diff --git a/EVM-and-opcodes/opcodes.md b/EVM-and-opcodes/opcodes.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d00e376 --- /dev/null +++ b/EVM-and-opcodes/opcodes.md @@ -0,0 +1,255 @@ +## Opcodes + +
+ +EVM instruction set can be classified into 11 categories: + +* Stop and Arithmetic Operations +* Comparison & Bitwise Logic Operations +* SHA3 +* Environmental Information +* Block Information +* Stack, Memory, Storage and Flow Operations +* Push Operations +* Duplication Operations +* Exchange Operations +* Logging Operations +* System Operations + + + +
+ +--- + +### Stop and Arithmetic Operation + +0x00 STOP 0 0 Halts execution + +0x01 ADD 2 1 Addition operation + +0x02 MUL 2 1 Multiplication operation + +0x03 SUB 2 1 Subtraction operation + +0x04 DIV 2 1 Integer division operation + +0x05 SDIV 2 1 Signed integer division operation (truncated) + +0x06 MOD 2 1 Modulo remainder operation + +0x07 SMOD 2 1 Signed modulo remainder operation + +0x08 ADDMOD 3 1 Modulo addition operation + +0x09 MULMOD 3 1 Modulo multiplication operation + +0x0a EXP 2 1 Exponential operation + +0x0b SIGNEXTEND 2 1 Extend length of two’s complement signed integer + + +
+ +--- + +## Comparison & Bitwise Logic Operations + +0x10 LT 2 1 Less-than comparison + +0x11 GT 2 1 Greater-than comparison + +0x12 SLT 2 1 Signed less-than comparison + +0x13 SGT 2 1 Signed greater-than comparison + +0x14 EQ 2 1 Equality comparison + +0x15 ISZERO 1 1 Simple not operator + +0x16 AND 2 1 Bitwise AND operation + +0x17 OR 2 1 Bitwise OR operation + +0x18 XOR 2 1 Bitwise XOR operation + +0x19 NOT 1 1 Bitwise NOT operation + +0x1a BYTE 2 1 Retrieve single byte from word + +0x1b SHL 2 1 Left shift operation + +0x1c SHR 2 1 Logical right shift operation + +0x1d SAR 2 1 Arithmetic (signed) right shift operation + +
+ +--- + +### Environmental Information + +0x30 ADDRESS 0 1 Get address of currently executing account + +0x31 BALANCE 1 1 Get balance of the given account + +0x32 ORIGIN 0 1 Get execution origination address + +0x33 CALLER 0 1 Get caller address + +0x34 CALLVALUE 0 1 Get deposited value by the instruction/transaction responsible for this execution + +0x35 CALLDATALOAD 1 1 Get input data of current environment + +0x36 CALLDATASIZE 0 1 Get size of input data in current environment + +0x37 CALLDATACOPY 3 0 Copy input data in current environment to memory + +0x38 CODESIZE 0 1 Get size of code running in current environment + +0x39 CODECOPY 3 0 Copy code running in current environment to memory + +0x3a GASPRICE 0 1 Get price of gas in current environment + +0x3b EXTCODESIZE 1 1 Get size of an account’s code + +0x3c EXTCODECOPY 4 0 Copy an account’s code to memory + +0x3d RETURNDATASIZE 0 1 Get size of output data from the previous call from the current environment + +0x3e RETURNDATACOPY 3 0 Copy output data from the previous call to memory + +0x3f EXTCODEHASH 1 1 Get hash of an account’s code + +
+ +--- + + +### Block Information + +0x40 BLOCKHASH 1 1 Get the hash of one of the 256 most recent complete blocks + +0x41 COINBASE 0 1 Get the block’s beneficiary address + +0x42 TIMESTAMP 0 1 Get the block’s timestamp + +0x43 NUMBER 0 1 Get the block’s number + +0x44 DIFFICULTY 0 1 Get the block’s difficulty + +0x45 GASLIMIT 0 1 Get the block’s gas limit + +
+ +--- + +### Stack, Memory, Storage and Flow Operations + +0x50 POP 1 0 Remove item from stack + +0x51 MLOAD 1 1 Load word from memory + +0x52 MSTORE 2 0 Save word to memory + +0x53 MSTORE8 2 0 Save byte to memory + +0x54 SLOAD 1 1 Load word from storage + +0x55 SSTORE 2 0 Save word to storage + +0x56 JUMP 1 0 Alter the program counter + +0x57 JUMPI 2 0 Conditionally alter the program counter + +0x58 PC 0 1 Get the value of the program counter prior to the increment corresponding to this instruction + +0x59 MSIZE 0 1 Get the size of active memory in bytes + +0x5a GAS 0 1 Get the amount of available gas, including the corresponding reduction for the cost of this instruction + +0x5b JUMPDEST 0 0 Mark a valid destination for jumps. This operation has no effect on machine state during execution. + +
+ +--- + +### Push Operations + +0x60 PUSH1 0 1 Place 1 byte item on stack + +0x61 PUSH2 0 1 Place 2-byte item on stack + +PUSH3, PUSH4, PUSH5…PUSH31 place 3, 4, 5..31 byte items on stack respectively + +0x7f PUSH32 0 1 Place 32-byte (full word) item on stack + +
+ +--- + +### Duplication Operations + +0x80 DUP1 1 2 Duplicate 1st stack item + +DUP2, DUP3..DUP15 duplicate 2nd, 3rd..15th stack item respectively + +0x8f DUP16 16 17 Duplicate 16th stack item + +
+ +--- + +### Exchange Operations + +0x90 SWAP1 2 2 Exchange 1st and 2nd stack items + +0x91 SWAP2 3 3 Exchange 1st and 3rd stack items + +SWAP3, SWAP4..SWAP15 exchange 1st and 4th..15th stack items respectively + +0x9f SWAP16 17 17 Exchange 1st and 17th stack items + + +
+ +--- + +### Logging Operations + +0xa0 LOG0 2 0 Append log record with no topics + +0xa1 LOG1 3 0 Append log record with one topic + +0xa2 LOG2 4 0 Append log record with two topics + +0xa3 LOG3 5 0 Append log record with three topics + +0xa4 LOG4 6 0 Append log record with four topics + +
+ +--- + +### System Operations + +0xf0 CREATE 3 1 Create a new account with associated code + +0xf1 CALL 7 1 Message-call into an account + +0xf2 CALLCODE 7 1 Message-call into this account with an alternative account’s code + +0xf3 RETURN 2 0 Halt execution returning output dat + +0xf4 DELEGATECALL 6 1 Message-call into this account with an alternative account’s code, but persisting the current values for sender and value + +0xf5 CREATE2 4 1 Create a new account with associated code + +0xfa STATICCALL 6 1 Static message-call into an account + +0xfd REVERT 2 0 Halt execution reverting state changes but returning data and remaining gas + +0xfe INVALID ∅ ∅ Designated invalid instruction + +0xff SELFDESTRUCT 1 0 Halt execution and register account for later deletion +