[node operator] NodeImage controller impl

Signed-off-by: Malte Poll <mp@edgeless.systems>

operators/constellation-node-operator/controllers/nodeimage_controller.go

@@ -3,38 +3,183 @@ package controllers
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"reflect"
+	"time"
 
+	nodeutil "github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/internal/node"
+	"github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/internal/patch"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/meta"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	ref "k8s.io/client-go/tools/reference"
+	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
 	ctrl "sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/builder"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/handler"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/log"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/source"
 
 	updatev1alpha1 "github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/api/v1alpha1"
+	nodemaintenancev1beta1 "github.com/medik8s/node-maintenance-operator/api/v1beta1"
+)
+
+const (
+	// nodeOverprovisionLimit is the maximum number of extra nodes created during the update procedure at any point in time.
+	nodeOverprovisionLimit = 2
+	// nodeJoinTimeout is the time limit pending nodes have to join the cluster before being terminated.
+	nodeJoinTimeout = time.Minute * 15
+	// nodeLeaveTimeout is the time limit pending nodes have to leave the cluster and being terminated.
+	nodeLeaveTimeout                   = time.Minute
+	donorAnnotation                    = "constellation.edgeless.systems/donor"
+	heirAnnotation                     = "constellation.edgeless.systems/heir"
+	scalingGroupAnnotation             = "constellation.edgeless.systems/scaling-group-id"
+	nodeImageAnnotation                = "constellation.edgeless.systems/node-image"
+	obsoleteAnnotation                 = "constellation.edgeless.systems/obsolete"
+	conditionNodeImageUpToDateReason   = "NodeImagesUpToDate"
+	conditionNodeImageUpToDateMessage  = "Node image of every node is up to date"
+	conditionNodeImageOutOfDateReason  = "NodeImagesOutOfDate"
+	conditionNodeImageOutOfDateMessage = "Some node images are out of date"
 )
 
 // NodeImageReconciler reconciles a NodeImage object
 type NodeImageReconciler struct {
+	nodeReplacer
 	client.Client
 	Scheme *runtime.Scheme
 }
 
+// NewNodeImageReconciler creates a new NodeImageReconciler.
+func NewNodeImageReconciler(nodeReplacer nodeReplacer, client client.Client, scheme *runtime.Scheme) *NodeImageReconciler {
+	return &NodeImageReconciler{
+		nodeReplacer: nodeReplacer,
+		Client:       client,
+		Scheme:       scheme,
+	}
+}
+
 //+kubebuilder:rbac:groups=update.edgeless.systems,resources=nodeimages,verbs=get;list;watch;create;update;patch;delete
 //+kubebuilder:rbac:groups=update.edgeless.systems,resources=nodeimages/status,verbs=get;update;patch
 //+kubebuilder:rbac:groups=update.edgeless.systems,resources=nodeimages/finalizers,verbs=update
 
-// Reconcile is part of the main kubernetes reconciliation loop which aims to
+// Reconcile replaces outdated nodes (using an old image) with new nodes (using a new image) as specified in the NodeImage spec.
-// move the current state of the cluster closer to the desired state.
-// TODO(user): Modify the Reconcile function to compare the state specified by
-// the NodeImage object against the actual cluster state, and then
-// perform operations to make the cluster state reflect the state specified by
-// the user.
-//
-// For more details, check Reconcile and its Result here:
-// - https://pkg.go.dev/sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime@v0.11.2/pkg/reconcile
 func (r *NodeImageReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (ctrl.Result, error) {
-	_ = log.FromContext(ctx)
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	logr.Info("Reconciling NodeImage")
 
-	// TODO(user): your logic here
+	var desiredNodeImage updatev1alpha1.NodeImage
+	if err := r.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, &desiredNodeImage); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, client.IgnoreNotFound(err)
+	}
+	// get list of autoscaling strategies
+	// there should be exactly one autoscaling strategy but we do not specify its name.
+	// if there is no autoscaling strategy, it is assumed that autoscaling is disabled.
+	var autoscalingStrategiesList updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyList
+	if err := r.List(ctx, &autoscalingStrategiesList); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	var autoscalingEnabled bool
+	for _, autoscalingStrategy := range autoscalingStrategiesList.Items {
+		if autoscalingStrategy.Status.Enabled {
+			autoscalingEnabled = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get list of all nodes
+	var nodeList corev1.NodeList
+	if err := r.List(ctx, &nodeList); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Unable to list nodes")
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// get list of all pending nodes
+	var pendingNodeList updatev1alpha1.PendingNodeList
+	if err := r.List(ctx, &pendingNodeList, client.InNamespace(req.Namespace)); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Unable to list pending nodes")
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// get list of all scaling groups
+	var scalingGroupList updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupList
+	if err := r.List(ctx, &scalingGroupList, client.InNamespace(req.Namespace)); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Unable to list scaling groups")
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	scalingGroupByID := make(map[string]updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup, len(scalingGroupList.Items))
+	for _, scalingGroup := range scalingGroupList.Items {
+		scalingGroupByID[scalingGroup.Spec.GroupID] = scalingGroup
+	}
+	annotatedNodes, invalidNodes := r.annotateNodes(ctx, nodeList.Items)
+	groups := groupNodes(annotatedNodes, pendingNodeList.Items, desiredNodeImage.Spec.ImageReference)
+
+	logr.Info("Grouped nodes",
+		"outdatedNodes", len(groups.Outdated),
+		"upToDateNodes", len(groups.UpToDate),
+		"donorNodes", len(groups.Donors),
+		"heirNodes", len(groups.Heirs),
+		"mintNodes", len(groups.Mint),
+		"pendingNodes", len(pendingNodeList.Items),
+		"obsoleteNodes", len(groups.Obsolete),
+		"invalidNodes", len(invalidNodes))
+
+	// extraNodes are nodes that exist in the scaling group which cannot be used for regular workloads.
