta más corta (menos saltos) hasta el destino.
We also think it's better for the security of the VPN provider's private keys if they use [dedicated servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_hosting_service), instead of cheaper shared solutions (with other customers) such as [virtual private servers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_private_server).
Los clientes VPN de Mullvad han sido auditados por Cure53 y Assured AB en un reporte de pentest \[publicado en cure53.de\](https://cure53.de/pentest-report_mullvad_v2.pdf). Los investigadores de seguridad concluyeron:
> Cure53 y Assured AB están satisfechos con los resultados de la auditoría y el software deja una impresión positiva en general. Con la dedicación a la seguridad del equipo interno de Mullvad VPN, los testers no tienen dudas de que el proyecto va por buen camino desde el punto de vista de la seguridad. You can view individual reports for each platform at [protonvpn.com](https://protonvpn.com/blog/open-source/). In April 2022 Proton VPN underwent [another audit](https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit/) and the report was [produced by Securitum](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/securitum-protonvpn-nologs-20220330.pdf). A [letter of attestation](https://proton.me/blog/security-audit-all-proton-apps) was provided for Proton VPN's apps on 9th November 2021 by [Securitum](https://research.securitum.com).
Proton VPN, in addition to accepting credit/debit cards, PayPal, and [Bitcoin](advanced/payments.md#other-coins-bitcoin-ethereum-etc), also accepts **cash/local currency** as an anonymous form of payment.
Mullvad soporta el protocolo WireGuard®. [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com) is a newer protocol that uses state-of-the-art [cryptography](https://www.wireguard.com/protocol/). Además, WireGuard pretende ser más simple y veloz.
Proton VPN [recommends](https://protonvpn.com/blog/wireguard/) the use of WireGuard with their service. On Proton VPN's Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, ChromeOS, and Android TV apps, WireGuard is the default protocol; however, [support](https://protonvpn.com/support/how-to-change-vpn-protocols/) for the protocol is not present in their Linux app.
Proton VPN currently only supports remote [port forwarding](https://protonvpn.com/support/port-forwarding/) on Windows, which may impact some applications. Su red permite \[acceder a servicios alojados en IPv6\](https://mullvad.net/en/blog/2014/9/15/ipv6-support/) a diferencia de otros proveedores que bloquean las conexiones IPv6.
In addition to providing standard OpenVPN configuration files, Proton VPN has mobile clients for [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/protonvpn-fast-secure-vpn/id1437005085), [Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=ch.protonvpn.android&hl=en_US), and [GitHub](https://github.com/ProtonVPN/android-app/releases) allowing for easy connections to their servers.
Mullvad ha publicado su cliente en la \[App Store\](https://apps.apple.com/app/mullvad-vpn/id1488466513) y en \[Google Play\](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=net.mullvad.mullvadvpn), ambos con una interfaz fácil de usar en lugar de requerir la configuración manual de la conexión de WireGuard. El cliente móvil en Android también está disponible en \[F-Droid\](https://f-droid.org/packages/net.mullvad.mullvadvpn), lo que garantiza que se compila con \[builds reproducibles\](https://www.f-droid.org/en/2019/05/05/trust-privacy-and-free-software.html). They offer adblocking and known malware domains blocking with their DNS service. Additionally, Proton VPN also offers "Tor" servers allowing you to easily connect to onion sites, but we still strongly recommend using [the official Tor Browser](https://www.torproject.org/) for this purpose.
#### :material-alert-outline:{ .pg-orange } Killswitch feature is broken on Intel-based Macs
System crashes [may occur](https://protonvpn.com/support/macos-t2-chip-kill-switch/) on Intel-based Macs when using the VPN killswitch. Utilizan \[ShadowSocks\](https://shadowsocks.org/en/index.html) en su configuración de ShadowSocks + OpenVPN, lo que les hace más resistentes contra los cortafuegos con \[Inspección profunda de paquete\](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Packet_Inspection) que intentan bloquear las VPN.
It is important to note that using a VPN provider will not make you anonymous, but it will give you better privacy in certain situations. A VPN is not a tool for illegal activities. Don't rely on a "no log" policy.
Exigimos que todos nuestros proveedores de VPN recomendados, proporcionen archivos de configuración de OpenVPN para ser utilizados en cualquier cliente. **Si** una VPN proporciona su propio cliente personalizado, requerimos un killswitch para bloquear las fugas de datos de la red cuando se desconecta. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing a VPN provider, and conduct your own research to ensure the VPN provider you choose is as trustworthy as possible.
