mirror of
https://github.com/noplacenoaddress/RNMnetwork.git
synced 2024-10-01 01:05:51 -04:00
746 lines
62 KiB
HTML
746 lines
62 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
|
||
<html>
|
||
<head>
|
||
<meta charset='UTF-8'><meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width initial-scale=1'>
|
||
|
||
<link href='https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /><style type='text/css'>html {overflow-x: initial !important;}:root { --bg-color:#ffffff; --text-color:#333333; --select-text-bg-color:#B5D6FC; --select-text-font-color:auto; --monospace:"Lucida Console",Consolas,"Courier",monospace; --title-bar-height:20px; }
|
||
.mac-os-11 { --title-bar-height:28px; }
|
||
html { font-size: 14px; background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
|
||
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; inset: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit; tab-size: 4; }
|
||
iframe { margin: auto; }
|
||
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
|
||
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
|
||
.in-text-selection, ::selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); }
|
||
#write { margin: 0px auto; height: auto; width: inherit; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative; white-space: normal; overflow-x: visible; padding-top: 36px; }
|
||
#write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; }
|
||
#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
|
||
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
|
||
.for-image #write { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
|
||
body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
|
||
.typora-export .footnote-line, .typora-export li, .typora-export p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
|
||
.typora-export .task-list-item input { pointer-events: none; }
|
||
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
|
||
body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
|
||
#write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-sizer { margin-left: 0px !important; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-gutters { display: none !important; }
|
||
}
|
||
#write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
|
||
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
|
||
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; image-orientation: from-image; }
|
||
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
|
||
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
|
||
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
|
||
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
|
||
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
|
||
p { line-height: inherit; }
|
||
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; }
|
||
p { orphans: 4; }
|
||
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
|
||
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
|
||
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
|
||
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
|
||
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
|
||
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
|
||
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
|
||
.hidden { display: none; }
|
||
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
|
||
a { cursor: pointer; }
|
||
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
|
||
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
|
||
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
|
||
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
|
||
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
|
||
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
|
||
thead { display: table-header-group; }
|
||
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
|
||
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
|
||
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
|
||
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
|
||
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
|
||
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
|
||
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
|
||
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
|
||
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
|
||
.md-fences-adv-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
|
||
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
|
||
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
|
||
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
|
||
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
|
||
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
|
||
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
|
||
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
|
||
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
|
||
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
|
||
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
|
||
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
|
||
li blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
|
||
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
|
||
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
|
||
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
|
||
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
|
||
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
|
||
@media print {
|
||
body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; }
|
||
#write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
|
||
.typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
|
||
.typora-export #write { break-after: avoid; }
|
||
.typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
|
||
.is-mac table { break-inside: avoid; }
|
||
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
|
||
}
|
||
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
|
||
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
|
||
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
|
||
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
|
||
#write.first-line-indent p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img { left: -2em; position: relative; }
|
||
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
|
||
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
|
||
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
|
||
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
|
||
