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eip-7702: a technical deep dive, by lightclient (2024)
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## [DRAFT] security considerations for **[pectra](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600)** (q1/25)
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## [DRAFT] security considerations for **[pectra](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7600)** (early 2025)
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---
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* ✅🔐🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-6110: supply validator deposits on chain, by m. kalinin et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-61100)**
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* ✅🔐🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-6110: supply validator deposits on chain, by m. kalinin et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-61100)**
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- faster for validators to deposit their eth (12 hours -> 30 min)
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- faster for validators to deposit their eth (12 hours -> 30 min)
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- remove the need for deposit voting from the cl, reducing the complexity of client software design
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- security: data complexity, dos, weak subjectivity period (tba)
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- security: data complexity, dos, weak subjectivity period (tba)
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<br>
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* ✅🔐🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7002: execution layer triggerable exits, by djrtwo et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7002)**
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* ✅🔐🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7002: execution layer triggerable exits, by djrtwo et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7002)**
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- improve ux for validators, giving them more flexibility
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- improve ux for validators, giving them more flexibility
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- allow validators to trigger exits and partial withdrawals via their execution layer withdrawal credentials (e.g., enabling more trustless staking pool designs)
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- security: impact on existing custody relationships, fee overpayment (tba)
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- security: impact on existing custody relationships, fee overpayment (tba)
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* ✅🔐🤝 **[eip-7251: increase the `MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE`, by m. neuter et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7251)**
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* ✅🔐🤝 **[eip-7251: increase the `MAX_EFFECTIVE_BALANCE`, by m. neuder et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7251)**
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- biggest ux improvement for validators
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- biggest ux improvement for validators
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- raise the validator stake limit (maximum effective balance from 32 -> 2048 eth, with reward compounding)
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- raise the validator stake limit (maximum effective balance from 32 -> 2048 eth, with reward compounding)
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- potentially can reduce the number of inactive nodes and possibly improving the network efficiency
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- potentially can reduce the number of inactive nodes and possibly improving the network efficiency
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<br>
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* ✅🔐🤝 **[eip-7549: move committee index outside attestation, by dappling](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7549)**
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- shuffle the consensus message, making it more efficient
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* ✅🔐🤝 **[eip-7549: move committee index outside attestation, by dapplion](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7549)**
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- makes the aggregation of validator votes (attestation) in blocks more efficient, reducing networking load and saving node bandwith
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- security: first block after fork, mutation over gossip (tba)
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- security: first block after fork, mutation over gossip (tba)
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* ✅🔐🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7702: set eoa account code, by vub et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702)**
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* ✅🔐🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7702: set eoa account code, by vub et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702)**
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- improve the functionality of crypto wallets by giving them smart contract properties (the so called "account abstraction")
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- improve the functionality of crypto wallets by giving them smart contract properties (the so called "account abstraction")
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e7ae1ae1-bcae-4444-8f61-c76ab60d8d9a" width="80%"/>
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</p>
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- more usability in crypto, enhanced security features:
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- more usability in crypto, enhanced security features:
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- batching (allowing multiple operations from the same user in one atomic transaction)
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- batching (allowing multiple operations from the same user in one atomic transaction)
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- sponsorship (an account can pay for a transaction on behalf of another account)
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- sponsorship (an account can pay for a transaction on behalf of another account)
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- privilege de-escalation (users can sign sub-keys and given them specific permissions that are much weaker than global access to the account)
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- privilege de-escalation (users can sign sub-keys, giving them specific permissions that are much weaker than global access to the account)
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/3cb0f48b-88aa-4844-9a46-ede10e09837e" width="80%"/>
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</p>
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- introduce a new transaction, the setcode tx, very similar to eip-1559 txs, with an addition autorization list elements ("authorizing some code to live into your account" through creating by template)
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/76a0d234-61d9-4617-bc3e-e3fe8903bb40" width="80%"/>
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</p>
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- e.g.: gas fees could be outsourced to services to pay on another erc-20 token
