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docs: fixes and rewording of architecture
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Thomas Tendyck
Thomas Tendyck
parent
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commit
617a55a230
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This page explains Constellation's attestation process and highlights the corner
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## Terms
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The following lists a few terms and concepts that helps to understand the attestation concept of Constellation.
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The following lists terms and concepts that help to understand the attestation concept of Constellation.
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### Trusted Platform Module (TPM)
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@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ Thus, storing the measurements of multiple components into the same PCR irrevers
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### Measured boot
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Measured boot builds on the concept of chained runtime measurements.
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Each component in the boot-chain loads and measures the next component into the PCR before executing it.
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By comparing the resulting PCR values against trusted reference values, the integrity of the entire boot chain and thereby, the running system can be ensured.
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Each component in the boot chain loads and measures the next component into the PCR before executing it.
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By comparing the resulting PCR values against trusted reference values, the integrity of the entire boot chain and thereby the running system can be ensured.
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### Remote attestation (RA)
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@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ Such an attestation statement guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of a
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### Attested TLS (aTLS)
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In a CC environment, attested TLS (aTLS) can be used to establish secure connections between two parties utilizing the remote attestation features of the CC components.
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In a CC environment, attested TLS (aTLS) can be used to establish secure connections between two parties using the remote attestation features of the CC components.
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aTLS modifies the TLS handshake by embedding an attestation statement into the TLS certificate.
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Instead of relying on a certificate authority, aTLS uses this attestation statement to establish trust in the certificate.
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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ The solution is a verifiable boot chain and an integrity-protected runtime envir
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Constellation uses measured boot within CVMs, measuring each component in the boot process before executing it.
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Outside of CC, it's usually implemented via TPMs.
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CVM technologies differ in how they implement runtime measurements, but the general concepts are similar to those of a TPM.
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For simplicity, we use TPM terminology like *PCR* in the following.
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For simplicity, TPM terminology like *PCR* is used in the following.
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When a Constellation node image boots inside a CVM, it uses measured boot for all stages and components of the boot chain.
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This process goes up to the root filesystem.
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@ -100,42 +100,39 @@ Finally, the measurement of the *clusterID* can be compared by calculating it wi
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### Runtime measurements
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Constellation utilizes runtime measurement to implement the measured boot approach.
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Constellation uses runtime measurements to implement the measured boot approach.
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As stated above, the underlying hardware technology and guest firmware differ in their implementations of runtime measurements.
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The following gives a detailed description of the available measurements in the different cloud environments.
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The runtime measurements contain two types of values.
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The runtime measurements consist of two types of values:
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First, are the ones produced by the cloud infrastructure and firmware of the CVM.
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Depending on the cloud environment they can contain non-reproducible values.
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Those correspond to measurements of closed-source firmware components and other values controlled by the cloud provider.
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While not being directly verifiable, they can be compared against previously observed values.
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As part of the [signed image measurements](#chain-of-trust), Constellation provides measurements that are known, previously observed values.
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Thereby, Constellation enables users to identify changes and deviations and allows them to act accordingly.
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See how to [fetch](../workflows/verify-cluster.md#fetch-measurements) the latest measurements and verify a cluster.
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* **Measurements produced by the cloud infrastructure and firmware of the CVM**:
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These are measurements of closed-source firmware and other values controlled by the cloud provider.
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While not being reproducible for the user, some of them can be compared against previously observed values.
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Others may change frequently and aren't suitable for verification.
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The [signed image measurements](#chain-of-trust) include measurements that are known, previously observed values.
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Second, are the measurements produced by the Constellation bootloader and boot chain itself.
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The Constellation Bootloader is the first part of the Constellation stack that takes over from the CVM firmware and measures the rest of the boot chain.
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Refer to [images](images.md) for more details on the Constellation boot chain.
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* **Measurements produced by the Constellation bootloader and boot chain**:
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The Constellation Bootloader takes over from the CVM firmware and [measures the rest of the boot chain](images.md).
