constellation/image

Setup

• Install mkosi (from git):

  cd /tmp/
  git clone https://github.com/systemd/mkosi
  cd mkosi
  git checkout d8b32fbf3077b612db0024276e73cec3c2c87577
  tools/generate-zipapp.sh
  cp builddir/mkosi /usr/local/bin/
  

• Build systemd tooling (from git):

  Ubuntu and Fedora ship outdated versions of systemd tools, so you need to build them from source:

  # Ubuntu
  echo "deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ $(lsb_release -cs) main restricted universe multiverse" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list
  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get build-dep systemd
  sudo apt-get install libfdisk-dev
  # Fedora
  sudo dnf builddep systemd
  
  git clone https://github.com/systemd/systemd --depth=1
  meson systemd/build systemd -Drepart=true -Defi=true -Dbootloader=true
  BINARIES=(
      bootctl
      systemctl
      systemd-analyze
      systemd-dissect
      systemd-nspawn
      systemd-repart
      ukify
  )
  ninja -C systemd/build ${BINARIES[@]}
  SYSTEMD_BIN=$(realpath systemd/build)
  echo installed systemd tools to "${SYSTEMD_BIN}"
  

• Install tools:

  Ubuntu / Debian

  sudo apt-get update
  sudo apt-get install --assume-yes --no-install-recommends \
      bubblewrap \
      coreutils \
      curl \
      dnf \
      e2fsprogs \
      efitools \
      jq \
      mtools \
      ovmf \
      python3-pefile \
      python3-pyelftools \
      python3-setuptools \
      qemu-system-x86 \
      qemu-utils \
      rpm \
      sbsigntool \
      squashfs-tools \
      systemd-container \
      util-linux \
      virt-manager
  

  Fedora

  sudo dnf install -y \
      bubblewrap \
      edk2-ovmf \
      systemd-container \
      qemu \
      e2fsprogs \
      squashfs-tools \
      efitools \
      sbsigntools \
      coreutils \
      curl \
      jq \
      util-linux \
      virt-manager
  

• Prepare secure boot PKI (see secure-boot/genkeys.sh)

Build

When building your first image, prepare the secure boot PKI (see secure-boot/genkeys.sh) for self-signed, locally built images.

After that, you can build the image with:

# export SYSTEMD_BIN=<path to systemd tools>
# OPTIONAL: to create a debug image, export the following line
# export DEBUG=true
# OPTIONAL: to enable the serial console, export the following line
# export AUTOLOGIN=true
# OPTIONAL: symlink custom path to secure boot PKI to ./pki
# ln -s /path/to/pki/folder ./pki
sudo make EXTRA_SEARCH_PATHS="${SYSTEMD_BIN}" -j $(nproc)

Raw images will be placed in mkosi.output.<CSP>/fedora~37/image.raw.

Prepare Secure Boot

The generated images are partially signed by Microsoft (shim loader), and partially signed by Edgeless Systems (systemd-boot and unified kernel images consisting of the linux kernel, initramfs and kernel commandline).

For QEMU and Azure, you can pre-generate the NVRAM variables for secure boot. This is not necessary for GCP, as you can specify secure boot parameters via the GCP API on image creation.

libvirt / QEMU / KVM

secure-boot/generate_nvram_vars.sh mkosi.output.qemu/fedora~37/image.raw

Azure

These steps only have to performed once for a fresh set of secure boot certificates. VMGS blobs for testing and release images already exist.

First, create a disk without embedded MOK EFI variables.

# set these variables
export AZURE_SECURITY_TYPE=ConfidentialVM # or TrustedLaunch
export AZURE_RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME= # e.g. "constellation-images"

export AZURE_REGION=northeurope
export AZURE_REPLICATION_REGIONS=
export AZURE_DISK_NAME=constellation-$(date +%s)
export AZURE_SNAPSHOT_NAME=${AZURE_DISK_NAME}
export AZURE_RAW_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.azure/fedora~37/image.raw
export AZURE_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.azure/fedora~37/image.vhd
export AZURE_VMGS_FILENAME=${AZURE_SECURITY_TYPE}.vmgs
export AZURE_JSON_OUTPUT=${PWD}/mkosi.output.azure/fedora~37/image-upload.json
export BLOBS_DIR=${PWD}/blobs
upload/pack.sh azure "${AZURE_RAW_IMAGE_PATH}" "${AZURE_IMAGE_PATH}"
upload/upload_azure.sh --disk-name "${AZURE_DISK_NAME}-setup-secure-boot" ""
secure-boot/azure/launch.sh -n "${AZURE_DISK_NAME}-setup-secure-boot" -d --secure-boot true --disk-name "${AZURE_DISK_NAME}-setup-secure-boot"

Ignore the running launch script and connect to the serial console once available. The console shows the message "Verification failed: (0x1A) Security Violation". You can import the MOK certificate via the UEFI shell:

Press OK, then ENTER, then "Enroll key from disk". Select the following key: /EFI/loader/keys/auto/db.cer. Press Continue, then choose "Yes" to the question "Enroll the key(s)?". Choose reboot.