+	// consists of nodes that are
+	// - being created (joining)
+	// - being destroyed (leaving)
+	// - heirs to outdated nodes
+	extraNodes := len(groups.Heirs) + len(pendingNodeList.Items)
+	// newNodesBudget is the maximum number of new nodes that can be created in this Reconcile call.
+	var newNodesBudget int
+	if extraNodes < nodeOverprovisionLimit {
+		newNodesBudget = nodeOverprovisionLimit - extraNodes
+	}
+	logr.Info("Budget for new nodes", "newNodesBudget", newNodesBudget)
+
+	status := nodeImageStatus(r.Scheme, groups, pendingNodeList.Items, invalidNodes, newNodesBudget)
+	if err := r.tryUpdateStatus(ctx, req.NamespacedName, status); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Updating status")
+	}
+
+	allNodesUpToDate := len(groups.Outdated)+len(groups.Heirs)+len(pendingNodeList.Items)+len(groups.Obsolete) == 0
+	if err := r.ensureAutoscaling(ctx, autoscalingEnabled, allNodesUpToDate); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Ensure autoscaling", "autoscalingEnabledIs", autoscalingEnabled, "autoscalingEnabledWant", allNodesUpToDate)
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+
+	if allNodesUpToDate {
+		logr.Info("All node images up to date")
+		return ctrl.Result{}, nil
+	}
+
+	// find pairs of mint nodes and outdated nodes in the same scaling group to become donor & heir
+	replacementPairs := r.pairDonorsAndHeirs(ctx, &desiredNodeImage, groups.Outdated, groups.Mint)
+	// extend replacement pairs to include existing pairs of donors and heirs
+	replacementPairs = r.matchDonorsAndHeirs(ctx, replacementPairs, groups.Donors, groups.Heirs)
+	// replace donor nodes by heirs
+	for _, pair := range replacementPairs {
+		logr.Info("Replacing node", "donorNode", pair.donor.Name, "heirNode", pair.heir.Name)
+		if err := r.replaceNode(ctx, &desiredNodeImage, pair); err != nil {
+			logr.Error(err, "Replacing node")
+			return ctrl.Result{}, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// only create new nodes if the autoscaler is disabled.
+	// otherwise, new nodes will also be created by the autoscaler
+	if autoscalingEnabled {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, nil
+	}
+
+	if err := r.createNewNodes(ctx, desiredNodeImage, groups.Outdated, pendingNodeList.Items, scalingGroupByID, newNodesBudget); err != nil {
+		return ctrl.Result{}, err
+	}
+	// cleanup obsolete nodes
+	for _, node := range groups.Obsolete {
+		if _, err := r.deleteNode(ctx, &desiredNodeImage, node); err != nil {
+			logr.Error(err, "Unable to remove obsolete node")
+		}
+	}
 
 	return ctrl.Result{}, nil
 }
@@ -43,5 +188,590 @@ func (r *NodeImageReconciler) Reconcile(ctx context.Context, req ctrl.Request) (
 func (r *NodeImageReconciler) SetupWithManager(mgr ctrl.Manager) error {
 	return ctrl.NewControllerManagedBy(mgr).
 		For(&updatev1alpha1.NodeImage{}).
+		Watches(
+			&source.Kind{Type: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{}},
+			handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.findObjectsForScalingGroup),
+			builder.WithPredicates(scalingGroupImageChangedPredicate()),
+		).
+		Watches(
+			&source.Kind{Type: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{}},
+			handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.findAllNodeImages),
+			builder.WithPredicates(autoscalerEnabledStatusChangedPredicate()),
+		).
+		Watches(
+			&source.Kind{Type: &corev1.Node{}},
+			handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.findAllNodeImages),
+			builder.WithPredicates(nodeReadyPredicate()),
+		).
+		Watches(
+			&source.Kind{Type: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{}},
+			handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.findAllNodeImages),
+			builder.WithPredicates(nodeMaintenanceSucceededPredicate()),
+		).
+		Owns(&updatev1alpha1.PendingNode{}).
