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@ -24,25 +24,19 @@ The [documentation on the Tails website](https://tails.net/doc/index.en.html) is
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Tails is an operating system. You have probably heard of "Windows" or "macOS", these are names for two of the most common operating systems. An operating system is the set of programs that run the various components (hard drive, screen, processor, memory, etc...) of the computer and allow it to function.
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There are other operating systems. Maybe you have heard of Linux? Linux refers to a family of operating systems that branches off into several sub-families, or different versions of Linux, one of which is called Debian. In the Debian sub-family we find Ubuntu and Tails. Tails is a distribution (version) of Linux with several distinguishing features.
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There are other operating systems. Maybe you have heard of Linux? Linux refers to a family of operating systems that branches off into several sub-families, or different versions of Linux, one of which is called Debian. In the Debian sub-family we find Ubuntu and Tails. Tails is a distribution (version) of Linux with several distinguishing features:
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***Live System***
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* Tails is a so-called live system. While other operating systems live on your computer's hard drive, Tails is installed on an external device such as a USB (or even an SD card or DVD). When you start your computer with the Tails device plugged in, your computer runs off of that device instead, leaving your hard drive untouched. You can even use Tails on a computer without a hard drive.
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***Amnesia***
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* Tails is designed to leave no data on the computer you are using; it writes nothing to the hard drive, and runs only in RAM (memory), which is automatically erased after shutdown. The Tails live system itself (usually running on a USB) is also left untouched. The only way to save information is to move it to another USB partition before shutting down (see below). The purpose of this is to avoid leaving forensic traces that someone with physical access to your computer or your Tails USB could later read. Things like Internet search history, cache, "recently edited" documents, etc. are all erased. Tails also leaves no trace that it was ever used on the computer itself.
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***Incognito***
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* Tails is also a system that allows you to be incognito, or anonymous. It hides the elements that could reveal your identity, location, etc. Tails uses the [Tor anonymity network](/glossary#tor-network) to protect your anonymity online by forcing all default software to connect to the Internet through Tor. If an application tries to connect to the Internet directly, Tails will automatically block the connection. Tails also changes the "MAC address" of your network hardware, which can be used to uniquely identify your laptop.
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* ***Live System***
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* Tails is a so-called live system. While other operating systems live on your computer's hard drive, Tails is installed on an external device such as a USB (or even an SD card or DVD). When you start your computer with the Tails device plugged in, your computer runs off of that device instead, leaving your hard drive untouched. You can even use Tails on a computer without a hard drive.
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* ***Amnesia***
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* Tails is designed to leave no data on the computer you are using; it writes nothing to the hard drive, and runs only in RAM (memory), which is automatically erased after shutdown. The Tails live system itself (usually running on a USB) is also left untouched. The only way to save information is to move it to another USB partition before shutting down (see below). The purpose of this is to avoid leaving forensic traces that someone with physical access to your computer or your Tails USB could later read. Things like Internet search history, cache, "recently edited" documents, etc. are all erased. Tails also leaves no trace that it was ever used on the computer itself.
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* ***Incognito***
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* Tails is also a system that allows you to be incognito, or anonymous. It hides the elements that could reveal your identity, location, etc. Tails uses the [Tor anonymity network](/glossary#tor-network) to protect your anonymity online by forcing all default software to connect to the Internet through Tor. If an application tries to connect to the Internet directly, Tails will automatically block the connection. Tails also changes the "MAC address" of your network hardware, which can be used to uniquely identify your laptop.
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***Security***
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* Tails was designed with security in mind. A minimal, functional, and verified environment is already installed (with everything needed for basic word processing, image editing, etc.). It comes bundled with easy-to-use [encryption](/glossary/#encryption) and data deletion tools, as well as protection against common attacks or threats.
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* ***Security***
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* Tails was designed with security in mind. A minimal, functional, and verified environment is already installed (with everything needed for basic word processing, image editing, etc.). It comes bundled with easy-to-use [encryption](/glossary/#encryption) and data deletion tools, as well as protection against common attacks or threats.
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Today's digital security is not necessarily tomorrow's. **Protecting personal data requires regular updates.** Digital tools are unreliable if they are never updated, and to have lasting confidence in these tools, it is good to know that teams are actively maintaining them and that they have a good reputation. It is important to understand the spirit of Tails: everything is designed with security in mind. However, in software, there is no such thing as an omnipotent tool; there are always limits. Also, **the way you use Tails can create security problems.**
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@ -442,5 +436,7 @@ Sometimes the Synaptic Package Manager will refuse to install software. In this
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[Tails Best Practices](/posts/tails-best) are important to establish before using Tails for highly sensitive activities. To avoid overwhelming yourself, start by learning how to use Tails in basic ways, such as reading anarchist websites or writing texts. See the [Tails tag](/tags/tails/) for tutorials on topics like [removing identifying metadata from files](/posts/metadata/).
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---
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*This article is heavily modified from* [TuTORiel Tails](https://infokiosques.net/spip.php?article1726) *(in French), and also includes some excerpts from* [Capulcu #1](https://capulcu.blackblogs.org/neue-texte/bandi/) *(in German).*
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