trading strategy metrics

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## trading strategy metrics
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### tl; dr
* metrics to optimize when developing trading algorithms
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### net profit and loss (net PnL)
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* how much money an algorithm makes and loses over a period, minus trading free.
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### alpha and beta
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* **alpha**: how much better, in terms of profit, is the strategy compared to an alternative risk-free investment.
* **beta**: how volatile the strategy is compared to the market.
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### sharpe ratio
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* measure the excess return per unit of risk you are taking.
* it's the return on capital over the standard deviation adjusted for risk.
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### maximum drawdown
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* maximum difference between a local maximum and the subsequent local minimum as a measure of risk.
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### value at risk (VaR)
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* risk metric that qualifies how much capital is at a loss over a given time frame with some probability (assuming normal market conditions).
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