Extract the VMGS from the running VM (this includes the MOK EFI variables) and delete the VM:

secure-boot/azure/extract_vmgs.sh --name "${AZURE_DISK_NAME}-setup-secure-boot"
secure-boot/azure/delete.sh --name "${AZURE_DISK_NAME}-setup-secure-boot"

Upload to CSP

Warning! Never set --version to a value that is already used for a release image.

AWS

• Install aws cli (see here)
• Login to AWS (see here)
• Choose secure boot PKI public keys (one of pki_dev, pki_test, pki_prod)
  • pki_dev can be used for local image builds
  • pki_test is used by the CI for non-release images
  • pki_prod is used for release images

# Warning! Never set `--version` to a value that is already used for a release image.
# Instead, use a `ref` that corresponds to your branch name.
bazel run //image/upload -- aws --verbose --raw-image mkosi.output.aws/fedora~37/image.raw --variant ""  --version ref/foo/stream/nightly/v2.7.0-pre-asdf

GCP

• Install gcloud and gsutil (see here)
• Login to GCP (see here)
• Choose secure boot PKI public keys (one of pki_dev, pki_test, pki_prod)
  • pki_dev can be used for local image builds
  • pki_test is used by the CI for non-release images
  • pki_prod is used for release images

export GCP_RAW_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.gcp/fedora~37/image.raw
export GCP_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.gcp/fedora~37/image.tar.gz
upload/pack.sh gcp ${GCP_RAW_IMAGE_PATH} ${GCP_IMAGE_PATH}
# Warning! Never set `--version` to a value that is already used for a release image.
# Instead, use a `ref` that corresponds to your branch name.
bazel run //image/upload -- gcp --verbose --raw-image "${GCP_IMAGE_PATH}" --variant "sev-es"  --version ref/foo/stream/nightly/v2.7.0-pre-asdf

Azure

Note:

For testing purposes, it is a lot simpler to disable Secure Boot for the uploaded image! Disabling Secure Boot allows you to skip the VMGS creation steps above.

• Install az and azcopy (see here)
• Login to Azure (see here)
• Optional (if Secure Boot should be enabled) Prepare virtual machine guest state (VMGS) with customized NVRAM or use existing VMGS blob

export AZURE_RAW_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.azure/fedora~37/image.raw
export AZURE_IMAGE_PATH=${PWD}/mkosi.output.azure/fedora~37/image.vhd
upload/pack.sh azure "${AZURE_RAW_IMAGE_PATH}" "${AZURE_IMAGE_PATH}"
# Warning! Never set `--version` to a value that is already used for a release image.
# Instead, use a `ref` that corresponds to your branch name.
bazel run //image/upload -- azure --verbose --raw-image "${AZURE_IMAGE_PATH}" --variant "cvm"  --version ref/foo/stream/nightly/v2.7.0-pre-asdf

OpenStack

Note:

OpenStack is not one a global cloud provider, but rather a software that can be installed on-premises. This means we do not upload the image to a cloud provider, but to our CDN.

• Install aws cli (see here)
• Login to AWS (see here)

# Warning! Never set `--version` to a value that is already used for a release image.
# Instead, use a `ref` that corresponds to your branch name.
bazel run //image/upload -- openstack --verbose --raw-image mkosi.output.openstack/fedora~37/image.raw --variant "sev"  --version ref/foo/stream/nightly/v2.7.0-pre-asdf

QEMU

• Install aws cli (see here)
• Login to AWS (see here)

# Warning! Never set `--version` to a value that is already used for a release image.
# Instead, use a `ref` that corresponds to your branch name.
bazel run //image/upload -- qemu --verbose --raw-image mkosi.output.qemu/fedora~37/image.raw --variant "default"  --version ref/foo/stream/nightly/v2.7.0-pre-asdf