update most guides

content/posts/linux/index.md

@@ -24,20 +24,22 @@ If you are reading this, you probably use either Windows or macOS on your comput
 
 Linux is a set of operating systems which are [open-source](/glossary#open-source), which means that the *source* code can be analyzed by anyone. Linux is the name for the core (**kernel**) of the operating system, and many different **distributions** (or 'distros') are based on it. Simply put, *Linux is the only type of computer that anarchists can put any trust in*. 
 
-Linux distributions that anarchists are likely to have heard of are Debian, Ubuntu and Tails. Each different Linux distribution makes different choices about how to manage software, what kernel version to use, etc. In fact, both Ubuntu and Tails are adaptations of Debian for the specific use cases of being user-friendly (Ubuntu) and providing default anonymity (Tails).   
+Linux distributions that anarchists are likely to have heard of are Debian, Ubuntu and [Tails](/tags/tails/). Each different Linux distribution makes different choices about how to manage software, what kernel version to use, etc. In fact, both Ubuntu and Tails are adaptations of Debian for the specific use cases of being user-friendly (Ubuntu) and providing default anonymity (Tails).   
 
 # How Software Works
 
 In Linux, the term for an application is a **package**. Rather than downloading applications from various websites on the Internet (like in Windows and macOS), a Linux distribution will have a centralized **repository** where the software lives. This has the benefit that the integrity of the software is verified by the distribution, and it is guaranteed to work with that Linux distribution. It is still possible to install software from outside of a distro's repository, but it is generally considered to be riskier and verifying the integrity is your responsibility. Installing a package requires knowing its name, and all packages in a repository can be browsed through a web browser for [Debian](https://www.debian.org/distrib/packages#search_packages) as well as [Fedora](https://packages.fedoraproject.org/).
 
-How do you actually install from the software repository? Each distribution also has a **package manager**, which is an application which installs software from a software repository. Debian, and distributions based on it, use the `apt` package manager. In some distributions, it is possible to install software with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that is using the package manager in the background, like the [Synaptic Package Manager](https://tails.boum.org/doc/persistent_storage/additional_software/index.en.html#index3h1) in Tails. 
+How do you actually install from the software repository? Each distribution also has a **package manager**, which is an application which installs software from a software repository. Debian, and distributions based on it, use the `apt` package manager. In some distributions, it is possible to install software with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that is using the package manager in the background, like the [Synaptic Package Manager](/posts/tails/#installing-additional-software) in Tails. 
 
 # Software Alternatives
 
-Part of the learning curve to Linux is figuring out what open-source software to use, instead of the closed-source options you will be familiar with from Windows and macOS. For example, instead of using Microsoft Word, you can use LibreOffice. An application being open-source is an essential criteria, but is insufficient to be considered secure. For example, Telegram advertises itself as being open-source, but the servers are not open-source and the cryptography is [trash](https://buttondown.email/cryptography-dispatches/archive/cryptography-dispatches-the-most-backdoor-looking/). The list of [included software for Tails](https://tails.boum.org/doc/about/features/index.en.html#index1h1) will cover many of your needs with reputable choices. 
+Part of the learning curve to Linux is figuring out what open-source software to use, instead of the closed-source options you will be familiar with from Windows and macOS. For example, instead of using Microsoft Word, you can use LibreOffice. An application being open-source is an essential criteria, but is insufficient to be considered secure. For example, Telegram advertises itself as being open-source, but the servers are not open-source and the cryptography is [trash](https://buttondown.email/cryptography-dispatches/archive/cryptography-dispatches-the-most-backdoor-looking/). The list of [included software for Tails](/posts/tails/#included-software) will cover many of your needs with reputable choices. 
 
 # The Command Line Interface
 
+![](cli.png)
+
 The dreaded [command line](/glossary/#command-line-interface-cli)! What even is it? You are used to interacting with applications through a **Graphical User Interface (GUI)**, which means through pointing and clicking buttons with your mouse. Some applications can also be interacted with through a **Command Line Interface (CLI)**, which is textual. Many applications will be available in both CLI and GUI versions. 
 
