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+## Notes on validators
+
+<br>
+
+* the validator is responsible for creating a new block and sending it out to other nodes on the network.
+* to participate as a validators, a user must deposit 32 ETH into the deposit contract and run 3 pieces of software:
+      - an execution client
+      - a consensus client
+      - a validator
+
+* once activated, validators receive new blocsk from peers - the txs delivered in the block are re-executed, and the block signature is checked
+* the validator then sends a vote (attestation) in favor of that block across the network
+* the timing of blocks is not determined by the mining difficult anymore, but it's fixed:
+     - slots (12 seconds)
+     - epochs (32 slots)
+* in every slot, a committee of validators is randomly chosen, whose votes are used to determine the validity of the block being proposed
+* the first block in each epoch is a checkpoint