.MathJax_ref { fill: currentcolor; }
|
||
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
|
||
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
|
||
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
|
||
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
|
||
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
|
||
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
|
||
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
|
||
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
|
||
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
|
||
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
|
||
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
|
||
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
|
||
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
|
||
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
|
||
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
|
||
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
|
||
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
|
||
}
|
||
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
|
||
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
|
||
.md-attr { display: none; }
|
||
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
|
||
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
|
||
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
|
||
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.6; font-family: var(--monospace); }
|
||
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
|
||
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
|
||
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
|
||
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
|
||
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
|
||
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
|
||
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
|
||
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
|
||
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
|
||
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
|
||
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
|
||
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
|
||
.md-expand mark .md-meta { opacity: 0.3 !important; }
|
||
mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
|
||
@media print {
|
||
.typora-export h1, .typora-export h2, .typora-export h3, .typora-export h4, .typora-export h5, .typora-export h6 { break-inside: avoid; }
|
||
}
|
||
.md-diagram-panel .messageText { stroke: none !important; }
|
||
.md-diagram-panel .start-state { fill: var(--node-fill); }
|
||
.md-diagram-panel .edgeLabel rect { opacity: 1 !important; }
|
||
.md-fences.md-fences-math { font-size: 1em; }
|
||
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; border: 0px; }
|
||
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { background: inherit; }
|
||
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-content { max-width: 1440px; margin: auto; display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
|
||
.typora-export-sidebar { width: 300px; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-top: 80px; margin-right: 18px; }
|
||
.typora-export-show-outline #write { --webkit-flex:2; flex: 2 1 0%; }
|
||
.typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { position: fixed; top: 0px; max-height: 100%; overflow: hidden auto; padding-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 60px; width: 300px; }
|
||
@media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
|
||
.typora-export-sidebar, .typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { width: 240px; }
|
||
}
|
||
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
|
||
.typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
|
||
}
|
||
.outline-content li, .outline-content ul { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style: none; }
|
||
.outline-content ul { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
|
||
.outline-content strong { font-weight: 400; }
|
||
.outline-expander { width: 1rem; height: 1.42857rem; position: relative; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; padding-left: 4px; }
|
||
.outline-expander::before { content: ""; position: relative; font-family: Ionicons; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; vertical-align: middle; }
|
||
.outline-item { padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; cursor: pointer; }
|
||
.outline-expander:hover::before { content: ""; }
|
||
.outline-h1 > .outline-item { padding-left: 0px; }
|
||
.outline-h2 > .outline-item { padding-left: 1em; }
|
||
.outline-h3 > .outline-item { padding-left: 2em; }
|
||
.outline-h4 > .outline-item { padding-left: 3em; }
|
||
.outline-h5 > .outline-item { padding-left: 4em; }
|
||
.outline-h6 > .outline-item { padding-left: 5em; }
|
||
.outline-label { cursor: pointer; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
|
||
.outline-label:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
|
||
.outline-item:hover { border-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); background-color: var(--item-hover-bg-color); }
|
||
.outline-item:hover { margin-left: -28px; margin-right: -28px; border-left: 28px solid transparent; border-right: 28px solid transparent; }
|
||
.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
|
||
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
|
||
.outline-children { display: none; }
|
||
.info-panel-tab-wrapper { display: none; }
|
||
.outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; }
|
||
.typora-export .outline-item { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }
|
||
.typora-export .outline-item:hover { margin-right: -8px; border-right: 8px solid transparent; }
|
||
.typora-export .outline-expander::before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; }
|
||
.typora-export .outline-expander:hover::before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "−"; }
|
||
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: none; }
|
||
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; }
|
||
.typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-expander::before { content: "" !important; }
|
||
.typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; }
|
||
.md-inline-math-container mjx-container { zoom: 0.95; }
|
||
|
||
|
||
:root {
|
||
--side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa;
|
||