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The Constellation [Bootstrapper](components.md#bootstrapper) is the first user mode component that runs in a Constellation image.
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It extends PCR registers with the [IDs](keys.md#cluster-identity) of the cluster marking a node as initialized.
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Constellation allows to specify in the config which measurements should be enforced during the attestation process
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Constellation allows to specify in the config which measurements should be enforced during the attestation process.
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Enforcing non-reproducible measurements controlled by the cloud provider means that changes in these values require manual updates to the cluster's config.
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By default, Constellation only enforces measurements that are stable values produced by the infrastructure or by Constellation directly.
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<tabs groupId="csp">
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<tabItem value="azure" label="Azure">
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Constellation leverages the [vTPM](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/trusted-launch#vtpm) feature of Azure CVMs for runtime measurements.
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The vTPM on Azure CVMs adheres to the [TPM 2.0](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) specification of the [Trusted Computing Group](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/trusted-platform-module-tpm-summary/).
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Constellation uses the [vTPM](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/trusted-launch#vtpm) feature of Azure CVMs for runtime measurements.
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This vTPM adheres to the [TPM 2.0](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) specification.
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It provides a [measured boot](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/fundamentals/measured-boot-host-attestation#measured-boot) verification that's based on the trusted launch feature of [Trusted Launch VMs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-machines/trusted-launch).
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The following table lists all PCR values of the vTPM and the measured components.
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It also lists what components of the boot chain did the measurements and if the value is reproducible and verifiable.
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The latter means that value can be generated offline and compared to the one in the vTPM
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The latter means that the value can be generated offline and compared to the one in the vTPM.
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| PCR | Components | Measured by | Reproducible and Verifiable |
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| PCR | Components | Measured by | Reproducible and verifiable |
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|---------------|-------------------------------------|---------------------------------|-----------------------------|
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| 0 | Firmware | Azure | No |
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| 1 | Firmware | Azure | No |
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@ -155,17 +152,17 @@ The latter means that value can be generated offline and compared to the one in
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</tabItem>
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<tabItem value="gcp" label="GCP">
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Constellation leverages the [vTPM](https://cloud.google.com/compute/confidential-vm/docs/about-cvm) feature of CVMs on GCP for runtime measurements.
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Note that the vTPM in GCP doesn't run inside the hardware-protected CVM context, but is emulated on the hypervisor level.
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Constellation uses the [vTPM](https://cloud.google.com/compute/confidential-vm/docs/about-cvm) feature of CVMs on GCP for runtime measurements.
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Note that this vTPM doesn't run inside the hardware-protected CVM context, but is emulated by the hypervisor.
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The vTPM on GCP CVMs adheres to the [TPM 2.0](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) specification of the [Trusted Computing Group](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/trusted-platform-module-tpm-summary/).
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It provides a [launch attestation report](https://cloud.google.com/compute/confidential-vm/docs/monitoring#about_launch_attestation_report_events) that's based on the Measured Boot feature of [Shielded VMs](https://cloud.google.com/compute/shielded-vm/docs/shielded-vm#measured-boot).
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The vTPM adheres to the [TPM 2.0](https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/resource/tpm-library-specification/) specification.
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It provides a [launch attestation report](https://cloud.google.com/compute/confidential-vm/docs/monitoring#about_launch_attestation_report_events) that's based on the measured boot feature of [Shielded VMs](https://cloud.google.com/compute/shielded-vm/docs/shielded-vm#measured-boot).
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The following table lists all PCR values of the vTPM and the measured components.
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It also lists what components of the boot chain did the measurements and if the value is reproducible and verifiable.
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The latter means that value can be generated offline and compared to the one in the vTPM.
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The latter means that the value can be generated offline and compared to the one in the vTPM.
