mirror of
https://github.com/privacyguides/privacyguides.org.git
synced 2024-10-01 01:35:57 -04:00
196 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
196 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
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---
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title: "实时通讯"
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icon: material/chat-processing
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---
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这些是我们对加密实时通讯的建议。
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[通信网络的类型 :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](./advanced/communication-network-types.md)
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## 可加密的聊天软件
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以下这些聊天软件能够非常好地保护你的敏感聊天信息。
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### Signal
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**Signal** 是Signal Messenger LLC所研发的一款手机应用。 这款应用提供即时通讯，语音通话以及视频通话。
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所有的聊天窗口都有端到端加密（E2EE） 联系人列表使用你的Signal PIN码来保护，且服务器无法访问。 个人资料也经过加密，并只与你联系过的人共享。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://signal.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://signal.org/legal/#privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://support.signal.org/hc/en-us){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/signalapp){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://signal.org/donate/){ .card-link title=Contribute }
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??? 下载地址
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.thoughtcrime.securesms)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id874139669)
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- [:simple-android: Android](https://signal.org/android/apk/)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://signal.org/download/windows)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://signal.org/download/macos)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://signal.org/download/linux)
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Signal 支持 [私密群组](https://signal.org/blog/signal-private-group-system/). 服务器没有你的群组成员资格，名称，头像以及其他属性的记录。 只有当 [加密发送（Sealed Sender）](https://signal.org/blog/sealed-sender/)启用时，Signal才会保存最少的元数据。 发信人地址与消息正文一起被加密，只有收信人的地址对服务器可见。 加密发送仅对你联系人列表中的人启用，你也可以对所有收件人启用，但是这么做会增加你收到垃圾邮件的风险。 Signal需要你的电话号码作为个人识别码。
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Signal协议在2016年被独立[审计](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/1013.pdf) 。 该协议的规范可以在他们的[文档](https://signal.org/docs/)查看。
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我们有一些额外的配置并加固你的Signal安装的建议：
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[Signal 配置与加固 :material-arrow-right-drop-circle:](https://blog.privacyguides.org/2022/07/07/signal-configuration-and-hardening/)
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### SimpleX Chat
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**SimpleX** Chat 是一个去中心化的即时通讯软件，并且不依赖任何的个人识别码（电话号码，用户名等）。 SimpleX Chat的用户可以扫描二维码或着点击邀请链接参与到群组聊天。
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[:octicons-home-16: 主页](https://simplex.chat){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/blob/stable/PRIVACY.md){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/tree/stable/docs){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/simplex-chat){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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??? 下载地址
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=chat.simplex.app)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/us/app/simplex-chat/id1605771084)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/simplex-chat/simplex-chat/releases)
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SimpleX Chat [was audited](https://simplex.chat/blog/20221108-simplex-chat-v4.2-security-audit-new-website.html) by Trail of Bits in October 2022.
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目前SimpleX Chat只有安卓和iOS版本。 Basic group chatting functionality, direct messaging, editing of messages and markdown are supported. E2EE Audio and Video calls are also supported.
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Your data can be exported, and imported onto another device, as there are no central servers where this is backed up.
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### Briar
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**Briar** is an encrypted instant messenger that [connects](https://briarproject.org/how-it-works/) to other clients using the Tor Network. Briar can also connect via Wi-Fi or Bluetooth when in local proximity. Briar’s local mesh mode can be useful when internet availability is a problem.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://briarproject.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://briarproject.org/privacy-policy/){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar/-/wikis/home){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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[:octicons-heart-16:](https://briarproject.org/){ .card-link title="Donation options are listed on the bottom of the homepage" }
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??? downloads
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.briarproject.briar.android)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://briarproject.org/download-briar-desktop/)
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- [:simple-flathub: Flathub](https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.briarproject.Briar)
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To add a contact on Briar, you must both add each other first. You can either exchange `briar://` links or scan a contact’s QR code if they are nearby.
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The client software was independently [audited](https://briarproject.org/news/2017-beta-released-security-audit/), and the anonymous routing protocol uses the Tor network which has also been audited.
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Briar has a fully [published specification](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec).
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Briar supports perfect forward secrecy by using the Bramble [Handshake](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BHP.md) and [Transport](https://code.briarproject.org/briar/briar-spec/blob/master/protocols/BTP.md) protocol.
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## Additional Options
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!!! 推荐
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These messengers do not have Perfect [Forward Secrecy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_secrecy) (PFS), and while they fulfill certain needs that our previous recommendations may not, we do not recommend them for long-term or sensitive communications. Any key compromise among message recipients would affect the confidentiality of **all** past communications.
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### Element
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**Element** is the reference client for the [Matrix](https://matrix.org/docs/guides/introduction) protocol, an [open standard](https://matrix.org/docs/spec) for secure decentralized real-time communication.