--control-text-color: #777;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@include-when-export url(https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext);
|
||
|
||
/* open-sans-regular - latin-ext_latin */
|
||
/* open-sans-italic - latin-ext_latin */
|
||
/* open-sans-700 - latin-ext_latin */
|
||
/* open-sans-700italic - latin-ext_latin */
|
||
html {
|
||
font-size: 16px;
|
||
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
body {
|
||
font-family: "Open Sans","Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 'Segoe UI Emoji', sans-serif;
|
||
color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
|
||
line-height: 1.6;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#write {
|
||
max-width: 860px;
|
||
margin: 0 auto;
|
||
padding: 30px;
|
||
padding-bottom: 100px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
|
||
#write {
|
||
max-width: 1024px;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) {
|
||
#write {
|
||
max-width: 1200px;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#write > ul:first-child,
|
||
#write > ol:first-child{
|
||
margin-top: 30px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
a {
|
||
color: #4183C4;
|
||
}
|
||
h1,
|
||
h2,
|
||
h3,
|
||
h4,
|
||
h5,
|
||
h6 {
|
||
position: relative;
|
||
margin-top: 1rem;
|
||
margin-bottom: 1rem;
|
||
font-weight: bold;
|
||
line-height: 1.4;
|
||
cursor: text;
|
||
}
|
||
h1:hover a.anchor,
|
||
h2:hover a.anchor,
|
||
h3:hover a.anchor,
|
||
h4:hover a.anchor,
|
||
h5:hover a.anchor,
|
||
h6:hover a.anchor {
|
||
text-decoration: none;
|
||
}
|
||
h1 tt,
|
||
h1 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h2 tt,
|
||
h2 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h3 tt,
|
||
h3 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h4 tt,
|
||
h4 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h5 tt,
|
||
h5 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h6 tt,
|
||
h6 code {
|
||
font-size: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
h1 {
|
||
font-size: 2.25em;
|
||
line-height: 1.2;
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
|
||
}
|
||
h2 {
|
||
font-size: 1.75em;
|
||
line-height: 1.225;
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*@media print {
|
||
.typora-export h1,
|
||
.typora-export h2 {
|
||
border-bottom: none;
|
||
padding-bottom: initial;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.typora-export h1::after,
|
||
.typora-export h2::after {
|
||
content: "";
|
||
display: block;
|
||
height: 100px;
|
||
margin-top: -96px;
|
||
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
|
||
}
|
||
}*/
|
||
|
||
h3 {
|
||
font-size: 1.5em;
|
||
line-height: 1.43;
|
||
}
|
||
h4 {
|
||
font-size: 1.25em;
|
||
}
|
||
h5 {
|
||
font-size: 1em;
|
||
}
|
||
h6 {
|
||
font-size: 1em;
|
||
color: #777;
|
||
}
|
||
p,
|
||
blockquote,
|
||
ul,
|
||
ol,
|
||
dl,
|
||
table{
|
||
margin: 0.8em 0;
|
||
}
|
||
li>ol,
|
||
li>ul {
|
||
margin: 0 0;
|
||
}
|
||
hr {
|
||
height: 2px;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
margin: 16px 0;
|
||
background-color: #e7e7e7;
|
||
border: 0 none;
|
||
overflow: hidden;
|
||
box-sizing: content-box;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
li p.first {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
}
|
||
ul,
|
||
ol {
|
||
padding-left: 30px;
|
||
}
|
||
ul:first-child,
|
||
ol:first-child {
|
||
margin-top: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
ul:last-child,
|
||
ol:last-child {
|
||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
blockquote {
|
||
border-left: 4px solid #dfe2e5;
|
||
padding: 0 15px;
|
||
color: #777777;
|
||
}
|
||
blockquote blockquote {
|
||
padding-right: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
table {
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
word-break: initial;
|
||
}
|
||
table tr {
|
||
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
table tr:nth-child(2n),
|
||
thead {
|
||
background-color: #f8f8f8;
|
||
}
|
||
table th {
|
||
font-weight: bold;
|
||
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
|
||
border-bottom: 0;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 6px 13px;
|
||
}
|
||
table td {
|
||
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
|
||
margin: 0;
|
||
padding: 6px 13px;
|
||
}
|
||
table th:first-child,
|
||
table td:first-child {
|
||
margin-top: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
table th:last-child,
|
||
table td:last-child {
|
||
margin-bottom: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.CodeMirror-lines {
|
||
padding-left: 4px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.code-tooltip {
|
||
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,28,36,.3);
|
||
border-top: 1px solid #eef2f2;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-fences,
|
||
code,
|
||
tt {
|
||
border: 1px solid #e7eaed;
|
||
background-color: #f8f8f8;
|
||
border-radius: 3px;
|
||
padding: 0;
|
||
padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px;
|
||
font-size: 0.9em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
code {
|
||
background-color: #f3f4f4;
|
||
padding: 0 2px 0 2px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-fences {
|
||
margin-bottom: 15px;
|
||
margin-top: 15px;
|
||
padding-top: 8px;
|
||
padding-bottom: 6px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
.md-task-list-item > input {
|
||
margin-left: -1.3em;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
@media print {
|
||
html {
|
||
font-size: 13px;
|
||
}
|
||
table,
|
||
pre {
|
||
page-break-inside: avoid;
|
||
}
|
||
pre {
|
||
word-wrap: break-word;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-fences {
|
||
background-color: #f8f8f8;
|
||
}
|
||
#write pre.md-meta-block {
|
||
padding: 1rem;
|
||
font-size: 85%;
|
||
line-height: 1.45;
|
||
background-color: #f7f7f7;
|
||
border: 0;
|
||
border-radius: 3px;
|
||
color: #777777;
|
||
margin-top: 0 !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip {
|
||
bottom: .375rem;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-mathjax-midline {
|
||
background: #fafafa;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#write>h3.md-focus:before{
|
||
left: -1.5625rem;
|
||
top: .375rem;
|
||
}
|
||
#write>h4.md-focus:before{
|
||
left: -1.5625rem;
|
||
top: .285714286rem;
|
||
}
|
||
#write>h5.md-focus:before{
|
||
left: -1.5625rem;
|
||
