= RetroShare development on Android // SPDX-FileCopyrightText: RetroShare Team // SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-SA-4.0 Compiling an application for Android is not as easy as one would imagine, expecially one like RetroShare that has a big codebase and is not well documented. This document is aimed to empower the reader so she can hopefully succed or at least have a significant help in compiling her own RetroShare APK installable on Android. == Preparing The Environement First of all setup your Qt for Android development environement following the guide on the link:http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/androidgs.html[Qt for android web site]. At this point you should have Android SDK, Android NDK, and Qt for Android working fine, and you should be capable of executing on an Android emulator or on your Android phone Qt for Android examples. But RetroShare is not as simple to compile as those examples. The good news is that Android NDK ships all the necessary to build a custom toolchain that is suitable to build RetroShare. In order to build the toolchain with needed libraries RetroShare provides the +android-prepare-toolchain.sh+ script; before you execute it you should define some variables the script cannot determine in an easy and reliable manner by itself in your terminal. [source,bash] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## The path where Android NDK is installed in your system export ANDROID_NDK_PATH="/opt/android-ndk/" ## The path where your fresh compiled toolchain will be installed, make sure ## the parent exists export NATIVE_LIBS_TOOLCHAIN_PATH="${HOME}/Builds/android-toolchains/retroshare-android/" ## The CPU architecture of the Android device you want to target export ANDROID_NDK_ARCH="arm" ## The Android API level the Android device you want to target export ANDROID_PLATFORM_VER="16" ## The number of core that yout host CPU have (just to speed up compilation) set ## it to 1 if unsure export HOST_NUM_CPU=1 ./android-prepare-toolchain.sh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- == Preparing Qt Creator Now that your environement is set up you should configure Qt Creator for Android following the link:http://doc.qt.io/qtcreator/creator-developing-android.html[official guide]. At the end of this step your Qt Creator should recognize the Android compiler and the Qt for Android kit. Your Kit is now ready to use. Now you can open RetroShare as a Qt Creator project and in the Projects left menu add the newly created kit if not already present, so you can select it on the build type selection button down on the left. Now you need to set properly a few options like `JSONAPI_GENERATOR_EXE` and disable some of RetroShare modules like `retroshare-gui` that are not available on Android so you will have to go to _Qt Creator left pane -> Projects -> Build and Run -> Android SOMESTUFF kit -> Build Steps -> qmake -> Additional arguments_ + and add the following configurations (change `Your_Path` according to your deployment) [source,makefile] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONFIG+=retroshare_service CONFIG+=rs_jsonapi CONFIG+=no_keywords RS_UPNP_LIB=miniupnpc JSONAPI_GENERATOR_EXE=Your_Path/jsonapi-generator/src/jsonapi-generator NATIVE_LIBS_TOOLCHAIN_PATH=Your_Path/retroshare-android-16-arm/ CONFIG+=no_retroshare_gui CONFIG+=no_rs_service_webui_terminal_password CONFIG+=no_rs_service_terminal_login ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIP: Some versions of QtCreator try to find the Android SDK in `/opt/android/sdk`. A workaround to this is to make a symbolic link there pointing to your SDK installation path, like +mkdir -p /opt/android/sdk && ln -s /home/user/android-sdk-linux /opt/android/sdk+ == Quircks === Protected Apps On some Android devices like +Huawei ALE-L21+ background applications are killed when screen is turned off unless they are in the _protected app_ list. At moment seems apps developers don't have a way to have the application _protected_ by default, unless the phone vendor decide the app is _popular_ so the user have to enable _protection_ for RetroShare manually on those mobile phones. + {empty} + To enable enable _protection_: +Android menu -> Settings -> Privacy & security -> Protected apps -> RetroShare+ + {empty} + Other devices may offer similar _features_ please report them. === APK signature mismatch If you try to install a RetroShare APK that comes from a different source (eg: if you try to upgrade from F-Droid when you originally installed an APK build by yourself) Android will prevent that from happening. In that case the only solution is to uninstall the app and then install the new APK but if you do it also the application data and your precious cryptographic keys, friend list etc. will be lost forever. To avoid that you can attempt to manually backup and then restore from the command-line (`adb backup` seems not working either) to change the app source without erasing the appliation data. CAUTION: Following steps require root access on your Android device .Backup RetroShare Android application data [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- export ORIG_DIR="/data/data/org.retroshare.android.qml_app" export BACKUP_DIR="org.retroshare.android.qml_app.backup" adb root adb shell am force-stop org.retroshare.android.qml_app sleep 1s mkdir ${BACKUP_DIR} # Avoid adb pull failing adb shell rm ${ORIG_DIR}/files/.retroshare/libresapi.sock adb pull ${ORIG_DIR}/files/ ${BACKUP_DIR}/files/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- After this you should be able to uninstall the old APK with your preferred method, as example from the command-line. .Uninstall RetroShare Android from the command-line [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- adb uninstall org.retroshare.android.qml_app -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Now you can install a different signature APK and then restore the application data with the following commands. [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- export ORIG_DIR="/data/data/org.retroshare.android.qml_app" export BACKUP_DIR="org.retroshare.android.qml_app.backup" adb root ## Launch the app to make sure the parent directory exists and has proper owner adb shell monkey -p org.retroshare.android.qml_app -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER 1 sleep 1s adb shell am force-stop org.retroshare.android.qml_app sleep 1s APP_OWNER="$(adb shell busybox ls -lnd ${ORIG_DIR} | awk '{print $3":"$4}')" adb shell rm -rf ${ORIG_DIR}/files adb push ${BACKUP_DIR}/files/ ${ORIG_DIR}/files/ adb shell busybox chown -R ${APP_OWNER} ${ORIG_DIR}/files/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opening RetroShare android app now should show your old profile. == Debugging with GDB If building RetroShare Android package seems tricky, setting up a functional debugging environement for it feels like black magic. This section is meant to help you doing it with less headache and hopefully in a reproducible way. Unfortunately at the time of the last update to this guide, Qt build system strips debugging symbols from the package and from the buildroot also if you compile with debugging enabled. Fiddling with `qmake` configurations and variables like `CONFIG+=debug`, `CONFIG+=force_debug_info` or `QMAKE_STRIP` either as commandline arguments or inside retroshare `.pro` and `.pri` files is uneffective. IMHO Qt should handle this on itself so it is probably worth reporting a bug to them. So to workaround this problem you need to fiddle a bit with the Android NDK. In my case I always keep +Debug+ or +Release+ suffix in my build directory name depending on what kind of build it is, so I use this information and modify `llvm-strip` in a way that it will strip only if stripped file path doesn't contain +Debug+. .Modify llvm-strip inside Android NDK -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Set ANDROID_NDK_PATH to your Android NDK installation path export ANDROID_NDK_PATH="/opt/android-ndk/" ## Define a convenience variable with llvm-strip path export ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP="${ANDROID_NDK_PATH}/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/llvm-strip" ## If not existing yer create a backup of the original llvm-strip [ -f "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}.back" ] || cp "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}" "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}.back" ## Create a new llvm-strip that does nothing if the argument path contains Debug cat > "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}" << LLVMSTRIPTRICK #!/bin/bash echo "\${2}" | grep -q Debug || "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}.back" --strip-all "\${2}" LLVMSTRIPTRICK ## Eventually you can revert back simply by running # `mv "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}.back" "${ANDROID_NDK_LLVM_STRIP}"` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To attach to the `retroshare-service` running on Android you need also to pull a debugging sysroot out of your device first, RetroShare sources provides an helper script to do that. .Prepare debugging sysroot with helper script [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Set RetroShare source path export RS_SOURCE_DIR="${HOME}/Development/rs-develop" ## Optionally set your device ID first available will be used, you can run ## `adb devices` to list available devices. #export ANDROID_SERIAL="YT013PSPGK" ## Optionally set a path where to save the debugging sysroot otherwise default ## is used. #export DEBUG_SYSROOT="${HOME}/Builds/debug_sysroot/${ANDROID_SERIAL}/" ## Run the helper script ${RS_SOURCE_DIR}/build_scripts/Android/pull_sysroot.sh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .Prepare Android NDK GDB configurations [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Optionally set Qt version variable consistently with your installation export QT_VERSION="5.12.7" ## Optionally set Qt architecture variable consistently with Android device export QT_ARCH="arm64_v8a" ## Optionally set Qt path variable consistently with your installation export QT_DIR="/opt/Qt-${QT_VERSION}/${QT_VERSION}/" ## Optionally set RetroShare buildroot path export RS_BUILD_DIR="${HOME}/Builds/RetroShare-Android_for_${QT_ARCH}_Clang_Qt_${QT_VERSION//./_}_android_${QT_ARCH}-Debug/" ## Optionally set gdb config file path export GDB_CONFIGS_FILE="${HOME}/Builds/gdb_configs_${QT_ARCH}" ## Generate Android NDK GDB configuration ${RS_SOURCE_DIR}/build_scripts/Android/generate_gdb_init_commands.sh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You will need to run the following steps everytime you want to debug `retroshare-service` on