 		Complete(r)
 }
+
+// annotateNodes takes all nodes of the cluster and annotates them with the scaling group they are in and the image they are using.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) annotateNodes(ctx context.Context, nodes []corev1.Node) (annotatedNodes, invalidNodes []corev1.Node) {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		annotations := make(map[string]string)
+		if node.Spec.ProviderID == "" {
+			logr.Info("Node is missing providerID", "invalidNode", node.Name)
+			invalidNodes = append(invalidNodes, node)
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := node.Annotations[scalingGroupAnnotation]; !ok {
+			scalingGroupID, err := r.nodeReplacer.GetScalingGroupID(ctx, node.Spec.ProviderID)
+			if err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to get node scaling group")
+				invalidNodes = append(invalidNodes, node)
+				continue
+			}
+			annotations[scalingGroupAnnotation] = scalingGroupID
+		}
+		if _, ok := node.Annotations[nodeImageAnnotation]; !ok {
+			nodeImage, err := r.nodeReplacer.GetNodeImage(ctx, node.Spec.ProviderID)
+			if err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to get node image")
+				invalidNodes = append(invalidNodes, node)
+				continue
+			}
+			annotations[nodeImageAnnotation] = nodeImage
+		}
+		if len(annotations) > 0 {
+			if err := r.patchNodeAnnotations(ctx, node.Name, annotations); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to patch node annotations")
+				invalidNodes = append(invalidNodes, node)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: node.Name}, &node); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to get patched node")
+				invalidNodes = append(invalidNodes, node)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		annotatedNodes = append(annotatedNodes, node)
+	}
+	return annotatedNodes, invalidNodes
+}
+
+// pairDonorsAndHeirs takes a list of outdated nodes (that do not yet have a heir node) and a list of mint nodes (nodes using the latest image) and pairs matching nodes to become donor and heir.
+// outdatedNodes is also updated with heir annotations.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) pairDonorsAndHeirs(ctx context.Context, controller metav1.Object, outdatedNodes []corev1.Node, mintNodes []mintNode) []replacementPair {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	var pairs []replacementPair
+	for _, mintNode := range mintNodes {
+		var foundReplacement bool
+		// find outdated node in the same group
+		for i := range outdatedNodes {
+			outdatedNode := &outdatedNodes[i]
+			if outdatedNode.Annotations[scalingGroupAnnotation] != mintNode.pendingNode.Spec.ScalingGroupID || len(outdatedNode.Annotations[heirAnnotation]) != 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			// mark as donor <-> heir pair and delete "pending node" resource
+			if err := r.patchNodeAnnotations(ctx, mintNode.node.Name, map[string]string{donorAnnotation: outdatedNode.Name}); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to update mint node donor annotation", "mintNode", mintNode.node.Name)
+				break
+			}
+			if mintNode.node.Annotations == nil {
+				mintNode.node.Annotations = make(map[string]string)
+			}
+			mintNode.node.Annotations[donorAnnotation] = outdatedNode.Name
+			if err := r.patchNodeAnnotations(ctx, outdatedNode.Name, map[string]string{heirAnnotation: mintNode.node.Name}); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to update outdated node heir annotation", "outdatedNode", outdatedNode.Name)
+				break
+			}
+			outdatedNode.Annotations[heirAnnotation] = mintNode.node.Name
+			if err := r.Delete(ctx, &mintNode.pendingNode); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to delete pending node resource", "pendingNode", mintNode.pendingNode.Name)
+				break
+			}
+			pairs = append(pairs, replacementPair{
+				donor: *outdatedNode,
+				heir:  mintNode.node,
+			})
+			logr.Info("New matched up pair", "donorNode", outdatedNode.Name, "heirNode", mintNode.node.Name)
+			foundReplacement = true
+			break
+		}
+		if !foundReplacement {
+			// mint node was not needed as heir. Cleanup obsolete resources.
+			if err := r.Delete(ctx, &mintNode.pendingNode); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to delete pending node resource", "pendingNode", mintNode.pendingNode.Name)
+				break
+			}
+			if err := r.patchNodeAnnotations(ctx, mintNode.node.Name, map[string]string{obsoleteAnnotation: "true"}); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to update mint node obsolete annotation", "mintNode", mintNode.node.Name)
+				break
+			}
+			if _, err := r.deleteNode(ctx, controller, mintNode.node); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to delete obsolete node", "obsoleteNode", mintNode.node.Name)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return pairs
+}
+
+// matchDonorsAndHeirs takes separate lists of donors and heirs and matches each heir to its previously chosen donor.
+// a list of replacement pairs is returned.
+// donors and heirs with invalid pair references are cleaned up (the donor/heir annotations gets removed).
