erc-4337: account abstraction


tl; dr


  • this change implements censorship-resistant account abstraction without making any changes to the consensus layer of ethereum, by creating a new mempool, a smart contract wallet standard, and a shared entry point contract for managing user operations.
  • this enables wallets to have multi-sigs, social recovery, hardware enclaves, etc.
  • UserOperations are pseudo-transactions objects that represent a user's intent.
  • Bundlers are new actors that are either block builders, or users that can send transactions to block builders through a bundle marketplace. they package up a set of objects into a tx making a call to a special contract and sending objects to a separate mempool.
  • the EntryPoint is a smart contract that receives UserOperations from Bundlers.
  • Aggregators combines multiple signatures into a single signature, to validate multiple UserOperatons in one step.
  • Smart contract account are the target of the UserOperation and will validate and execute the UserOperation.
  • Paymaster create flexibility for how gas is paid and by whom.

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