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| PCR | Components | Measured by | Reproducible and Verifiable |
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| PCR | Components | Measured by | Reproducible and verifiable |
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|---------------|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------|
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| 0 | CVM constant string | GCP | No |
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| 1 | Reserved | GCP | No |
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@ -212,19 +209,16 @@ A user can [verify](../workflows/verify-cluster.md) this statement and compare t
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So far, this page described how an entire Constellation cluster can be verified using hardware attestation capabilities and runtime measurements.
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The last missing link is how the ground truth in the form of runtime measurements can be securely distributed to the verifying party.
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When building Constellation images the process entails creating the ground truth runtime measurements.
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The builds of Constellation images are reproducible and the measurements of an image can be recalculated and verified by everyone.
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The build process of Constellation images also creates the ground truth runtime measurements. <!-- soon: The builds of Constellation images are reproducible and the measurements of an image can be recalculated and verified by everyone. -->
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With every release, Edgeless Systems publishes signed runtime measurements.
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When installing the Constellation CLI, the release binary is also signed by Edgeless Systems.
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The [installation guide](../architecture/orchestration.md#verify-your-cli-installation) explains how this signature can be verified.
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The release binary is also signed by Edgeless Systems.
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The [installation guide](../architecture/orchestration.md#verify-your-cli-installation) explains how you can verify this signature.
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The CLI contains the public key required to verify signed runtime measurements from Edgeless Systems.
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When a new cluster is [created](../workflows/create.md) or updated, the CLI automatically verifies the measurements for the selected image.
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Alternatively, Constellation has the option to use and verify custom build images.
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For this, the CLI can be provided with a custom public key for verification.
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When a cluster is [created](../workflows/create.md) or [upgraded](../workflows/upgrade.md), the CLI automatically verifies the measurements for the selected image.
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Thus, we've a chain of trust based on cryptographic signatures, which goes from CLI to runtime measurements to images. This is illustrated in the following diagram.
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Thus, there's a chain of trust based on cryptographic signatures, which goes from CLI to runtime measurements to images. This is illustrated in the following diagram.
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```mermaid
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flowchart LR
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@ -232,6 +226,6 @@ flowchart LR
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C[User]-- "verifies (cosign)" -->B[CLI]
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B[CLI]-- "contains" -->D["Public Key"]
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A[Edgeless]-- "signs" -->E["Runtime measurements"]
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D["Public Key"]-- "verifies" -->E["Runtime measurements"]
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D["Public key"]-- "verifies" -->E["Runtime measurements"]
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E["Runtime measurements"]-- "verify" -->F["Constellation cluster"]
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```
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@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ The remote attestation statement of a Constellation cluster combines *baseID* an
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Constellation encrypts all cluster network communication using the [container network interface (CNI)](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni).
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See [network encryption](networking.md) for more details.
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The Cilium agent running on each cluster node will establish a secure WireGuard tunnel between it and all other known nodes in the cluster.
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Each node automatically creates its own [Curve25519](http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html) encryption key-pair and distributes its public key via Kubernetes.
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Each node’s public key is then used by other nodes to decrypt and encrypt traffic from and to Cilium-managed endpoints running on that node.
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The Cilium agent running on each node establishes a secure [WireGuard](https://www.wireguard.com/) tunnel between it and all other known nodes in the cluster.
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Each node creates its own [Curve25519](http://cr.yp.to/ecdh.html) encryption key pair and distributes its public key via Kubernetes.
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A node uses another node's public key to decrypt and encrypt traffic from and to Cilium-managed endpoints running on that node.
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Connections are always encrypted peer-to-peer using [ChaCha20](http://cr.yp.to/chacha.html) with [Poly1305](http://cr.yp.to/mac.html).
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WireGuard implements [forward secrecy with key rotation every 2 minutes](https://lists.zx2c4.com/pipermail/wireguard/2017-December/002141.html).
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Cilium supports [key rotation](https://docs.cilium.io/en/stable/gettingstarted/encryption-ipsec/#key-rotation) for the long-term node keys via Kubernetes secrets.
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@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ As a cluster administrator, when creating a cluster, you can use the Constellati
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#### Key material and key derivation
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During the creation of a Constellation, the cluster's master secret is used to derive a KEK.
