Updated documentation

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Mark Qvist 2022-04-07 18:59:42 +02:00
parent d4aeb85191
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22 changed files with 274 additions and 152 deletions

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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ copyright = '2021, Mark Qvist'
author = 'Mark Qvist'
# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
release = '0.3.3 beta'
release = '0.3.4 beta'
# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------

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@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ on your system, you might need to reboot your system for your program to become
available. If you get a "command not found" error or similar when running the
program, reboot your system and try again.
If you would rather use a program with a graphical user interface, you can take
a look at `Sideband <https://unsigned.io/sideband>`_, which is available for Android,
Linux and macOS.
.. image:: screenshots/sideband_1.png
:width: 400px
:align: center
:target: _images/sideband_1.png
Using the Included Utilities
=============================================
@ -59,27 +68,34 @@ or use the interactive ``rnsconfig`` utility.
When Reticulum is started for the first time, it will create a default
configuration file, with one active interface. This default interface uses
your existing ethernet network (if there is one), and only allows you to
communicate with other Reticulum peers within your local broadcast domain.
your existing ethernet and WiFi networks (if any), and only allows you to
communicate with other Reticulum peers within your local broadcast domains.
To communicate further, you will have to add one or more interfaces. The default
configuration includes a number of examples, ranging from using TCP over the
internet, to LoRa and Packet Radio interfaces.
With Reticulum, you only need to configure what interfaces you want to communicate
over. There is no need to configure address spaces, subnets, routing tables,
or other things you might be used to from other network types.
Once Reticulums knows which interfaces it should use, it will automatically
discover topography and configure transport of data to any destinations it
knows about.
Possibly, the examples in the config file are enough to get you started. If
you want more information, you can read the :ref:`Building Networks<networks-main>`
and :ref:`Interfaces<interfaces-main>` chapters of this manual.
Bridging Over the Internet
=============================================
Reticulum currently offers two interfaces for connecting nodes over the internet:
`TCP <https://markqvist.github.io/Reticulum/manual/interfaces.html#tcp-server-interface>`_ and `I2P <https://markqvist.github.io/Reticulum/manual/interfaces.html#i2p-interface>`_. Each interface offers a different set of features, and Reticulum
Connecting Reticulum Instances Over the Internet
================================================
Reticulum currently offers two interfaces for connecting instances over the Internet: :ref:`TCP<interfaces-tcps>`
and :ref:`I2P<interfaces-i2p>`. Each interface offers a different set of features, and Reticulum
users should carefully choose the interface which best suites their needs.
The ``TCPServerInterface`` allows users to host a node accessible over TCP/IP. This
The ``TCPServerInterface`` allows users to host an instance accessible over TCP/IP. This
method is generally faster, lower latency, and more energy efficient than using ``I2PInterface``,
however it leaks considerable metadata about the server host.
however it also leaks considerable metadata about the server host.
Direct TCP client connections are able to see your node's IP address and may be able
to use this information to determine your location or identity. Adversaries
@ -101,16 +117,16 @@ bandwidth and compute power, but also makes timing attacks and other forms of
deep-packet-inspection much more difficult. Similar to RNS, I2P uses cryptographic
public keys as destination addresses, which allows users to host nodes on non-static IPs.
In general it is recommended to use an I2P node if you are hosting your node
publicly.
In general it is recommended to use an I2P node if you want to host a publically accessible
instance, while preserving anonymity. If you care more about performance, and a slightly
easier setup, use TCP.
There is a experimental public testnet you can join by adding the following
There is a experimental public testnet you can join by adding one of the following
interfaces to your ``.reticulum/config`` file:
.. code::
# For connecting over TCP/IP:
[[RNS Testnet Frankfurt]]
type = TCPClientInterface
interface_enabled = yes
@ -120,7 +136,6 @@ interfaces to your ``.reticulum/config`` file:
# For connecting over I2P:
[[RNS Testnet I2P Node A]]
type = I2PInterface
interface_enabled = yes
@ -212,8 +227,11 @@ installing Reticulum or programs that depend on Reticulum.
Reticulum on Android
==============================================
Reticulum can be used on Android in different ways. The easiest way to get
started is using the `Termux app <https://termux.com/>`_, at the time of writing
available on `F-droid <https://f-droid.org>`_.
started is using an app like `Sideband <https://unsigned.io/sideband>`_.
For more control and features, you can use Reticulum and related programs via
the `Termux app <https://termux.com/>`_, at the time of writing available on
`F-droid <https://f-droid.org>`_.
Termux is a terminal emulator and Linux environment for Android based devices,
which includes the ability to use many different programs and libraries,
@ -253,3 +271,18 @@ From within Termux, execute the following:
It is also possible to include Reticulum in apps compiled and distributed as
Android APKs. A detailed tutorial and example source code will be included
here at a later point.
Adding Radio Interfaces
==============================================
Once you have Reticulum installed and working, you can add radio interfaces with
any compatible hardware you have available. For information on how to configure
this, see the :ref:`Interfaces<interfaces-main>` section of this manual.
A range of common LoRa development boards and transceiver modules can be used
as interfaces with Reticulum. You can refer to the following external resources
for more information:
* `How To Make Your Own RNodes <https://unsigned.io/how-to-make-your-own-rnodes/>`_
* `Installing RNode Firmware on Compatible LoRa Devices <https://unsigned.io/installing-rnode-firmware-on-t-beam-and-lora32-devices/>`_
* `Private, Secure and Uncensorable Messaging Over a LoRa Mesh <https://unsigned.io/private-messaging-over-lora/>`_
* `RNode Firmware <https://github.com/markqvist/RNode_Firmware/>`_