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- e.g.: gas fees could be outsourced to services to pay on another erc-20 token
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- security: secure delegation, `tx.origin`, sponsored tx relayers, frontrunning initialization, tx propagation (tba)
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- security: secure delegation, `tx.origin`, sponsored tx relayers, frontrunning initialization, tx propagation (tba)
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* ✅🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7742: uncouple blob count between cl and el, by a. stokes](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7742)**
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* ✅🤝🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7742: uncouple blob count between cl and el, by a. stokes](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7742)**
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- extend functionalities from blobs
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- extend functionalities from blobs
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- execution layer no longer verifies data blobs’s maximum value and instead gets this value dynamically from the consensus layer
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- execution layer no longer verifies data blobs’s maximum value and instead gets this value dynamically from the consensus layer
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* ✅🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7685: general purpose execution layer requests, by lightclient](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7685)**
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* ✅🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-7685: general purpose execution layer requests, by lightclient](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7685)**
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- boost the interoperability between the execution and the consensus layer (helping with surge demand on the execution layer)
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- boost the interoperability between the execution and the consensus layer (helping with surge demand on the execution layer)
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- more efficient way to code, test, and implement execution triggered requests such as eip-6110 and eip-7002
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* ✅🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-2935: save historical block hashes from state, by vub et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2935)**
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* ✅🏋🏻♀️ **[eip-2935: save historical block hashes from state, by vub et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2935)**
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- increase amount of data from past blocks that can be stored on new blocks
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- increase amount of data from past blocks that can be stored on new blocks
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- set the stage for verkle tree
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- set the stage for verkle tree
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* ✅🤝 **[eip-7594: peerdas - peer data availability Sampling, by djirtwo et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7594)**
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* ✅🤝 **[eip-7594: peerdas - peer data availability Sampling, by djrtwo et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7594)**
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- allow beacon nodes to perform data availability sampling, improving how da is handled across the network
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- allow beacon nodes to perform data availability sampling, improving how da is handled across the network
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- crucial feature for layer 2s (making them more efficient and cost-effective)
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- crucial feature for layer 2s (making them more efficient and cost-effective)
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- compare to celestia (tba)
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- compare to celestia (tba)
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* ✅ **[eip-7692: evm object format meta, by a. beregszaszi et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7692)**
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* ✅ **[eip-7692: evm object format meta, by a. beregszaszi et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7692)**
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- add a bunch of evm object format for smart contract deployment and execution efficiency
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- add a bunch of evm object format for smart contract deployment and execution efficiency
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- include optimized code validation, better function handling, more efficient data access instructions
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- include optimized code validation, better function handling, more efficient data access instructions
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* 🟡 **[eip-7623: increase calldata cost, by t. wahrstätter et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7623)**
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* 🟡 **[eip-7623: increase calldata cost, by t. wahrstätter et al.](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7623)**
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- increasing the calldata cost for transactions (increase the cost of calldata to 10/40 gas for transactions that do not exceed a certain threshold of gas spent on evm operations)
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- increase the calldata cost for transactions (increase the cost of calldata to 10/40 gas for transactions that do not exceed a certain threshold of gas spent on evm operations)
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- highligting data availability
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- highligting data availability
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* 🟡 **[eip-7762: increase `MIN_BASE_FEE_PER_BLOB_GAS`, by maxy riesnick](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7762)**
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* 🟡 **[eip-7762: increase `MIN_BASE_FEE_PER_BLOB_GAS`, by m. resnick](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7762)**
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- speed up discovery on blob space
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- speed up discovery on blob space
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- security: "rollups that use blobs as da will need to update their posting strategies"
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- security: "rollups that use blobs as da will need to update their posting strategies"
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* **[what's going into the pectra upgrade?, by c. kim (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufIDBCgdGwY)**
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* **[what's going into the pectra upgrade?, by c. kim (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufIDBCgdGwY)**
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* **[eip-7702: a technical deep dive, by lightclient (2024)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_k5fKlKBWV4)**
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