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During the creation of a Constellation cluster, the cluster's master secret is used to derive a KEK.
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This means creating two clusters with the same master secret will yield the same KEK.
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Any data encryption key (DEK) is derived from the KEK via HKDF.
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Note that the master secret is recommended to be unique for every Constellation cluster and shouldn't be reused (except in case of [recovering](../workflows/recovery.md) a cluster).
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Note that the master secret is recommended to be unique for every cluster and shouldn't be reused (except in case of [recovering](../workflows/recovery.md) a cluster).
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#### State and storage
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@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ User-managed key management is under active development and will be available so
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In scenarios where constellation-managed key management isn't an option, this mode allows you to keep full control of your keys.
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For example, compliance requirements may force you to keep your KEKs in an on-prem key management system (KMS).
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During the creation of a Constellation, you specify a KEK present in a remote KMS.
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During the creation of a Constellation cluster, you specify a KEK present in a remote KMS.
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This follows the common scheme of "bring your own key" (BYOK).
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Constellation will support several KMSs for managing the storage and access of your KEK.
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Initially, it will support the following KMSs:
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@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ Cilium is actively working on implementing a feature called [`host-to-host`](htt
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With `host-to-host`, all traffic between nodes will be tunneled via WireGuard (host-to-host, host-to-pod, pod-to-host, pod-to-pod).
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Until the `host-to-host` feature is released, Constellation enables `pod-to-pod` encryption.
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This mode encrypts all traffic between Kubernetes pods using WireGuard tunnels.
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Constellation uses an extended version of `pod-to-pod` called *strict* mode.
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When using Cilium in the default setup but with encryption enabled, there is a [known issue](https://docs.cilium.io/en/v1.12/gettingstarted/encryption/#egress-traffic-to-not-yet-discovered-remote-endpoints-may-be-unencrypted)
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that can cause pod-to-pod traffic to be unencrypted.
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Constellation uses strict mode to mitigates this issue.
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We change the default behavior of traffic that's destined for an unknown endpoint to not be send out in plaintext to instead being dropped.
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The strict mode can distinguish between traffic that's send to an pod from traffic that's destined for an cluster-external endpoint, since it knows the pod's CIDR range.
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To mitigate this issue, Constellation adds a *strict* mode to Cilium's `pod-to-pod` encryption.
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This mode changes the default behavior of traffic that's destined for an unknown endpoint to not be send out in plaintext, but instead being dropped.
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The strict mode distinguishes between traffic that's send to a pod from traffic that's destined for a cluster-external endpoint by considering the pod's CIDR range.
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The last remaining traffic that's not encrypted is traffic originating from hosts.
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Traffic originating from hosts isn't encrypted yet.
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This mainly includes health checks from Kubernetes API server.
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Also, traffic proxied over the API server via e.g. `kubectl port-forward` isn't encrypted.
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@ -8,45 +8,42 @@ The CLI is also used for updating your cluster.
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## Workspaces
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Each Constellation cluster has an associated *workspace*.
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The workspace is where the persistent data such as the Constellation state, config, and ID files are stored.
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The workspace is where data such as the Constellation state, config, and ID files are stored.
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Each workspace is associated with a single cluster and configuration.
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Currently, the CLI stores state in the local filesystem making the current directory the active workspace.
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The CLI stores state in the local filesystem making the current directory the active workspace.
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Multiple clusters require multiple workspaces, hence, multiple directories.
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Note that every operation on a cluster always has to be performed from the directory associated with its workspace.
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## Cluster creation process
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Releases of Constellation are [published on GitHub](https://github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/releases).
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To allow for fine-grained configuration of your cluster and cloud environment, Constellation supports an extensive configuration file with strong defaults. [Generating the configuration file](../workflows/create.md#configuration) is typically the first thing you do in the workspace.
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To allow for fine-grained configuration of your cluster and cloud environment, Constellation supports an extensive configuration file with strong defaults.