top: .285714286rem;
|
||
}
|
||
#write>h6.md-focus:before{
|
||
left: -1.5625rem;
|
||
top: .285714286rem;
|
||
}
|
||
.md-image>.md-meta {
|
||
/*border: 1px solid #ddd;*/
|
||
border-radius: 3px;
|
||
padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px;
|
||
font-size: 0.9em;
|
||
color: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-tag {
|
||
color: #a7a7a7;
|
||
opacity: 1;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-toc {
|
||
margin-top:20px;
|
||
padding-bottom:20px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.sidebar-tabs {
|
||
border-bottom: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#typora-quick-open {
|
||
border: 1px solid #ddd;
|
||
background-color: #f8f8f8;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
#typora-quick-open-item {
|
||
background-color: #FAFAFA;
|
||
border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee;
|
||
border-style: solid;
|
||
border-width: 1px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/** focus mode */
|
||
.on-focus-mode blockquote {
|
||
border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer{
|
||
font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,
|
||
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state{
|
||
visibility: visible;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar {
|
||
background-color: #fafafa;
|
||
background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.md-lang {
|
||
color: #b4654d;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/*.html-for-mac {
|
||
--item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE;
|
||
}*/
|
||
|
||
#md-notification .btn {
|
||
border: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.dropdown-menu .divider {
|
||
border-color: #e5e5e5;
|
||
opacity: 0.4;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ty-preferences .window-content {
|
||
background-color: #fafafa;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active {
|
||
color: white;
|
||
background: #999;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.menu-item-container a.menu-style-btn {
|
||
background-color: #f5f8fa;
|
||
background-image: linear-gradient( 180deg , hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8), hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
|
||
direction: ltr;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
|
||
overflow: visible;
|
||
min-height: 1px;
|
||
min-width: 1px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg a {
|
||
fill: blue;
|
||
stroke: blue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-assistive-mml {
|
||
position: absolute !important;
|
||
top: 0px;
|
||
left: 0px;
|
||
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
|
||
padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px !important;
|
||
border: 0px !important;
|
||
display: block !important;
|
||
width: auto !important;
|
||
overflow: hidden !important;
|
||
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
|
||
-webkit-user-select: none;
|
||
-khtml-user-select: none;
|
||
-moz-user-select: none;
|
||
-ms-user-select: none;
|
||
user-select: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-assistive-mml[display="block"] {
|
||
width: 100% !important;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
|
||
display: block;
|
||
text-align: center;
|
||
margin: 1em 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"][width="full"] {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
|
||
text-align: left;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
|
||
text-align: right;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g {
|
||
fill: red;
|
||
stroke: red;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="merror"] > rect[data-background] {
|
||
fill: yellow;
|
||
stroke: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line], svg[data-table] > g > line[data-line] {
|
||
stroke-width: 70px;
|
||
fill: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > rect[data-frame], svg[data-table] > g > rect[data-frame] {
|
||
stroke-width: 70px;
|
||
fill: none;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dashed, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dashed {
|
||
stroke-dasharray: 140;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dotted, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dotted {
|
||
stroke-linecap: round;
|
||
stroke-dasharray: 0,140;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > g > svg {
|
||
overflow: visible;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
position: relative;
|
||
width: 0;
|
||
height: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
|
||
position: absolute;
|
||
top: 0;
|
||
left: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
|
||
display: inline-block;
|
||
padding: .2em;
|
||
border: 1px solid #888;
|
||
font-size: 70%;
|
||
background-color: #F8F8F8;
|
||
color: black;
|
||
box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="maction"][data-toggle] {
|
||
cursor: pointer;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-status {
|
||
display: block;
|
||
position: fixed;
|
||
left: 1em;
|
||
bottom: 1em;
|
||
min-width: 25%;
|
||
padding: .2em .4em;
|
||
border: 1px solid #888;
|
||
font-size: 90%;
|
||
background-color: #F8F8F8;
|
||
color: black;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
foreignObject[data-mjx-xml] {
|
||
font-family: initial;
|
||
line-height: normal;
|
||
overflow: visible;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] path[data-c], mjx-container[jax="SVG"] use[data-c] {
|
||
stroke-width: 3;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
g[data-mml-node="xypic"] path {
|
||
stroke-width: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.MathJax g[data-mml-node="xypic"] path {
|
||
stroke-width: inherit;
|
||
}
|
||
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] path[data-c], mjx-container[jax="SVG"] use[data-c] {
|
||
stroke-width: 0;
|
||
}
|
||
</style><title>URE_2</title>
|
||
</head>
|
||
<body class='typora-export'><div class='typora-export-content'>
|
||
