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sorting
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inversions in a sequence is a pair of elements that are out of order with respect to the ordering relation. a sorting algorithm is a sequence of operations that reduces inversions to zero.
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a topological sort of a diretect graph is a way of ordering the list of nodes such that if
(a, b)
is a edge of the graph, thena
appears beforeb
. it does not work if a graph has cycles or is not directed.