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The CLI provides you with a good default configuration which can be generated with `constellation config generate`. Some cloud account-specific information is always required and to be set by the user.
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The following files are generated during the creation of a Constellation cluster and stored in the current workspace:
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Altogether, the following files are generated during the creation of a Constellation cluster and stored in the current workspace:
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* a configuration file
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* a state file
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* an ID file
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* a base64 encoded master secret
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* a Base64-encoded master secret
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* a Kubernetes `kubeconfig` file.
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Constellation must store the state of its created infrastructure and configuration.
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This state is used by Constellation to map real-world resources to your configuration and keep track of metadata.
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This state is stored by default in a local file named `constellation-state.json`.
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This state is stored in a local file named `constellation-state.json`.
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After the successful creation of your cluster, the CLI will provide you with a Kubernetes `kubeconfig` file.
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This file provides you with access to your Kubernetes cluster and configures the [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/) tool.
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After the creation of your cluster, the CLI will provide you with a Kubernetes `kubeconfig` file.
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This file grants you access to your Kubernetes cluster and configures the [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/) tool.
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In addition, the cluster's [identifier](orchestration.md#post-installation-configuration) is returned and stored in a file called `constellation-id.json`
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### Creation process details
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1. The CLI `create` command creates the confidential VMs (CVMs) resources in your cloud environment and configures the network
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1. The CLI `create` command creates the confidential VM (CVM) resources in your cloud environment and configures the network
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2. Each CVM boots the Constellation node image and measures every component in the boot chain
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3. The first component launched in each node is the [*Bootstrapper*](components.md#bootstrapper)
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4. The *Bootstrapper* waits until it either receives an initialization request or discovers an initialized cluster
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5. The CLI `init` command connects to the *Bootstrapper* of a selected node, sends the configuration, and initiates the initialization of the cluster
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6. The *Bootstrapper* of **that** node [initializes the Kubernetes cluster](components.md#bootstrapper) and deploys the other Constellation [components](components.md) including the [*JoinService*](components.md#joinservice)
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7. Subsequently, the *Bootstrappers* of the other nodes discover the initialized cluster and send join requests to the *JoinService*
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8. As part of the join request each node includes an attestation statement of its boot measurements as a form of authentication
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8. As part of the join request each node includes an attestation statement of its boot measurements as authentication
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9. The *JoinService* verifies the attestation statements and joins the nodes to the Kubernetes cluster
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10. This process is repeated for every node joining the cluster later (e.g., through autoscaling)
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@ -62,7 +59,7 @@ Without it, you won't be able to modify or terminate your cluster.
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After the initialization, the CLI will present you with a couple of tokens:
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* The [*master secret*](keys.md#master-secret) (stored in the `constellation-mastersecret.json` file by default)
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* The [*clusterID*](keys.md#cluster-identity) of your cluster in base64 format
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* The [*clusterID*](keys.md#cluster-identity) of your cluster in Base64 encoding
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You can read more about these values and their meaning in the guide on [cluster identity](keys.md#cluster-identity).
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@ -73,16 +70,16 @@ The *clusterID* uniquely identifies a cluster and can be used to [verify your cl
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## Upgrades
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Constellation images and components might need to be upgraded to new versions during the lifetime of a cluster.
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Constellation images and components may need to be upgraded to new versions during the lifetime of a cluster.
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Constellation implements a rolling update mechanism ensuring no downtime of the control or data plane.
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You can upgrade a Constellation cluster with a single operation by using the CLI.
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For step-by-step instructions on how to do this, refer to [Upgrade Constellation](../workflows/upgrade.md).
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For step-by-step instructions on how to do this, refer to [Upgrade your cluster](../workflows/upgrade.md).
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### Attestation of upgrades
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The new verification hashes (measurements) are released together with every image.
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With every new image, corresponding measurements are released.
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During an update procedure, the CLI provides the new measurements to the [JoinService](components.md#joinservice) securely.