<div id='write' class=''><h1 id='circuitos-en-corriente-alterna-filtros-transformadores-formas-de-onda-no-sinusoidales'><span>Circuitos en corriente alterna. Filtros. Transformadores. Formas de onda no sinusoidales.</span></h1><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/simbolos_resistencias.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><h4 id='21-circuitos-en-corriente-alterna'><span>2.1 Circuitos en corriente alterna.</span></h4><p><span>La ley de Ohm se aplica también a circuitos de </span><code>CA</code><span> siempre y cuando solo haya resistencias o elementos que se comporten como tales.</span></p><p><span>En el caso existan </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inductor'><span>bobinas</span></a><span> encontraremos la llamada </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactancia_inductiva'><span>reactancia inductiva</span></a><span> y si hay </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensador_el%C3%A9ctrico'><span>condensadores</span></a><span> la </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactancia'><span>reactancia</span></a><span> </span><a href='https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/Documentos/9_t3s2_c5_html_contex_1.pdf'><span>capacitiva</span></a><span>; las dos son consecuencia del desfase que se produce entre tensión y corriente.</span></p><h4 id='211-reactancia-inductiva'><span>2.1.1 Reactancia inductiva.</span></h4><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n7" cid="n7" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-tag-after="0" data-math-labels="[]"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.505ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 5527.1 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.566ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-8-TEX-I-1D44B" d="M42 0H40Q26 0 26 11Q26 15 29 27Q33 41 36 43T55 46Q141 49 190 98Q200 108 306 224T411 342Q302 620 297 625Q288 636 234 637H206Q200 643 200 645T202 664Q206 677 212 683H226Q260 681 347 681Q380 681 408 681T453 682T473 682Q490 682 490 671Q490 670 488 658Q484 643 481 640T465 637Q434 634 411 620L488 426L541 485Q646 598 646 610Q646 628 622 635Q617 635 609 637Q594 637 594 648Q594 650 596 664Q600 677 606 683H618Q619 683 643 683T697 681T738 680Q828 680 837 683H845Q852 676 852 672Q850 647 840 637H824Q790 636 763 628T722 611T698 593L687 584Q687 585 592 480L505 384Q505 383 536 304T601 142T638 56Q648 47 699 46Q734 46 734 37Q734 35 732 23Q728 7 725 4T711 1Q708 1 678 1T589 2Q528 2 496 2T461 1Q444 1 444 10Q444 11 446 25Q448 35 450 39T455 44T464 46T480 47T506 54Q523 62 523 64Q522 64 476 181L429 299Q241 95 236 84Q232 76 232 72Q232 53 261 47Q262 47 267 47T273 46Q276 46 277 46T280 45T283 42T284 35Q284 26 282 19Q279 6 276 4T261 1Q258 1 243 1T201 2T142 2Q64 2 42 0Z"></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-I-1D43F" d="M228 637Q194 637 192 641Q191 643 191 649Q191 673 202 682Q204 683 217 683Q271 680 344 680Q485 680 506 683H518Q524 677 524 674T522 656Q517 641 513 637H475Q406 636 394 628Q387 624 380 600T313 336Q297 271 279 198T252 88L243 52Q243 48 252 48T311 46H328Q360 46 379 47T428 54T478 72T522 106T564 161Q580 191 594 228T611 270Q616 273 628 273H641Q647 264 647 262T627 203T583 83T557 9Q555 4 553 3T537 0T494 -1Q483 -1 418 -1T294 0H116Q32 0 32 10Q32 17 34 24Q39 43 44 45Q48 46 59 46H65Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q147 65 216 339T285 628Q285 635 228 637Z"></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-N-A0" d=""></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-N-3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 336 708 328L390 327H72Q56 332 56 347ZM56 153Q56 168 72 173H708Q722 163 722 153Q722 140 707 133H70Q56 140 56 153Z"></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-N-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-I-1D70B" d="M132 -11Q98 -11 98 22V33L111 61Q186 219 220 334L228 358H196Q158 358 142 355T103 336Q92 329 81 318T62 297T53 285Q51 284 38 284Q19 284 19 294Q19 300 38 329T93 391T164 429Q171 431 389 431Q549 431 553 430Q573 423 573 402Q573 371 541 360Q535 358 472 358H408L405 341Q393 269 393 222Q393 170 402 129T421 65T431 37Q431 20 417 5T381 -10Q370 -10 363 -7T347 17T331 77Q330 86 330 121Q330 170 339 226T357 318T367 358H269L268 354Q268 351 249 275T206 114T175 17Q164 -11 132 -11Z"></path><path id="MJX-8-TEX-I-1D453" d="M118 -162Q120 -162 124 -164T135 -167T147 -168Q160 -168 171 -155T187 -126Q197 -99 221 27T267 267T289 382V385H242Q195 385 192 387Q188 390 188 397L195 425Q197 430 203 430T250 431Q298 431 298 432Q298 434 307 482T319 540Q356 705 465 705Q502 703 526 683T550 630Q550 594 529 578T487 561Q443 561 443 603Q443 622 454 636T478 657L487 662Q471 668 457 668Q445 668 434 658T419 630Q412 601 403 552T387 469T380 433Q380 431 435 431Q480 431 487 430T498 424Q499 420 496 407T491 391Q489 386 482 386T428 385H372L349 263Q301 15 282 -47Q255 -132 212 -173Q175 -205 139 -205Q107 -205 81 -186T55 -132Q55 -95 76 -78T118 -61Q162 -61 162 -103Q162 -122 151 -136T127 -157L118 -162Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mtable"><g data-mml-node="mtr"><g data-mml-node="mtd"><g data-mml-node="msub"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44B" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-I-1D44B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(861,-150) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="1D43F" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-I-1D43F"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(1392.5,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1920.3,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(2976.1,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(3226.1,0)"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(3726.1,0)"><use data-c="1D70B" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-I-1D70B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4296.1,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4846.1,0)"><use data-c="1D43F" xlink:href="#MJX-8-TEX-I-1D43F"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mtable displaystyle="true" columnalign="right" columnspacing="" rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>L</mi></msub><mtext> </mtext><mo>=</mo><mtext> </mtext><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>L</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><span>La oposición al paso de corriente alterna que presenta una bobina de inductancia </span><code>L</code><span> se llama reactancia inductiva </span><code>XL</code><span>. Si la tensión aplicada por el generador es </span><code>E</code><span>, la su frecuencia </span><code>f</code><span>, la oposición es explicada por la ecuación sobre escrita. </span></p><p><span>Si la </span><code>f</code><span> es </span><code>0</code><span> la </span><code>XL</code><span> también es </span><code>0</code><span> entonces la bobina se comporta como un conductor permitiendo el paso de la corriente. Mejor dicho </span><u><span>una bobina no se opone al paso de la corriente continua</span></u><span>.