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) matchDonorsAndHeirs(ctx context.Context, pairs []replacementPair, donors, heirs []corev1.Node) []replacementPair {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	for _, heir := range heirs {
+		var foundPair bool
+		for _, donor := range donors {
+			if heir.Annotations[donorAnnotation] == donor.Name {
+				pairs = append(pairs, replacementPair{
+					donor: donor,
+					heir:  heir,
+				})
+				foundPair = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !foundPair {
+			// remove donor annotation from heir
+			if err := r.patchUnsetNodeAnnotations(ctx, heir.Name, []string{donorAnnotation}); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to remove donor annotation from heir", "heirNode", heir.Name)
+			}
+			delete(heir.Annotations, donorAnnotation)
+		}
+	}
+	// iterate over all donors and remove donor annotation from nodes that are not in a pair
+	// (cleanup)
+	for _, donor := range donors {
+		var foundPair bool
+		for _, pair := range pairs {
+			if pair.donor.Name == donor.Name {
+				foundPair = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !foundPair {
+			// remove heir annotation from donor
+			if err := r.patchUnsetNodeAnnotations(ctx, donor.Name, []string{heirAnnotation}); err != nil {
+				logr.Error(err, "Unable to remove heir annotation from donor", "donorNode", donor.Name)
+			}
+			delete(donor.Annotations, heirAnnotation)
+		}
+	}
+	return pairs
+}
+
+// ensureAutoscaling will ensure that the autoscaling is enabled or disabled as needed.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) ensureAutoscaling(ctx context.Context, autoscalingEnabled bool, wantAutoscalingEnabled bool) error {
+	if autoscalingEnabled == wantAutoscalingEnabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var autoscalingStrategiesList updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyList
+	if err := r.List(ctx, &autoscalingStrategiesList); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for i := range autoscalingStrategiesList.Items {
+		if err := retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+			var autoscalingStrategy updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy
+			if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: autoscalingStrategiesList.Items[i].Name}, &autoscalingStrategy); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			autoscalingStrategy.Spec.Enabled = wantAutoscalingEnabled
+			return r.Client.Update(ctx, &autoscalingStrategy)
+		}); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// replaceNode take a donor and a heir node and then replaces the donor node by the heir node.
+//
+// Replacing nodes involves the following steps:
+// Labels are copied from the donor node to the heir node.
+// Readiness of the heir node is awaited.
+// Deletion of the donor node is scheduled.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) replaceNode(ctx context.Context, controller metav1.Object, pair replacementPair) error {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(nodeutil.FilterLabels(pair.donor.Labels), nodeutil.FilterLabels(pair.heir.Labels)) {
+		if err := r.copyNodeLabels(ctx, pair.donor.Name, pair.heir.Name); err != nil {
+			logr.Error(err, "Copy node labels")
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	heirReady := nodeutil.Ready(&pair.heir)
+	if !heirReady {
+		return nil
+	}
+	_, err := r.deleteNode(ctx, controller, pair.donor)
+	return err
+}
+
+// deleteNode safely removes a node from the cluster and issues termination of the node by the CSP.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) deleteNode(ctx context.Context, controller metav1.Object, node corev1.Node) (bool, error) {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	// cordon & drain node using node-maintenance-operator
+	var foundNodeMaintenance nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance
+	err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: node.Name}, &foundNodeMaintenance)
+	if client.IgnoreNotFound(err) != nil {
+		// unexpected error occurred
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		// NodeMaintenance resource does not exist yet
+		nodeMaintenance := nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{
+			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+				Name: node.Name,
+			},
+			Spec: nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenanceSpec{
+				NodeName: node.Name,
+				Reason:   "node is replaced due to OS image update",
+			},
+		}
+		return false, r.Create(ctx, &nodeMaintenance)
+	}
+
+	// NodeMaintenance resource already exists. Check cordon & drain status.