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New measurements for an updated image are automatically pulled and verified by the CLI following the [supply chain security concept](attestation.md#chain-of-trust) of Constellation.
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The [attestation section](attestation.md#cluster-facing-attestation) describes in detail how these measurements are then used by the JoinService for the attestation of nodes.
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The updated measurements are reproducible based on the updated node images, hence, auditable by the customer.
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<!-- soon: As the [builds of the Constellation images are reproducible](attestation.md#chain-of-trust), the updated measurements are auditable by the customer. -->
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@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ Constellation is a cloud-based confidential orchestration platform.
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The foundation of Constellation is Kubernetes and therefore shares the same technology stack and architecture principles.
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To learn more about Constellation and Kubernetes, see [product overview](../overview/product.md).
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## About installation and updates
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## About orchestration and updates
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||||
As a cluster administrator, you can use the [Constellation CLI](orchestration.md) to install and deploy a cluster.
|
||||
Updates are provided in accordance with the [support policy](versions.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## About the components and attestation
|
||||
|
||||
Constellation manages the nodes and network in your cluster. All nodes are bootstrapped by the [*Bootstrapper*](components.md#bootstrapper). They're verified and authenticated by the [*JoinService*](components.md#joinservice) before being added to the cluster and the network. Finally, the entire cluster can be verified via the [*VerificationService*](components.md#verification-service) using [remote attestation](attestation.md).
|
||||
Constellation manages the nodes and network in your cluster. All nodes are bootstrapped by the [*Bootstrapper*](components.md#bootstrapper). They're verified and authenticated by the [*JoinService*](components.md#joinservice) before being added to the cluster and the network. Finally, the entire cluster can be verified via the [*VerificationService*](components.md#verificationservice) using [remote attestation](attestation.md).
|
||||
|
||||
## About node images and verified boot
|
||||
|
||||
@ -20,4 +21,4 @@ You can learn more about [the images](images.md) and how verified boot ensures t
|
||||
|
||||
## About key management and cryptographic primitives
|
||||
|
||||
Encryption of data at-rest, in-transit, and in-use is the fundamental building block for confidential computing and Constellation. Learn more about the [keys and cryptographic primitives](keys.md) used in Constellation and about [encrypted persistent storage](encrypted-storage.md).
|
||||
Encryption of data at-rest, in-transit, and in-use is the fundamental building block for confidential computing and Constellation. Learn more about the [keys and cryptographic primitives](keys.md) used in Constellation, [encrypted persistent storage](encrypted-storage.md), and [network encryption](networking.md).
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
|
||||
# Versions and support policy
|
||||
|
||||
This page details which guarantees Constellation makes regarding versions, compatibility, and life cycle.
|
||||
|
||||
All released components of Constellation use a three-digit version number, of the form `v<MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<PATCH>`.
|
||||
|
||||
## Release cadence
|
||||
|
||||
All [components](components.md) of Constellation are released in lock step on the first Tuesday of every month. This release primarily introduces new features, but may also include security or performance improvements. The `MINOR` version will be incremented as part of this release.
|
||||
All [components](components.md) of Constellation use a three-digit version number of the form `v<MAJOR>.<MINOR>.<PATCH>`.
|
||||
The components are released in lock step, usually on the first Tuesday of every month. This release primarily introduces new features, but may also include security or performance improvements. The `MINOR` version will be incremented as part of this release.
|
||||
|
||||
Additional `PATCH` releases may be created on demand, to fix security issues or bugs before the next `MINOR` release window.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -187,16 +187,6 @@ const sidebars = {
|
||||
label: 'Overview',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/overview',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Components',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/components',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Attestation',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/attestation',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Cluster orchestration',
|
||||
@ -207,6 +197,16 @@ const sidebars = {
|
||||
label: 'Versions and support',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/versions',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Components',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/components',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Attestation',
|
||||
id: 'architecture/attestation',
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
type: 'doc',
|
||||
label: 'Images',
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user