### Tecnología
We require all our recommended VPN providers to provide OpenVPN configuration files to be used in any client. **If** a VPN provides their own custom client, we require a killswitch to block network data leaks when disconnected.
**Mejor caso:**
- Soporte para protocolos fuertes como WireGuard & OpenVPN.
- Killswitch integrado en los clientes.
- Soporte de multisaltos. El multihopping es importante para mantener la privacidad de los datos en caso de que un solo nodo se vea comprometido.
- Si se proporciona clientes VPN, deben ser [de código abierto](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source), como el software VPN que generalmente llevan incorporado. Creemos que la disponibilidad de [código fuente](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code) proporciona una mayor transparencia sobre lo que su dispositivo está haciendo realmente.
**Best Case:**
- Soporte de WireGuard y OpenVPN.
- Killswitch con opciones altamente configurables (activar/desactivar en determinadas redes, en el arranque, etc.)
- Clientes VPN fáciles de usar
- Admite [IPv6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv6). Esperamos que los servidores permitan las conexiones entrantes a través de IPv6 y le permitan acceder a los servicios alojados en direcciones IPv6.
- La capacidad de [redirección de puertos](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_forwarding#Remote_port_forwarding) ayuda a crear conexiones cuando se utiliza software de intercambio de archivos P2P ([Peer-to-Peer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer)), Freenet, o se aloja un servidor (por ejemplo, Mumble).
### Privacidad
We prefer our recommended providers to collect as little data as possible. Not collecting personal information on registration, and accepting anonymous forms of payment are required.
A VPN is pointless if it can't even provide adequate security. We require all our recommended providers to abide by current security standards for their OpenVPN connections. Ideally, they would use more future-proof encryption schemes by default. We also require an independent third-party to audit the provider's security, ideally in a very comprehensive manner and on a repeated (yearly) basis.
**Mejor caso:**
- Esquemas de cifrado fuertes: OpenVPN con autenticación SHA-256; RSA-2048 o mejor handshake; AES-256-CBC o cifrado de datos AES-256-GCM.
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
- Auditorías de seguridad publicadas por una empresa externa de prestigio.
**Best Case:**
- Cifrado más fuerte: RSA-4096.
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
- Auditorías de seguridad exhaustivas publicadas por una empresa externa de prestigio.
- Programas de recompensa de errores y/o un proceso coordinado de divulgación de vulnerabilidades.
### Confianza
You wouldn't trust your finances to someone with a fake identity, so why trust them with your internet data? We require our recommended providers to be public about their ownership or leadership. We also would like to see frequent transparency reports, especially in regard to how government requests are handled.
**Mejor caso:**
- Public-facing leadership or ownership.
**Best Case:**
- Public-facing leadership.
- Informes de transparencia frecuentes.
### Marketing
With the VPN providers we recommend we like to see responsible marketing.
**Mejor caso:**
- Debe tener análisis propios (no Google Analytics, etc.). El sitio del proveedor también debe cumplir con [DNT (Do Not Track)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_Not_Track) para las personas que quieran excluirse.
Must not have any marketing which is irresponsible:
- Garantizar la protección del anonimato al 100%. Cuando alguien afirma que algo es 100% significa que no hay certeza de fracaso. Sabemos que la gente puede desanonimizarse fácilmente de varias maneras, por ejemplo:
- Reusing personal information (e.g., email accounts, unique pseudonyms, etc) that they accessed without anonymity software (Tor, VPN, etc.)
- Afirmar que una VPN de un solo circuito es "más anónima" que Tor, el cual es un circuito de 3 o más saltos que cambia regularmente.
- Utilice un lenguaje responsable, por ejemplo, está bien decir que una VPN está "desconectada" o "no conectada", pero afirmar que alguien está "expuesto", "vulnerable" o "comprometido" es un uso innecesario de un lenguaje alarmante que puede ser incorrecto. Por ejemplo, esa persona podría simplemente estar en el servicio de otro proveedor de VPN o usar Tor.
**Best Case:**
Responsible marketing that is both educational and useful to the consumer could include:
- Una comparación precisa para cuando se debe utilizar Tor u otras [redes autónomas](self-contained-networks.md).
- Disponibilidad del sitio web del proveedor de VPN a través de un .onion [Hidden Service](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/.onion)
### Funcionalidades adicionales
While not strictly requirements, there are some factors we looked into when determining which providers to recommend. These include adblocking/tracker-blocking functionality, warrant canaries, multihop connections, excellent customer support, the number of allowed simultaneous connections, etc.