+	if foundNodeMaintenance.Status.Phase != nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceSucceeded {
+		logr.Info("Cordon & drain in progress", "maintenanceNode", node.Name, "nodeMaintenanceStatus", foundNodeMaintenance.Status.Phase)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// node is unused & ready to be replaced
+	if err := r.Delete(ctx, &node); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Deleting node")
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	logr.Info("Deleted node", "deletedNode", node.Name)
+	// schedule deletion of the node with the CSP
+	if err := r.DeleteNode(ctx, node.Spec.ProviderID); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Scheduling CSP node deletion", "providerID", node.Spec.ProviderID)
+	}
+	deadline := metav1.NewTime(time.Now().Add(nodeLeaveTimeout))
+	pendingNode := updatev1alpha1.PendingNode{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Namespace: controller.GetNamespace(),
+			Name:      node.Name,
+		},
+		Spec: updatev1alpha1.PendingNodeSpec{
+			ProviderID:     node.Spec.ProviderID,
+			ScalingGroupID: node.Annotations[scalingGroupAnnotation],
+			NodeName:       node.Name,
+			Goal:           updatev1alpha1.NodeGoalLeave,
+			Deadline:       &deadline,
+		},
+	}
+	if err := ctrl.SetControllerReference(controller, &pendingNode, r.Scheme); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if err := r.Create(ctx, &pendingNode); err != nil {
+		logr.Error(err, "Tracking CSP node deletion")
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// createNewNodes creates new nodes using up to date images as replacement for outdated nodes.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) createNewNodes(
+	ctx context.Context, desiredNodeImage updatev1alpha1.NodeImage,
+	outdatedNodes []corev1.Node, pendingNodes []updatev1alpha1.PendingNode,
+	scalingGroupByID map[string]updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup, newNodesBudget int,
+) error {
+	logr := log.FromContext(ctx)
+	if newNodesBudget < 1 || len(outdatedNodes) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, node := range outdatedNodes {
+		// skip outdated nodes that got assigned an heir in this Reconcile call
+		if len(node.Annotations[heirAnnotation]) != 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup[node.Annotations[scalingGroupAnnotation]]++
+	}
+	pendingJoiningNodesPerScalingGroup := make(map[string]int)
+	for _, pendingNode := range pendingNodes {
+		// skip pending nodes that are not joining
+		if pendingNode.Spec.Goal != updatev1alpha1.NodeGoalJoin {
+			continue
+		}
+		pendingJoiningNodesPerScalingGroup[pendingNode.Spec.ScalingGroupID]++
+	}
+	requiredNodesPerScalingGroup := make(map[string]int, len(outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup))
+	for scalingGroupID := range outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup {
+		if pendingJoiningNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] < outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] {
+			requiredNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] = outdatedNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] - pendingJoiningNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID]
+		}
+	}
+	for scalingGroupID := range requiredNodesPerScalingGroup {
+		scalingGroup, ok := scalingGroupByID[scalingGroupID]
+		if !ok {
+			logr.Info("Scaling group does not have matching resource", "scalingGroup", scalingGroupID)
+			continue
+		}
+		if scalingGroup.Status.ImageReference != desiredNodeImage.Spec.ImageReference {
+			logr.Info("Scaling group does not use latest image", "scalingGroup", scalingGroupID, "usedImage", scalingGroup.Status.ImageReference, "wantedImage", desiredNodeImage.Spec.ImageReference)
+			continue
+		}
+		if requiredNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for {
+			if newNodesBudget == 0 {
+				return nil
+			}
+			if requiredNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID] == 0 {
+				break
+			}
+			logr.Info("Creating new node", "scalingGroup", scalingGroupID)
+			nodeName, providerID, err := r.CreateNode(ctx, scalingGroupID)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			deadline := metav1.NewTime(time.Now().Add(nodeJoinTimeout))
+			pendingNode := &updatev1alpha1.PendingNode{
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: nodeName},
+				Spec: updatev1alpha1.PendingNodeSpec{
+					ProviderID:     providerID,
+					ScalingGroupID: scalingGroupID,
+					NodeName:       nodeName,
+					Goal:           updatev1alpha1.NodeGoalJoin,
+					Deadline:       &deadline,
+				},
+			}
+			if err := ctrl.SetControllerReference(&desiredNodeImage, pendingNode, r.Scheme); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := r.Create(ctx, pendingNode); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			logr.Info("Created new node", "createdNode", nodeName, "scalingGroup", scalingGroupID)
+			requiredNodesPerScalingGroup[scalingGroupID]--
+			newNodesBudget--
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// patchNodeAnnotations attempts to patch node annotations in a retry loop.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) patchNodeAnnotations(ctx context.Context, nodeName string, annotations map[string]string) error {
+	return retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+		var node corev1.Node
+		if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: nodeName}, &node); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		patchedNode := node.DeepCopy()
+		patch := patch.SetAnnotations(&node, patchedNode, annotations)
+		return r.Client.Patch(ctx, patchedNode, patch)
+	})
+}
+
+// patchNodeAnnotations attempts to remove node annotations using a patch in a retry loop.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) patchUnsetNodeAnnotations(ctx context.Context, nodeName string, annotationKeys []string) error {
+	return retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+		var node corev1.Node
+		if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: nodeName}, &node); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		patchedNode := node.DeepCopy()
+		patch := patch.UnsetAnnotations(&node, patchedNode, annotationKeys)
+		return r.Client.Patch(ctx, patchedNode, patch)
+	})
+}
+
+// copyNodeLabels attempts to copy all node labels (except for reserved labels) from one node to another in a retry loop.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) copyNodeLabels(ctx context.Context, oldNodeName, newNodeName string) error {
+	return retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+		var oldNode corev1.Node
+		if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: oldNodeName}, &oldNode); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var newNode corev1.Node
+		if err := r.Get(ctx, types.NamespacedName{Name: newNodeName}, &newNode); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		patchedNode := newNode.DeepCopy()
+		patch := patch.SetLabels(&newNode, patchedNode, nodeutil.FilterLabels(oldNode.GetLabels()))
+		return r.Client.Patch(ctx, patchedNode, patch)
+	})
+}
+
+// tryUpdateStatus attempts to update the NodeImage status field in a retry loop.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) tryUpdateStatus(ctx context.Context, name types.NamespacedName, status updatev1alpha1.NodeImageStatus) error {
+	return retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
+		var nodeImage updatev1alpha1.NodeImage
+		if err := r.Get(ctx, name, &nodeImage); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		nodeImage.Status = *status.DeepCopy()
+		if err := r.Status().Update(ctx, &nodeImage); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// nodeImageStatus generates the NodeImage.Status field given node groups and the budget for new nodes.