</span></p><h4 id='212-reactancia-capacitiva'><span>2.1.2 Reactancia capacitiva. </span></h4><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n11" cid="n11" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-tag-after="0" data-math-labels="[]"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.717ex" height="5.052ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1366.5 5620.7 2233" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.96ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-9-TEX-I-1D44B" d="M42 0H40Q26 0 26 11Q26 15 29 27Q33 41 36 43T55 46Q141 49 190 98Q200 108 306 224T411 342Q302 620 297 625Q288 636 234 637H206Q200 643 200 645T202 664Q206 677 212 683H226Q260 681 347 681Q380 681 408 681T453 682T473 682Q490 682 490 671Q490 670 488 658Q484 643 481 640T465 637Q434 634 411 620L488 426L541 485Q646 598 646 610Q646 628 622 635Q617 635 609 637Q594 637 594 648Q594 650 596 664Q600 677 606 683H618Q619 683 643 683T697 681T738 680Q828 680 837 683H845Q852 676 852 672Q850 647 840 637H824Q790 636 763 628T722 611T698 593L687 584Q687 585 592 480L505 384Q505 383 536 304T601 142T638 56Q648 47 699 46Q734 46 734 37Q734 35 732 23Q728 7 725 4T711 1Q708 1 678 1T589 2Q528 2 496 2T461 1Q444 1 444 10Q444 11 446 25Q448 35 450 39T455 44T464 46T480 47T506 54Q523 62 523 64Q522 64 476 181L429 299Q241 95 236 84Q232 76 232 72Q232 53 261 47Q262 47 267 47T273 46Q276 46 277 46T280 45T283 42T284 35Q284 26 282 19Q279 6 276 4T261 1Q258 1 243 1T201 2T142 2Q64 2 42 0Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-I-1D450" d="M34 159Q34 268 120 355T306 442Q362 442 394 418T427 355Q427 326 408 306T360 285Q341 285 330 295T319 325T330 359T352 380T366 386H367Q367 388 361 392T340 400T306 404Q276 404 249 390Q228 381 206 359Q162 315 142 235T121 119Q121 73 147 50Q169 26 205 26H209Q321 26 394 111Q403 121 406 121Q410 121 419 112T429 98T420 83T391 55T346 25T282 0T202 -11Q127 -11 81 37T34 159Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-N-A0" d=""></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-N-3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 336 708 328L390 327H72Q56 332 56 347ZM56 153Q56 168 72 173H708Q722 163 722 153Q722 140 707 133H70Q56 140 56 153Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-N-31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-N-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-I-1D70B" d="M132 -11Q98 -11 98 22V33L111 61Q186 219 220 334L228 358H196Q158 358 142 355T103 336Q92 329 81 318T62 297T53 285Q51 284 38 284Q19 284 19 294Q19 300 38 329T93 391T164 429Q171 431 389 431Q549 431 553 430Q573 423 573 402Q573 371 541 360Q535 358 472 358H408L405 341Q393 269 393 222Q393 170 402 129T421 65T431 37Q431 20 417 5T381 -10Q370 -10 363 -7T347 17T331 77Q330 86 330 121Q330 170 339 226T357 318T367 358H269L268 354Q268 351 249 275T206 114T175 17Q164 -11 132 -11Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-I-1D453" d="M118 -162Q120 -162 124 -164T135 -167T147 -168Q160 -168 171 -155T187 -126Q197 -99 221 27T267 267T289 382V385H242Q195 385 192 387Q188 390 188 397L195 425Q197 430 203 430T250 431Q298 431 298 432Q298 434 307 482T319 540Q356 705 465 705Q502 703 526 683T550 630Q550 594 529 578T487 561Q443 561 443 603Q443 622 454 636T478 657L487 662Q471 668 457 668Q445 668 434 658T419 630Q412 601 403 552T387 469T380 433Q380 431 435 431Q480 431 487 430T498 424Q499 420 496 407T491 391Q489 386 482 386T428 385H372L349 263Q301 15 282 -47Q255 -132 212 -173Q175 -205 139 -205Q107 -205 81 -186T55 -132Q55 -95 76 -78T118 -61Q162 -61 162 -103Q162 -122 151 -136T127 -157L118 -162Z"></path><path id="MJX-9-TEX-I-1D436" d="M50 252Q50 367 117 473T286 641T490 704Q580 704 633 653Q642 643 648 636T656 626L657 623Q660 623 684 649Q691 655 699 663T715 679T725 690L740 705H746Q760 705 760 698Q760 694 728 561Q692 422 692 421Q690 416 687 415T669 413H653Q647 419 647 422Q647 423 648 429T650 449T651 481Q651 552 619 605T510 659Q484 659 454 652T382 628T299 572T226 479Q194 422 175 346T156 222Q156 108 232 58Q280 24 350 24Q441 24 512 92T606 240Q610 253 612 255T628 257Q648 257 648 248Q648 243 647 239Q618 132 523 55T319 -22Q206 -22 128 53T50 252Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mtable"><g data-mml-node="mtr" transform="translate(0,24.5)"><g data-mml-node="mtd"><g data-mml-node="msub"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44B" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-I-1D44B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(861,-150) scale(0.707)"><use data-c="1D450" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-I-1D450"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(1217.2,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1745,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mfrac" transform="translate(2800.7,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1160,676)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-N-31"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,-686)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D70B" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-I-1D70B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1070,0)"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1620,0)"><use data-c="1D436" xlink:href="#MJX-9-TEX-I-1D436"></use></g></g><rect width="2580" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mtable displaystyle="true" columnalign="right" columnspacing="" rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><msub><mi>X</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mtext> </mtext><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><span>Es la oposición </span><code>XC</code><span> al paso de </span><code>CA</code><span> que presenta un condensador </span><code>C</code><span>. A mayor </span><code>f</code><span> o mayor </span><code>C</code><span> del condensador corresponderá menor reactancia capacitativa y viceversa. Cuanto mayor sea </span><code>C</code><span> y </span><code>f</code><span> mayor intensidad de </span><code>CA</code><span> atraviesa el condensador. Si </span><code>f</code><span> es </span><code>0</code><span> </span><code>XC</code><span> es infinita porqué el condensador se comporta como un aislante, impidiendo el paso de corriente. </span></p><p><span>Un condensador se opone al paso de corriente continua.