 For example, navigating the contents of your computer with the File Manager GUI is pretty standard - you click on a folder (called a *directory* in Linux), and it opens. The same navigation around the file system is also possible from the CLI.
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ The best way to learn command line basics is to interact with it. We recommend t
 
 Some commands will require elevated permissions, equivalent to 'Open as Administrator' in Windows. For example, installing software typically requires this. Prepending `sudo` to a command will run it as the administrative user, named root (note: the root user is not the same as the root directory, and the two should not be confused). A root prompt will display `#` rather than `$`. Be especially careful with any command you run while using these elevated permissions, as you'll have the permissions necessary to wipe your entire disk or modify important files. It is helpful to know that text in the Terminal is pasted with Ctrl+Shift+V (i.e. the Shift key must also be pressed). 
 
-Most Linux users will rarely need to use the CLI. For using [Tails](/tags/tails/), it shouldn't be required at all, although you will need the following commands for the [more secure installation](https://tails.boum.org/install/expert/index.en.html):
+Most Linux users will rarely need to use the CLI. For using Tails, it shouldn't be required at all, although you will need the following commands for the [more secure installation](https://tails.boum.org/install/expert/index.en.html):
 
 * `wget`: this downloads files from the Internet over the Command Line (rather than through a web browser)
 * `gpg`: this handles [GPG encryption](/glossary#gnupg-openpgp) operations. It is how the integrity and authenticity of the Tails download is verified. 
@@ -66,13 +68,15 @@ If you ever don't understand what a command is meant to do, try searching [expla
 
 Using `gpg` during the installation of Tails or Qubes OS will be less confusing if you understand how it works. 
 
-First, some points of clarification. PGP and GPG are terms that can be used interchangeably; PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) is a program that implements it. PGP/GPG is also used for encrypted email communication ([though we don't recommend it](/posts/e2ee/#pgp-email)), but we are using it here exclusively to verify the integrity and authenticity of files.  
+First, some points of clarification. [PGP and GPG](/glossary/#gnupg-openpgp) are terms that can be used interchangeably; PGP (Pretty Good Privacy) is the encryption standard, and GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) is a program that implements it. PGP/GPG is also used for encrypted email communication ([though we don't recommend it](/posts/e2ee/#pgp-email)), but we are using it here exclusively to verify the integrity and authenticity of files.  
 
 GPG is a classic example of [public-key cryptography](/glossary/#public-key-cryptography). GPG provides cryptographic functions to [encrypt](/glossary/#encryption), decrypt, and sign files; our concern here is digitally signing files. The Qubes and Tails teams both generate a [digital signature](/glossary/#digital-signatures) on their .img releases. GPG gives us a way to verify that the file is truly 'signed' by the developers, which enables us to trust that it hasn't been tampered with.   
 
-Now you need to understand the very basics of public-key cryptography. [This Computerphile video](https://invidious.sethforprivacy.com/watch?v=GSIDS_lvRv4&listen=false) has a great overview with visual aids. To summarize it, a **secret/private** key is used to **sign** messages, and only the user possessing this key can do so. Each **private** key has a corresponding **public** key - this is termed a **key pair**. The public key is shared with everyone, and this is used to verify the signature. Confused? Watch the video! 
+Now you need to understand the very basics of public-key cryptography. [This Computerphile video](https://invidious.sethforprivacy.com/watch?v=GSIDS_lvRv4) has a great overview with visual aids. To summarize it, a **secret/private** key is used to **sign** messages, and only the user possessing this key can do so. Each **private** key has a corresponding **public** key - this is termed a **key pair**. The public key is shared with everyone, and this is used to verify the signature. Confused? Watch the video! 
 
-Tails and Qubes OS sign their releases, and only they can do this because only they possess their private key. However, I can verify that this signature is valid by having a copy of their public key. Now let's walk through the [Tails verification instructions](https://tails.boum.org/install/expert/index.en.html), which is less convoluted than the [Qubes OS equivalent](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/verifying-signatures/). 
+![](signature.png)
+
+Tails and Qubes OS sign their releases, and only they can do this because only they possess their private key. However, I can verify that this signature is valid by having a copy of their public key. Now let's walk through the [Tails verification instructions](https://tails.boum.org/install/expert/index.en.html), which are less convoluted than the [Qubes OS equivalent](https://www.qubes-os.org/security/verifying-signatures/). 
 
 ### Step: Create a Key-Pair