+func nodeImageStatus(scheme *runtime.Scheme, groups nodeGroups, pendingNodes []updatev1alpha1.PendingNode, invalidNodes []corev1.Node, newNodesBudget int) updatev1alpha1.NodeImageStatus {
+	var status updatev1alpha1.NodeImageStatus
+	outdatedCondition := metav1.Condition{
+		Type: updatev1alpha1.ConditionOutdated,
+	}
+	if len(groups.Outdated)+len(groups.Heirs)+len(pendingNodes)+len(groups.Obsolete) == 0 {
+		outdatedCondition.Status = metav1.ConditionFalse
+		outdatedCondition.Reason = conditionNodeImageUpToDateReason
+		outdatedCondition.Message = conditionNodeImageUpToDateMessage
+	} else {
+		outdatedCondition.Status = metav1.ConditionTrue
+		outdatedCondition.Reason = conditionNodeImageOutOfDateReason
+		outdatedCondition.Message = conditionNodeImageOutOfDateMessage
+	}
+	meta.SetStatusCondition(&status.Conditions, outdatedCondition)
+	for _, node := range groups.Outdated {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Outdated = append(status.Outdated, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, node := range groups.UpToDate {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.UpToDate = append(status.UpToDate, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, node := range groups.Donors {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Donors = append(status.Donors, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, node := range groups.Heirs {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Heirs = append(status.Heirs, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, node := range groups.Obsolete {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Obsolete = append(status.Obsolete, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, node := range invalidNodes {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Invalid = append(status.Invalid, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, mintN := range groups.Mint {
+		nodeRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &mintN.node)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Mints = append(status.Mints, *nodeRef)
+	}
+	for _, pending := range pendingNodes {
+		pendingRef, err := ref.GetReference(scheme, &pending)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		status.Pending = append(status.Pending, *pendingRef)
+	}
+	status.Budget = uint32(newNodesBudget)
+	return status
+}
+
+// mintNode is a pair of a freshly joined kubernetes nodes
+// and the corresponding (left over) pending node resource.
+type mintNode struct {
+	node        corev1.Node
+	pendingNode updatev1alpha1.PendingNode
+}
+
+// replacementPair is a pair of a donor (outdated node that should be replaced)
+// and a heir (up to date node that inherits node labels)
+type replacementPair struct {
+	donor corev1.Node
+	heir  corev1.Node
+}
+
+// nodeGroups is a collection of disjoint sets of nodes.
+// every properly annotated kubernetes node can be placed in exactly one of the sets.
+type nodeGroups struct {
+	// Outdated nodes are nodes that
+	// do not use the most recent image AND
+	// are not yet a donor to an up to date heir node
+	Outdated,
+	// UpToDate nodes are nodes that
+	// use the most recent image,
+	// are not an heir to an outdated donor node AND
+	// are not mint nodes
+	UpToDate,
+	// Donors are nodes that
+	// do not use the most recent image AND
+	// are paired up with an up to date heir node
+	Donors,
+	// Heirs are nodes that
+	// use the most recent image AND
+	// are paired up with an outdated donor node
+	Heirs,
+	// Obsolete nodes are nodes that
+	// were created by the operator as replacements (heirs)
+	// but could not get paired up with a donor node.
+	// They will be cleaned up by the operator.
+	Obsolete []corev1.Node
+	// Mint nodes are nodes that
+	// use the most recent image AND
+	// were created by the operator as replacements (heirs)
+	// and are awaiting pairing up with a donor node.
+	Mint []mintNode
+}
+
+// groupNodes classifies nodes by placing each into exactly one group.
+func groupNodes(nodes []corev1.Node, pendingNodes []updatev1alpha1.PendingNode, latestImageReference string) nodeGroups {
+	groups := nodeGroups{}
+	for _, node := range nodes {
+		if node.Annotations[obsoleteAnnotation] == "true" {
+			groups.Obsolete = append(groups.Obsolete, node)
+			continue
+		}
+		if node.Annotations[nodeImageAnnotation] != latestImageReference {
+			if heir := node.Annotations[heirAnnotation]; heir != "" {
+				groups.Donors = append(groups.Donors, node)
+			} else {
+				groups.Outdated = append(groups.Outdated, node)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if donor := node.Annotations[donorAnnotation]; donor != "" {
+			groups.Heirs = append(groups.Heirs, node)
+			continue
+		}
+		if pendingNode := nodeutil.FindPending(pendingNodes, &node); pendingNode != nil {
+			groups.Mint = append(groups.Mint, mintNode{
+				node:        node,
+				pendingNode: *pendingNode,
+			})
+			continue
+		}
+		groups.UpToDate = append(groups.UpToDate, node)
+	}
+	return groups
+}
+
+type nodeReplacer interface {
+	// GetNodeImage retrieves the image currently used by a node.
