decentralized-protocols-toolkit

History

autistic-symposium-helper 5d06e6f6bb add last discussion on based rollups based rollup and mev, by kubi mensah (2025) truly based rollup and mev, by c. noyes (2025) wtf are based rollups and preconfs?, by j. vranek (2024)		2025-02-09 17:23:05 +01:00
..
eips_and_updates	pectra retrospective at eth magickians, by t. beiko et al. (2025)	2025-02-04 20:09:15 +01:00
README.md	add last discussion on based rollups	2025-02-09 17:23:05 +01:00

the ethereum blockchain

in native execution, evm will load the bytecode and execute the opcodes in the bytecodes one by one from the beginning.
each opcode can be thought as doing the following steps:
1. read elements from stack, memory, or storage
2. perform some computation on these elements
3. write back results to stack, memory, or storage

light clients receive the block headers, which contain a merkle root (more on this later) that can be used to query full nodes to verify if a transaction is included in a particular block.

rollups move computation (and state storage) off-chain, but keep some data per tx on-chain, using compression tricks to replace data with computation wherever possible (but scalability is still limited by the data bandwidth of the underlying blockchain).
an onchain smart contract maintains a state root (the merkle root) of the state of the rollup.
anyone can publish a batch (collection of txs, compressed to form the previous state root and the new state root).
the contract checks that the previous state root in the batch matches the current state root - if not, it switches the state root to the new state root.
for depositing and withdrawing, txs can have input or output outside the rollup state (processed within the batches).
optimistic (fraud proof) or zk (validity proof) rollups are solutions to know that the post-state roots in the batches are correct.

optimistic l2s
- arbitrum one
  - started rollups
  - largest TVL
- optimism
  - rollup from optimism collective, with a rich ecosystem of l2
  - tool to create l2 part of the superchain
- mantle
  - l2 from bitdao
zk-rollups l2s
- zksync era
  - the leading zk-rollup and a zkevm (zk-rollups that use ethereum virtual machine to execute transactions are called zkevms)
  - the only zkevm that supports native account abstraction in the consensus layer of the chain
starknet
- zk-rollups from starkware
- not a zkevm
- used the cairo language
- has recently open-souced their STARK prover
polygon zkevm
- part of polygon 2.0, an ecosystem of zk-rollups
- converting polygon pos into a zk-validum
- has their prover open-sourced
linea
- another recent zkevm from consensys

the autistic-symposium's mev-toolkit on ethereum block building (2025)
notes on pbs, by barnabe.eth (2022) (thoughts on in-protocol pbs, market structure and allocation mechanism, whole vs. partial block building, block vs. slot auctions, inclusion lists, capturing true pbs value via consensus bid and protocol capture)
decentralizing the builder role, by j. charbonneau (2022)