DNS-over-HTTPS, DNS-over-TLS, and DNSCrypt resolvers will not make you anonymous. Using Anonymized DNSCrypt hides <em>only</em> your DNS traffic from your Internet Service Provider. However, using any of these protocols will prevent DNS hijacking, and make your DNS requests harder for third parties to eavesdrop on and tamper with. If you are currently using Google's DNS resolver, you should pick an alternative here. See the <ahref="#definitions">definitions</a> below.
description='A validating, recursive, caching DNS resolver, supporting DNS-over-TLS, and has been <ahref="https://ostif.org/our-audit-of-unbound-dns-by-x41-d-sec-full-results/">independently audited</a>.'
description='A DNS proxy with support for DNSCrypt, DNS-over-HTTPS, and <ahref="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-protocol/blob/master/ANONYMIZED-DNSCRYPT.txt">Anonymized DNSCrypt</a>, a <ahref="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS">relay-based protocol that the hides client IP address.</a>'
description='An application that acts as a local DNS-over-TLS stub resolver. Stubby can be used in <ahref="https://dnsprivacy.org/wiki/display/DP/DNS+Privacy+Clients#DNSPrivacyClients-Unbound/Stubbycombination">combination with Unbound</a> by managing the upstream TLS connections (since Unbound cannot yet re-use TCP/TLS connections) with Unbound providing a local cache.'
description='Firefox comes with built-in DNS-over-HTTPS support for <ahref="https://blog.mozilla.org/blog/2020/02/25/firefox-continues-push-to-bring-dns-over-https-by-default-for-us-users/">NextDNS and Cloudflare</a> but users can manually use any other DoH resolver.'
labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/privacy/cloudflare-resolver-firefox#what-information-does-the-cloudflare-resolver-for-firefox-collect::text==Warning::tooltip==Cloudflare stores personally identifiable information such as user IP addresses and query information for up to 24 hours, and retains some bulk anonymized data indefinitely."
description="Android 9 (Pie) comes with built-in DNS-over-TLS support without the need for a 3rd-party application."
labels="color==warning::icon==fas fa-exclamation-triangle::link==https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns/docs/using#android_9_pie_or_later::text==Warning::tooltip==Android 9's DoT settings have no effect when used concurrently with VPN-based apps which override the DNS."
description='An open-source iOS client supporting DNS-over-HTTPS, DNSCrypt, and <ahref="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki">dnscrypt-proxy</a> options such as caching DNS responses, locally logging DNS queries, and custom block lists. Users can <ahref="https://medium.com/privacyguides/adding-custom-dns-over-https-resolvers-to-dnscloak-20ff5845f4b5">add custom resolvers by DNS stamp</a>.'
In iOS, iPadOS, tvOS 14 and macOS 11, DoT and DoH were introduced. DoT and DoH are supported natively by installation of profiles (through mobileconfig files opened in <em>Safari</em>).
After installation, the encrypted DNS server can be selected in <em>Settings → General → VPN and Network → DNS</em>.
</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Signed profiles</strong> are offered by <ahref="https://adguard.com/en/blog/encrypted-dns-ios-14.html">AdGuard</a> and <ahref="https://apple.nextdns.io/">NextDNS</a>.</li>
</ul>
## Definitions
<p><strong>DNS-over-TLS (DoT):</strong>
A security protocol for encrypted DNS on a dedicated port 853. Some providers support port 443 which generally works everywhere while port 853 is often blocked by restrictive firewalls.
</p>
<p><strong>DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH):</strong>
Similar to DoT, but uses HTTPS instead, being indistinguishable from "normal" HTTPS traffic on port 443 and more difficult to block. {% include badge.html color="warning" text="Warning" tooltip="DoH contains metadata such as user-agent (which may include system information) that is sent to the DNS server." link="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8484#section-8.2" icon="fas fa-exclamation-triangle" %}
</p>
<p><strong>DNSCrypt:</strong>
With an <ahref="https://dnscrypt.info/protocol/">open specification</a>, DNSCrypt is an older, yet robust method for encrypting DNS.
</p>
<p><strong>Anonymized DNSCrypt:</strong>
A <ahref="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-proxy/wiki/Anonymized-DNS">lightweight protocol</a> that hides the client IP address by using pre-configured relays to forward encrypted DNS data. This is a relatively new protocol created in 2019 currently only supported by <ahref="#dns-desktop-clients">dnscrypt-proxy</a> and a limited number of <ahref="https://github.com/DNSCrypt/dnscrypt-resolvers/blob/master/v3/relays.md">relays</a>.