+	GetNodeImage(ctx context.Context, providerID string) (string, error)
+	// GetScalingGroupID retrieves the scaling group that a node is part of.
+	GetScalingGroupID(ctx context.Context, providerID string) (string, error)
+	// CreateNode creates a new node inside a specified scaling group at the CSP and returns its future name and provider id.
+	CreateNode(ctx context.Context, scalingGroupID string) (nodeName, providerID string, err error)
+	// DeleteNode starts the termination of the node at the CSP.
+	DeleteNode(ctx context.Context, providerID string) error
+}

operators/constellation-node-operator/controllers/nodeimage_watches.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	node "github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/internal/node"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/event"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/predicate"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/reconcile"
+
+	updatev1alpha1 "github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/api/v1alpha1"
+	nodemaintenancev1beta1 "github.com/medik8s/node-maintenance-operator/api/v1beta1"
+)
+
+// scalingGroupImageChangedPredicate checks if a scaling group has adopted a new node image for future nodes.
+func scalingGroupImageChangedPredicate() predicate.Predicate {
+	return predicate.Funcs{
+		UpdateFunc: func(e event.UpdateEvent) bool {
+			oldScalingGroup, ok := e.ObjectOld.(*updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			newScalingGroup, ok := e.ObjectNew.(*updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			return oldScalingGroup.Status.ImageReference != newScalingGroup.Status.ImageReference
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// autoscalerEnabledStatusChangedPredicate checks if the autoscaler was either enabled or disabled.
+func autoscalerEnabledStatusChangedPredicate() predicate.Predicate {
+	return predicate.Funcs{
+		UpdateFunc: func(e event.UpdateEvent) bool {
+			oldAutoscalingStrat, ok := e.ObjectOld.(*updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			newAutoscalingStrat, ok := e.ObjectNew.(*updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			return oldAutoscalingStrat.Status.Enabled != newAutoscalingStrat.Status.Enabled
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// nodeReadyPredicate checks if a node became ready or acquired a providerID.
+func nodeReadyPredicate() predicate.Predicate {
+	return predicate.Funcs{
+		UpdateFunc: func(e event.UpdateEvent) bool {
+			oldNode, ok := e.ObjectOld.(*corev1.Node)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			newNode, ok := e.ObjectNew.(*corev1.Node)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			becameReady := !node.Ready(oldNode) && node.Ready(newNode)
+			receivedProviderID := len(oldNode.Spec.ProviderID) == 0 && len(newNode.Spec.ProviderID) != 0
+			return becameReady || receivedProviderID
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// nodeMaintenanceSucceededPredicate checks if a node maintenance resource switched its status to "maintenance succeeded".
+func nodeMaintenanceSucceededPredicate() predicate.Predicate {
+	return predicate.Funcs{
+		UpdateFunc: func(e event.UpdateEvent) bool {
+			oldNode, ok := e.ObjectOld.(*nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			newNode, ok := e.ObjectNew.(*nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance)
+			if !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			succeeded := oldNode.Status.Phase != nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceSucceeded &&
+				newNode.Status.Phase == nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceSucceeded
+			return succeeded
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// findObjectsForScalingGroup requests a reconcile call for the node image referenced by a scaling group.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) findObjectsForScalingGroup(rawScalingGroup client.Object) []reconcile.Request {
+	scalingGroup := rawScalingGroup.(*updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup)
+	return []reconcile.Request{
+		{NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{Name: scalingGroup.Spec.NodeImage}},
+	}
+}
+
+// findAllNodeImages requests a reconcile call for all node images.
