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@ -60,12 +60,13 @@ It makes no sense to say "this tool is secure". Security always depends on the t
### Select a USB/DVD:
* Tails will only work with USBs that are at least 8GB, DVDs, or SD cards. Any data on the USB will be completely erased during installation, so save it somewhere else before, and if you don't want any trace of what was there before, use a new USB.
* The [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#using-a-write-protect-switch) article recommends using a USB with a write-protect switch (an unmodifiable disk). When locked, the switch prevents the contents of the USB from being changed at all. This prevents a compromised Tails session from compromising your Tails USB. The write-protect switch must be turned off during installation. If you are unable to obtain such a USB, you can run Tails from a SD card, DVD-R/DVD+R, or always boot with the `toram` option (described in the article).
Tails will only work with USBs that are at least 8GB, DVDs, or SD cards. Any data on the USB will be completely erased during installation, so save it somewhere else before, and if you don't want any trace of what was there before, use a new USB.
The [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#using-a-write-protect-switch) article recommends using a USB with a write-protect switch (an unmodifiable disk). When locked, the switch prevents the contents of the USB from being changed at all. This prevents a compromised Tails session from compromising your Tails USB. The write-protect switch must be turned off during installation. If you are unable to obtain such a USB, you can run Tails from a SD card, DVD-R/DVD+R, or always boot with the `toram` option (described in the article).
### Select a laptop:
* Although it is possible to use Tails on a desktop computer, it is not recommended because it is only possible to [detect physical tampering](/posts/tamper/#tamper-evident-laptop-screws) on a laptop. See [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#reducing-risks-when-using-untrusted-computers) for more information on obtaining a laptop.
Although it is possible to use Tails on a desktop computer, it is not recommended because it is only possible to [detect physical tampering](/posts/tamper/#tamper-evident-laptop-screws) on a laptop. See [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#reducing-risks-when-using-untrusted-computers) for more information on obtaining a laptop.
Some laptop and USB models will not work with Tails, or some features will not work. To see if your model has any known issues, see the [Tails known issues page](https://tails.net/support/known_issues/).
@ -79,11 +80,11 @@ There are two solutions for the "source".
### Solution 1: Install from another Tails USB
* This requires knowing a Tails user you trust. A very simple software called the Tails Installer allows you to "clone" an existing Tails USB to a new one in a few minutes; see the documentation for cloning from a [PC](https://tails.net/install/clone/pc/index.en.html) or [Mac](https://tails.net/install/clone/mac/index.en.html). Any Persistent Storage data won't be transferred. The downside of this method is that it may spread a compromised installation.
This requires knowing a Tails user you trust. A very simple software called the Tails Installer allows you to "clone" an existing Tails USB to a new one in a few minutes; see the documentation for cloning from a [PC](https://tails.net/install/clone/pc/index.en.html) or [Mac](https://tails.net/install/clone/mac/index.en.html). Any Persistent Storage data won't be transferred. The downside of this method is that it may spread a compromised installation.
### Solution 2: Install by download (preferred)
* Follow the [Tails installation instructions](https://tails.net/install/index.en.html); it is important to follow the entire tutorial. It is possible for an attacker to intercept and modify the data on its way to you (this is called a [man-in-the-middle attack](/glossary#man-in-the-middle-attack)), so do not skip the verification steps. As discussed in [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#reducing-risks-when-using-untrusted-computers), the [GnuPG installation method](https://tails.net/install/expert/index.en.html) is preferable because it more thoroughly verifies the integrity of the download.
Follow the [Tails installation instructions](https://tails.net/install/index.en.html); it is important to follow the entire tutorial. It is possible for an attacker to intercept and modify the data on its way to you (this is called a [man-in-the-middle attack](/glossary#man-in-the-middle-attack)), so do not skip the verification steps. As discussed in [Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best/#reducing-risks-when-using-untrusted-computers), the [GnuPG installation method](https://tails.net/install/expert/index.en.html) is preferable because it more thoroughly verifies the integrity of the download.
## Booting from your Tails USB
@ -176,11 +177,11 @@ Every time you start Tails, right after you connect to the Tor network, the Tail
### The automatic upgrade
* When an [automatic upgrade](https://tails.net/doc/upgrade/index.en.html) is available, a window will appear with information about the upgrade, and you will need to click **Upgrade now**. Wait a while for it to complete, then click 'Apply upgrade' and your internet will be interrupted for a moment. Wait until you see the Restart Tails window. If the upgrade fails (for example, because you shut down before it was finished), your Persistent Storage will not be affected, but you may not be able to restart your Tails USB. If you are using a USB with a write-protect switch, you will need to unlock it for the dedicated session in which you are performing the upgrade.
When an [automatic upgrade](https://tails.net/doc/upgrade/index.en.html) is available, a window will appear with information about the upgrade, and you will need to click **Upgrade now**. Wait a while for it to complete, then click 'Apply upgrade' and your internet will be interrupted for a moment. Wait until you see the Restart Tails window. If the upgrade fails (for example, because you shut down before it was finished), your Persistent Storage will not be affected, but you may not be able to restart your Tails USB. If you are using a USB with a write-protect switch, you will need to unlock it for the dedicated session in which you are performing the upgrade.
### The manual upgrade
* Sometimes the upgrade window will tell you that you need to do a manual upgrade. This type of upgrade is only used for major upgrades or if there is a problem with automatic upgrades. See the [documentation for manual upgrades](https://tails.net/upgrade/tails/index.en.html).
Sometimes the upgrade window will tell you that you need to do a manual upgrade. This type of upgrade is only used for major upgrades or if there is a problem with automatic upgrades. See the [documentation for manual upgrades](https://tails.net/upgrade/tails/index.en.html).
# II) Going Further: Several Tips and Explanations
@ -435,5 +436,5 @@ Sometimes the Synaptic Package Manager will refuse to install software. In this
[Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best) are important to establish before using Tails for highly sensitive activities like [claiming an action](https://www.notrace.how/resources/#how-submit). To avoid overwhelming yourself, start by learning how to use Tails in basic ways, such as reading anarchist websites or writing texts. See the [Tails tag](/tags/tails/) for tutorials on topics like [removing identifying metadata from files](/posts/metadata/).
*This article is heavily modified from* [TuTORiel Tails](https://infokiosques.net/spip.php?article1726) *(in French), and also includes some excerpts from* [Capulcu #1](https://capulcu.blackblogs.org/neue-texte/bandi/) *(in German).*
*This article draws from* [TuTORiel Tails](https://infokiosques.net/spip.php?article1726) *(in French), and* [Capulcu #1](https://capulcu.blackblogs.org/neue-texte/bandi/) *(in German).*