Android. Make sure `retroshare-service` is running on your connected Android device. .Run GDB server on your Android device from your host console [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ${RS_SOURCE_DIR}/build_scripts/Android/start_gdbserver.sh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .Run Android NDK GDB on your workstation and attach [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Start NDK gdb ${ANDROID_NDK_PATH}/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/gdb ## Instruct GDB how and where to find debugging symbols (gdb) source $GDB_CONFIGS_FILE ## Connect to the gdbserver running on the phone (gdb) target remote 127.0.01:5039 ## Have fun debugging (gdb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- == Debugging with Qt Creator WARNING: As of the last update to this guide, debugging retroshare-service running on Android via Qt creator doesn't wrok even with all the trickery explained in this section, you better learn how to debug with GDB reading carefully previous section. Qt Creator actually support debugging only for the foreground activity, so to debug what's happening in the core extra trickery is needed. - Run the App in Debug mode from QtCreator "Start Debugging" button - Enable QtCreator debugger console view Menu->Window->Debugger Log - Run +show solib-search-path+ in the QtCreator GDB console - Take note of the output you get in the right pane of the console - Thanks https://stackoverflow.com/a/31164313 for the idea TIP: QtCreator GDB console seems a bit buggy and easly trigger timeout message when a command is run, in that case attempt to run the command while the debugging is paused or at breakpoint, or with other similar tricks. CAUTION: Following steps require root access on your Android device Now on your phone yuo need to authorize root access to applications, then once you plug your sacrifical Android phone run this commands .Run gdbserver as root on Android phone [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Open a shell from your workstation on the connected Android phone adb shell ## take the note of the phone IP address ip address show ## Gain root permissions on the shell su ## Attach with gdbserver and listen on one TCP port gdbserver :4567 --attach $(pgrep org.retroshare.android.qml_app:rs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .Prepare and run Android NDK GDB on your workstation [source,bash] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ## Setup some convenience variables NDK_GDB="${ANDROID_NDK_PATH}/toolchains/arm-linux-androideabi-4.9/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gdb" RS_BUILD_PATH="${HOME}/Builds/RetroShare-Android_for_armeabi_v7a_GCC_4_9_Qt_5_9_2_android_armv7-Debug/" ## Start Android NDK GDB of your phone architecture passing the executable $NDK_GDB $RS_BUILD_PATH/retroshare-android-service/src/libretroshare-android-service.so ## Instruct GDB how and where to find debugging symbols (gdb) set auto-solib-add on (gdb) set solib-search-path THE:BIG:LIST:OF:DIRECTORIES:YOU:TAKE:NOTE:BEFORE ## Connect to the gdbserver running on the phone (gdb) target remote $PHONE_IP:4567 ## Have fun debugging (gdb) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TIP: Some time WiFi power saving on Android mess with the GDB connection, to prevent that from appening open another +adb shell+ and live +ping+ toward your work-station running == Embedding into other Android packages As showed by https://elrepo.io/[elRepo.io] developers it is possible and quite easy to embed `retroshare-service` into other Android packages see description https://gitlab.com/elRepo.io/elRepo.io-android/-/blob/master/README.adoc And implementation details https://gitlab.com/elRepo.io/elRepo.io-android/-/blob/master/android/app/build.gradle == Furter Readings - link:http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/android-support.html[] - link:https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/libs.html[] - link:retroshare://forum?name=Compiling%20nogui%20for%20android&id=8fd22bd8f99754461e7ba1ca8a727995&msgid=4e0f92330600bba9cf978f384f4b7b2f2ca64eff[] - link:retroshare://file?name=Android%20Native%20Development%20Kit%20Cookbook.pdf&size=29214468&hash=0123361c1b14366ce36118e82b90faf7c7b1b136[] - link:https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/android-developers/srATPaL0aRU[] - link:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31638986/protected-apps-setting-on-huawei-phones-and-how-to-handle-it[] - link:https://tthtlc.wordpress.com/2012/09/19/how-to-do-remote-debugging-via-gdbserver-running-inside-the-android-phone/[] - link:https://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/[] - link:https://source.android.com/devices/tech/debug/gdb[] - link:https://fw4spl-org.github.io/fw4spl-blog/2015/07/27/Native-debugging-on-Android-with-QtCreator.html[] - link:https://fragglet.livejournal.com/19646.html[] - link:https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/773[How to build without using standalone toolchain?] == License Copyright (C) 2016-2021 Gioacchino Mazzurco + Copyright (C) 2020-2021 Asociación Civil Altermundi + This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License. image::https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png[Creative Commons License, link=http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/]