+func (r *NodeImageReconciler) findAllNodeImages(_ client.Object) []reconcile.Request {
+	var nodeImageList updatev1alpha1.NodeImageList
+	err := r.List(context.TODO(), &nodeImageList)
+	if err != nil {
+		return []reconcile.Request{}
+	}
+	requests := make([]reconcile.Request, len(nodeImageList.Items))
+	for i, item := range nodeImageList.Items {
+		requests[i] = reconcile.Request{
+			NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{Name: item.GetName()},
+		}
+	}
+	return requests
+}

operators/constellation-node-operator/controllers/nodeimage_watches_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+package controllers
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	corev1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
+	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/client"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/event"
+	"sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg/reconcile"
+
+	updatev1alpha1 "github.com/edgelesssys/constellation/operators/constellation-node-operator/api/v1alpha1"
+	nodemaintenancev1beta1 "github.com/medik8s/node-maintenance-operator/api/v1beta1"
+)
+
+func TestScalingGroupImageChangedPredicate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		event          event.UpdateEvent
+		wantProcessing bool
+	}{
+		"old object is not a scaling group": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{},
+			},
+		},
+		"new object is not a scaling group": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{},
+			},
+		},
+		"image reference is unchanged": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupStatus{ImageReference: "image-reference"},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupStatus{ImageReference: "image-reference"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"image reference has changed": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupStatus{ImageReference: "old-image-reference"},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupStatus{ImageReference: "new-image-reference"},
+				},
+			},
+			wantProcessing: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert := assert.New(t)
+			predicate := scalingGroupImageChangedPredicate()
+			assert.Equal(tc.wantProcessing, predicate.Update(tc.event))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAutoscalerEnabledStatusChangedPredicate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		event          event.UpdateEvent
+		wantProcessing bool
+	}{
+		"old object is not an autoscaling strategy": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{},
+			},
+		},
+		"new object is not an autoscaling strategy": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{},
+			},
+		},
+		"status is unchanged": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyStatus{Enabled: true},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyStatus{Enabled: true},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"status has changed": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyStatus{},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategy{
+					Status: updatev1alpha1.AutoscalingStrategyStatus{Enabled: true},
+				},
+			},
+			wantProcessing: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert := assert.New(t)
+			predicate := autoscalerEnabledStatusChangedPredicate()
+			assert.Equal(tc.wantProcessing, predicate.Update(tc.event))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNodeReadyPredicate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		event          event.UpdateEvent
+		wantProcessing bool
+	}{
+		"old object is not a node": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectNew: &corev1.Node{},
+			},
+		},
+		"new object is not a node": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &corev1.Node{},
+			},
+		},
+		"status is unchanged": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &corev1.Node{},
+				ObjectNew: &corev1.Node{},
+			},
+		},
+		"node became ready": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &corev1.Node{
+					Status: corev1.NodeStatus{
+						Conditions: []corev1.NodeCondition{
+							{Type: corev1.NodeReady, Status: corev1.ConditionFalse},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &corev1.Node{
+					Status: corev1.NodeStatus{
+						Conditions: []corev1.NodeCondition{
+							{Type: corev1.NodeReady, Status: corev1.ConditionTrue},
+						},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantProcessing: true,
+		},
+		"node acquired provider id": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &corev1.Node{},
+				ObjectNew: &corev1.Node{
+					Spec: corev1.NodeSpec{
+						ProviderID: "provider-id",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantProcessing: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert := assert.New(t)
+			predicate := nodeReadyPredicate()
+			assert.Equal(tc.wantProcessing, predicate.Update(tc.event))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNodeMaintenanceSucceededPredicate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		event          event.UpdateEvent
+		wantProcessing bool
+	}{
+		"old object is not a node maintenance resource": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectNew: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{},
+			},
+		},
+		"new object is not a node maintenance resource": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{},
+			},
+		},
+		"status is unchanged": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{
+					Status: nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenanceStatus{
+						Phase: nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceRunning,
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{
+					Status: nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenanceStatus{
+						Phase: nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceRunning,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		"status has changed": {
+			event: event.UpdateEvent{
+				ObjectOld: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{
+					Status: nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenanceStatus{
+						Phase: nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceRunning,
+					},
+				},
+				ObjectNew: &nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenance{
+					Status: nodemaintenancev1beta1.NodeMaintenanceStatus{
+						Phase: nodemaintenancev1beta1.MaintenanceSucceeded,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			wantProcessing: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert := assert.New(t)
+			predicate := nodeMaintenanceSucceededPredicate()
+			assert.Equal(tc.wantProcessing, predicate.Update(tc.event))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindObjectsForScalingGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	scalingGroup := updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroup{
+		Spec: updatev1alpha1.ScalingGroupSpec{
+			NodeImage: "nodeimage",
+		},
+	}
+	wantRequests := []reconcile.Request{
+		{
+			NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
+				Name: "nodeimage",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	assert := assert.New(t)
+	reconciler := NodeImageReconciler{}
+	requests := reconciler.findObjectsForScalingGroup(&scalingGroup)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(wantRequests, requests)
+}
+
+func TestFindAllNodeImages(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := map[string]struct {
+		nodeImage         client.Object
+		listNodeImagesErr error
+		wantRequests      []reconcile.Request
+	}{
+		"getting the corresponding node images fails": {
+			listNodeImagesErr: errors.New("get-node-images-err"),
+		},
+		"node image reconcile request is returned": {
+			nodeImage: &updatev1alpha1.NodeImage{
+				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{Name: "nodeimage"},
+			},
+			wantRequests: []reconcile.Request{
+				{
+					NamespacedName: types.NamespacedName{
+						Name: "nodeimage",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for name, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert := assert.New(t)
+
+			reconciler := NodeImageReconciler{
+				Client: newStubReaderClient(t, []runtime.Object{tc.nodeImage}, nil, tc.listNodeImagesErr),
+			}
+			requests := reconciler.findAllNodeImages(nil)
+			assert.ElementsMatch(tc.wantRequests, requests)
+		})
+	}
+}