diff --git a/MEV_by_chains/MEV_on_Optimism/README.md b/MEV_by_chains/MEV_on_Optimism/README.md
index 2796ee8..d8ca7f7 100644
--- a/MEV_by_chains/MEV_on_Optimism/README.md
+++ b/MEV_by_chains/MEV_on_Optimism/README.md
@@ -2,11 +2,23 @@
 
 <br>
 
+###
+
+<br>
+
+* reduced gas fees resulted in large bot-spamming attacks 
+* in order to frontrunning, backrunning, or sandwiching to succed, the bot's tx needs to land right before or behind the victim's respectively. bots cannot choose the ordering so they need to set gas fees in a way the txs land in the right place (usually by spamming).
+
+<br>
+
+
 ### in this dir
 
+<br>
+
 * [optimistic rollups](optimistic_rollups.md)
 
-
+<br>
 
 
 <br>
@@ -15,4 +27,6 @@
 
 ### resources
 
+<br>
+
 * [intro to mev auctions](https://www.mev.wiki/solutions/faas-or-meva/optimism)