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@ -300,16 +300,36 @@ networks are fundamentally incompatible with the physical link types that Reticu
These routing methodologies assume trust at the physical layer, and often needs a lot more bandwidth than
Reticulum can assume is available.
Since Reticulum is designed to run over open radio spectrum, no such trust exists, and bandwidth is often
very limited. Existing routing protocols like BGP or OSPF carry too much overhead to be practically
Since Reticulum is designed to survive running over open radio spectrum, no such trust exists, and bandwidth
is often very limited. Existing routing protocols like BGP or OSPF carry too much overhead to be practically
useable over bandwidth-limited, high-latency links.
To overcome such challenges, Reticulums *Transport* system uses public-key cryptography to
implement the concept of *paths* that allow discovery of how to get information to a certain
implement the concept of *paths* that allow discovery of how to get information closer to a certain
destination. It is important to note that no single node in a Reticulum network knows the complete
path to a destination. Every Transport node participating in a Reticulum network will only
know what the most direct way to get a packet one hop closer to it's destination is.
.. _understanding-nodetypes:
Node Types
----------
Currently, Reticulum distinguishes between two types of network nodes. All nodes on a Reticulum network
are *Reticulum Instances*, and some are alo *Transport Nodes*. If a system running Reticulum is fixed in
one place, and is intended to be kept available most of the time, it can be a *Transport Node*, by enabling
it in the configuration.
This distinction is made by the user configuring the node, and is used to determine what nodes on the
network will help forward traffic, and what nodes rely on other nodes for wider connectivity.
If a node is a *Instance* it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = No``, which
is the default setting.
If it is a *Transport Node*, it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = Yes``.
.. _understanding-announce:
The Announce Mechanism in Detail
@ -325,14 +345,14 @@ according to some specific rules:
total it has been retransmitted to get here.
* | If the announce has been retransmitted *m+1* times, it will not be forwarded. By default, *m* is
set to 18.
set to 128.
* | The announce will be assigned a delay *d* = c\ :sup:`h` seconds, where *c* is a decay constant, and *h* is the amount of times this packet has already been forwarded.
* | The packet will be given a priority *p = 1/d*.
* | If at least *d* seconds has passed since the announce was received, and no other packets with a
priority higher than *p* are waiting in the queue (see Packet Prioritisation), and the channel is
priority higher than *p* are waiting in the queue, and the channel is
not utilized by other traffic, the announce will be forwarded.
* | If no other nodes are heard retransmitting the announce with a greater hop count than when
@ -354,10 +374,15 @@ packet towards the destination by looking up the next node with the shortest amo
destination.
According to these rules and default constants, an announce will propagate throughout the network
in a predictable way. In an example network utilising the default constants, and with an average link
distance of *Lavg =* 15 kilometers, an announce will be able to propagate outwards to a radius of 180
kilometers in 34 minutes, and a *maximum announce radius* of 270 kilometers in approximately 3
days.
in a predictable way.
As an example, in a network based only on radio transceivers with an average link distance of 15
kilometers, an announce will be able to propagate outwards over 12 hops, to a radius of 180
kilometers, in approximately 20 minutes.
The design and constants of the decay and delay functionality in the announce propagation is subject
to change and optimisation as real-world usage is explored. The announce propagation speed can be
increased at the cost of increased bandwidth consumption.
.. _understanding-paths:
@ -579,20 +604,6 @@ Reticulum, but non critical in understanding how the protocol works on a general
treated more as a reference than as essential reading.
Node Types
----------
Currently Reticulum defines two node types, the *Station* and the *Peer*. A node is a *station* if it fixed
in one place, and if it is intended to be kept online most of the time. Otherwise the node is a *peer*.
This distinction is made by the user configuring the node, and is used to determine what nodes on the
network will help forward traffic, and what nodes rely on other nodes for connectivity.
If a node is a *Peer* it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = No``.
If it is a *Station*, it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = Yes``.
Packet Prioritisation
---------------------