RNMnetwork/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_2.html
Riccardo Giuntoli 815e241063
s
2022-01-30 11:31:55 +01:00

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<body class='typora-export'><div class='typora-export-content'>
<div id='write' class=''><h1 id='circuitos-en-corriente-alterna-filtros-transformadores-formas-de-onda-no-sinusoidales'><span>Circuitos en corriente alterna. Filtros. Transformadores. Formas de onda no sinusoidales.</span></h1><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/simbolos_resistencias.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><h4 id='21-circuitos-en-corriente-alterna'><span>2.1 Circuitos en corriente alterna.</span></h4><p><span>La ley de Ohm se aplica también a circuitos de </span><code>CA</code><span> siempre y cuando solo haya resistencias o elementos que se comporten como tales.</span></p><p><span>En el caso existan </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductor'><span>bobinas</span></a><span> encontraremos la llamada </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactancia_inductiva'><span>reactancia inductiva</span></a><span> y si hay </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador_el%C3%A9ctrico'><span>condensadores</span></a><span> la </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactancia'><span>reactancia</span></a><span> </span><a href='https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/Documentos/9_t3s2_c5_html_contex_1.pdf'><span>capacitiva</span></a><span>; las dos son consecuencia del desfase que se produce entre tensión y corriente.</span></p><h4 id='211-reactancia-inductiva'><span>2.1.1 Reactancia inductiva.</span></h4><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n22" cid="n22" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-labels="[]" data-math-tag-after="0"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" contenteditable="false" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.505ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 5527.1 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.566ex;"><defs><path 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rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mtext>&nbsp;</mtext><mo>=</mo><mtext>&nbsp;</mtext><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>L</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><span>La oposición al paso de corriente alterna que presenta una bobina de inductancia </span><code>L</code><span> se llama reactancia inductiva </span><code>XL</code><span>. Si la tensión aplicada por el generador es </span><code>E</code><span>, la su frecuencia </span><code>f</code><span>, la oposición es explicada por la ecuación sobre escrita. </span></p><p><span>Si la </span><code>f</code><span> es </span><code>0</code><span> la </span><code>XL</code><span> también es </span><code>0</code><span> entonces la bobina se comporta como un conductor permitiendo el paso de la corriente. Mejor dicho </span><u><span>una bobina no se opone al paso de la corriente continua</span></u><span>.</span></p><h4 id='212-reactancia-capacitiva'><span>2.1.2 Reactancia capacitiva. </span></h4><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n29" cid="n29" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-labels="[]" data-math-tag-after="0"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" contenteditable="false" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.717ex" height="5.052ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1366.5 5620.7 2233" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.96ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-217-TEX-I-1D44B" d="M42 0H40Q26 0 26 11Q26 15 29 27Q33 41 36 43T55 46Q141 49 190 98Q200 108 306 224T411 342Q302 620 297 625Q288 636 234 637H206Q200 643 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xlink:href="#MJX-217-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D70B" xlink:href="#MJX-217-TEX-I-1D70B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1070,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJX-217-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1620,0)"><use data-c="1D436" xlink:href="#MJX-217-TEX-I-1D436"></use></g></g><rect width="2580" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mtable displaystyle="true" columnalign="right" columnspacing="" rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mtext>&nbsp;</mtext><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><span>Es la oposición </span><code>XC</code><span> al paso de </span><code>CA</code><span> que presenta un condensador </span><code>C</code><span>. A mayor </span><code>f</code><span> o mayor </span><code>C</code><span> del condensador corresponderá menor reactancia capacitativa y viceversa. Cuanto mayor sea </span><code>C</code><span> y </span><code>f</code><span> mayor intensidad de </span><code>CA</code><span> atraviesa el condensador. Si </span><code>f</code><span> es </span><code>0</code><span> </span><code>XC</code><span> es infinita porqué el condensador se comporta como un aislante, impidiendo el paso de corriente. </span></p><p><span>Un condensador se opone al paso de corriente continua.</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2 id='bibliografía'><span>Bibliografía </span></h2><ul><li><span>Libro de exámen de radioaficionado, Luis Alarcón Palencia </span><code>EA4DXP</code></li><li><a href='https://www.simbologia-electronica.com/'><span>Símbolos eléctricos &amp; electrónicos</span></a><span>. </span></li></ul></div></div>
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