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Messages and files shared in private rooms (those which require an invite) are by default E2EE as are one to one voice and video calls.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://element.io/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://element.io/privacy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://element.io/help){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/vector-im){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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??? downloads
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=im.vector.app)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/vector/id1083446067)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/vector-im/element-android/releases)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://element.io/get-started)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://element.io/get-started)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://element.io/get-started)
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- [:octicons-globe-16: Web](https://app.element.io)
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Profile pictures, reactions, and nicknames are not encrypted.
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Group voice and video calls are [not](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/12878) E2EE, and use Jitsi, but this is expected to change with [Native Group VoIP Signalling](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/pull/3401). Group calls have [no authentication](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/13074) currently, meaning that non-room participants can also join the calls. We recommend that you do not use this feature for private meetings.
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The Matrix protocol itself [theoretically supports PFS](https://gitlab.matrix.org/matrix-org/olm/blob/master/docs/megolm.md#partial-forward-secrecy), however this is [not currently supported in Element](https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/7101) due to it breaking some aspects of the user experience such as key backups and shared message history.
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The protocol was independently [audited](https://matrix.org/blog/2016/11/21/matrixs-olm-end-to-end-encryption-security-assessment-released-and-implemented-cross-platform-on-riot-at-last) in 2016. The specification for the Matrix protocol can be found in their [documentation](https://spec.matrix.org/latest/). The [Olm](https://matrix.org/docs/projects/other/olm) cryptographic ratchet used by Matrix is an implementation of Signal’s [Double Ratchet algorithm](https://signal.org/docs/specifications/doubleratchet/).
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### Session
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!!! recommendation
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{ align=right }
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**Session** is a decentralized messenger with a focus on private, secure, and anonymous communications. Session offers support for direct messages, group chats, and voice calls.
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Session uses the decentralized [Oxen Service Node Network](https://oxen.io/) to store and route messages. Every encrypted message is routed through three nodes in the Oxen Service Node Network, making it virtually impossible for the nodes to compile meaningful information on those using the network.
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[:octicons-home-16: Homepage](https://getsession.org/){ .md-button .md-button--primary }
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[:octicons-eye-16:](https://getsession.org/privacy-policy){ .card-link title="Privacy Policy" }
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[:octicons-info-16:](https://getsession.org/faq){ .card-link title=Documentation}
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[:octicons-code-16:](https://github.com/oxen-io){ .card-link title="Source Code" }
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??? downloads
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- [:simple-googleplay: Google Play](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=network.loki.messenger)
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- [:simple-appstore: App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/id1470168868)
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- [:simple-github: GitHub](https://github.com/oxen-io/session-android/releases)
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- [:simple-windows11: Windows](https://getsession.org/download)
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- [:simple-apple: macOS](https://getsession.org/download)
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- [:simple-linux: Linux](https://getsession.org/download)
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Session allows for E2EE in one-on-one chats or closed groups which allow for up to 100 members. Open groups have no restriction on the number of members, but are open by design.
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Session does [not](https://getsession.org/blog/session-protocol-technical-information) support PFS, which is when an encryption system automatically and frequently changes the keys it uses to encrypt and decrypt information, such that if the latest key is compromised it exposes a smaller portion of sensitive information.
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Oxen requested an independent audit for Session in March of 2020. The audit [concluded](https://getsession.org/session-code-audit) in April of 2021, “The overall security level of this application is good and makes it usable for privacy-concerned people.”
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Session has a [whitepaper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.04609.pdf) describing the technicals of the app and protocol.
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## Criteria
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**Please note we are not affiliated with any of the projects we recommend.** In addition to [our standard criteria](about/criteria.md), we have developed a clear set of requirements to allow us to provide objective recommendations. We suggest you familiarize yourself with this list before choosing to use a project, and conduct your own research to ensure it's the right choice for you.
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!!! example "This section is new"
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We are working on establishing defined criteria for every section of our site, and this may be subject to change. If you have any questions about our criteria, please [ask on our forum](https://discuss.privacyguides.net/latest) and don't assume we didn't consider something when making our recommendations if it is not listed here. There are many factors considered and discussed when we recommend a project, and documenting every single one is a work-in-progress.
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- Must have open-source clients.
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- Must use E2EE for private messages by default.
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- Must support E2EE for all messages.
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- Must have been independently audited.
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### Best-Case
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Our best-case criteria represents what we would like to see from the perfect project in this category. Our recommendations may not include any or all of this functionality, but those which do may rank higher than others on this page.
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- Should have Perfect Forward Secrecy.
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- Should have open-source servers.
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- Should be decentralized, i.e. federated or P2P.
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- Should use E2EE for all messages by default.
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- Should support Linux, macOS, Windows, Android, and iOS.
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--8<-- "includes/abbreviations.zh.txt"
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