</span></p><h4 id='213-combinación-de-componentes-impedancia'><span>2.1.3 Combinación de componentes. Impedancia. </span></h4><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n15" cid="n15" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-tag-after="0" data-math-labels="[]"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.127ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -750 5802 1000" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.566ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-10-TEX-I-1D44D" d="M58 8Q58 23 64 35Q64 36 329 334T596 635L586 637Q575 637 512 637H500H476Q442 637 420 635T365 624T311 598T266 548T228 469Q227 466 226 463T224 458T223 453T222 450L221 448Q218 443 202 443Q185 443 182 453L214 561Q228 606 241 651Q249 679 253 681Q256 683 487 683H718Q723 678 723 675Q723 673 717 649Q189 54 188 52L185 49H274Q369 50 377 51Q452 60 500 100T579 247Q587 272 590 277T603 282H607Q628 282 628 271Q547 5 541 2Q538 0 300 0H124Q58 0 58 8Z"></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-N-A0" d=""></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-N-3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 336 708 328L390 327H72Q56 332 56 347ZM56 153Q56 168 72 173H708Q722 163 722 153Q722 140 707 133H70Q56 140 56 153Z"></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-I-1D445" d="M230 637Q203 637 198 638T193 649Q193 676 204 682Q206 683 378 683Q550 682 564 680Q620 672 658 652T712 606T733 563T739 529Q739 484 710 445T643 385T576 351T538 338L545 333Q612 295 612 223Q612 212 607 162T602 80V71Q602 53 603 43T614 25T640 16Q668 16 686 38T712 85Q717 99 720 102T735 105Q755 105 755 93Q755 75 731 36Q693 -21 641 -21H632Q571 -21 531 4T487 82Q487 109 502 166T517 239Q517 290 474 313Q459 320 449 321T378 323H309L277 193Q244 61 244 59Q244 55 245 54T252 50T269 48T302 46H333Q339 38 339 37T336 19Q332 6 326 0H311Q275 2 180 2Q146 2 117 2T71 2T50 1Q33 1 33 10Q33 12 36 24Q41 43 46 45Q50 46 61 46H67Q94 46 127 49Q141 52 146 61Q149 65 218 339T287 628Q287 635 230 637ZM630 554Q630 586 609 608T523 636Q521 636 500 636T462 637H440Q393 637 386 627Q385 624 352 494T319 361Q319 360 388 360Q466 361 492 367Q556 377 592 426Q608 449 619 486T630 554Z"></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-N-2B" d="M56 237T56 250T70 270H369V420L370 570Q380 583 389 583Q402 583 409 568V270H707Q722 262 722 250T707 230H409V-68Q401 -82 391 -82H389H387Q375 -82 369 -68V230H70Q56 237 56 250Z"></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-I-1D457" d="M297 596Q297 627 318 644T361 661Q378 661 389 651T403 623Q403 595 384 576T340 557Q322 557 310 567T297 596ZM288 376Q288 405 262 405Q240 405 220 393T185 362T161 325T144 293L137 279Q135 278 121 278H107Q101 284 101 286T105 299Q126 348 164 391T252 441Q253 441 260 441T272 442Q296 441 316 432Q341 418 354 401T367 348V332L318 133Q267 -67 264 -75Q246 -125 194 -164T75 -204Q25 -204 7 -183T-12 -137Q-12 -110 7 -91T53 -71Q70 -71 82 -81T95 -112Q95 -148 63 -167Q69 -168 77 -168Q111 -168 139 -140T182 -74L193 -32Q204 11 219 72T251 197T278 308T289 365Q289 372 288 376Z"></path><path id="MJX-10-TEX-I-1D44B" d="M42 0H40Q26 0 26 11Q26 15 29 27Q33 41 36 43T55 46Q141 49 190 98Q200 108 306 224T411 342Q302 620 297 625Q288 636 234 637H206Q200 643 200 645T202 664Q206 677 212 683H226Q260 681 347 681Q380 681 408 681T453 682T473 682Q490 682 490 671Q490 670 488 658Q484 643 481 640T465 637Q434 634 411 620L488 426L541 485Q646 598 646 610Q646 628 622 635Q617 635 609 637Q594 637 594 648Q594 650 596 664Q600 677 606 683H618Q619 683 643 683T697 681T738 680Q828 680 837 683H845Q852 676 852 672Q850 647 840 637H824Q790 636 763 628T722 611T698 593L687 584Q687 585 592 480L505 384Q505 383 536 304T601 142T638 56Q648 47 699 46Q734 46 734 37Q734 35 732 23Q728 7 725 4T711 1Q708 1 678 1T589 2Q528 2 496 2T461 1Q444 1 444 10Q444 11 446 25Q448 35 450 39T455 44T464 46T480 47T506 54Q523 62 523 64Q522 64 476 181L429 299Q241 95 236 84Q232 76 232 72Q232 53 261 47Q262 47 267 47T273 46Q276 46 277 46T280 45T283 42T284 35Q284 26 282 19Q279 6 276 4T261 1Q258 1 243 1T201 2T142 2Q64 2 42 0Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mtable"><g data-mml-node="mtr"><g data-mml-node="mtd"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D44D" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-I-1D44D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(723,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1250.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(2306.6,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2556.6,0)"><use data-c="1D445" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-I-1D445"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3537.8,0)"><use data-c="2B" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-N-2B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4538,0)"><use data-c="1D457" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-I-1D457"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4950,0)"><use data-c="1D44B" xlink:href="#MJX-10-TEX-I-1D44B"></use></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mtable displaystyle="true" columnalign="right" columnspacing="" rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><mi>Z</mi><mtext> </mtext><mo>=</mo><mtext> </mtext><mi>R</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>j</mi><mi>X</mi></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p> </p><p><span>Se oponen al paso de CA en los circuitos tanto resistencias, cuanto condensadores y bobinas.</span></p><p><span>La </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impedancia'><span>impedancia</span></a><span> </span><code>Z</code><span> de un circuito es la suma de su resistencia </span><code>R</code><span> y su reactancia </span><code>X</code><span>. La letra </span><code>j</code><span> se trata da un </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_imaginario'><span>número imaginario</span></a><span> ya que como hemos visto anteriormente para definir correctamente una reactancia, hay que tener en cuenta tanto su valor absoluto como el ángulo de desfase introducido por las bobinas y/o condensadores del circuito. Una impedancia, pues, debe definirse de tal forma que se conozca su magnitud y el desfasaje que produzca.</span></p><h4 id='2131-circuitos-serie'><span>2.1.3.1 Circuitos serie.</span></h4><p><img src="https://github.com/noplacenoaddress/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>Si intercalamos una resistencia en un circuito recurrido por CA la intensidad según la ley de Ohm es </span><code>I = E/R</code><span> y la tensión estará en fase con la intensidad.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_condensador.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>La oposición que opone </span><code>C</code><span> a la </span><code>CA</code><span> se llama reactancia capacitiva, presenta menor resistencia al paso de la corriente cuando:</span></p><ul><li><span>su capacidad es alta.</span></li><li><span>aumenta la frecuencia de la corriente.</span></li></ul><p><span>Se produce un desfase en el que la intensidad </span><code>I</code><span> se adelanta a la tensión </span><code>E</code><span> en 90°.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_bobina.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>La bobina </span><code>L</code><span> se opone al paso de </span><code>CA</code><span> a través de reactancia inductiva, proporcional al </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coeficiente_(matem%C3%A1tica)'><span>coeficiente</span></a><span> de </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoinducci%C3%B3n'><span>autoinducción</span></a><span> </span><code>L</code><span> , a la </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocidad_angular'><span>pulsación</span></a><span> </span><code>ω</code><span> y por consiguiente a la frecuencia </span><code>f</code><span>. A mayor frecuencia de la </span><code>CA</code><span>, mayor reactancia inductiva. </span><code>L</code><span> se opone con más fuerza a los aumentos de la frecuencia se comporta de forma contraria al condensador, la tensión </span><code>E</code><span> se adelanta de 90° a la intensidad </span><code>I</code><span>.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_bobina_serie.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>In un circuito con una resistencia y una bobina en </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuito_en_serie'><span>serie</span></a><span> como la resistencia no desfasa y la bobina si que lo hace predomina el efecto de </span><code>L</code><span>. El desfase en este caso es menor de 90° porqué interviene </span><code>R</code><span>.</span></p><p><span>Cuando hay condensadores, bobinas y resistencias en un circuito aparecen </span><a href='http://ingenieriaelectricafravedsa.blogspot.com/2014/11/tensiones-simples-y-compuestas.html'><span>tensiones combinadas</span></a><span> o de conjunto, intensidades combinadas o del conjunto e impedancias. </span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_condensador_serie.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>En los circuitos </span><code>R-C</code><span> también hay caída de tensión menor de 90°. </span><code>R</code><span> aminora este desfase. La tensión del conjunto es la suma de la caídas en </span><code>R</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_bobina_condensador_serie.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>En serie </span><code>R-L-C</code><span> bobina y condensador ejercen efectos opuestos tanto en reactancia cuanto en caídas de tensión. La impedancia en este caso es la suma de la resistencia de </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>. La tensión total también es la suma de la caída de tensión en la </span><code>R</code><span> y la resultante en </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>. Los valores tensión aplicada se reparten en los distintos componentes </span><code>R</code><span>, </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span> dependiendo del valor resistivo de cada una de ellas, en cada elemento </span><code>R</code><span>, </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span> la tensión es el producto de intensidad por resistencia (o reactancia en los casos de </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>).</span></p><p><span>Los desfases dependen de los valores de </span><code>R</code><span>, </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span> y son menores de 90°. Si la reactancia del condensador es mayor que la de la bobina, nos encontramos ante un </span><a href='https://www.fisicapractica.com/inductivos-alterna.php'><span>circuito inductivo</span></a><span>. Si predominan componentes capacitivas será un </span><a href='https://www.fisicapractica.com/capacitivos-alterna.php'><span>circuito capacitivo</span></a><span>. Si se compensan el circuito será </span><a href='http://www.proyecto987.es/corriente_alterna_6.html#Circuito_resistivo_puro'><span>resistivo puro</span></a><span>.</span></p><h4 id='2132-circuitos-en-paralelo'><span>2.1.3.2 Circuitos en paralelo</span></h4><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_bobina_paralelo.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>Las caídas de tensión en </span><code>R</code><span> y </span><code>L</code><span> son iguales dependiendo con la tensión aplicada. La intensidad de línea </span><code>I</code><span> tiene que ser mayor que la que circula por cada rama, equivaliendo a la </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_de_Pit%C3%A1goras'><span>suma pitagórica</span></a><span> de ambas.</span></p><p><span>El desfase es también menor de 90° adelantándose </span><code>E</code><span> a </span><code>I</code><span>. Si la reactancia inductiva de la bobina es menor que la resistencia </span><code>R</code><span> la corriente va por la bobina: circuito inductivo.</span></p><p><span>Si la reactancia inductiva es mayor que la resistencia </span><code>R</code><span> la corriente va por la resistencia: el circuito es resistivo.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_condesador_paralelo.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>Con la caída de tensión ocurre igual que en el caso anterior, pero referido a </span><code>R</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>, en el desfase, siempre menor de 90°, </span><code>C</code><span> hace que se adelante la intensidad </span><code>I</code><span> a la tensión </span><code>E</code><span>. </span></p><p><span>Si la reactancia capacitiva es menor que </span><code>R</code><span> la corriente va por </span><code>C</code><span>: circuito capacitivo.</span></p><p><span>Si la reactancia capacitiva es mayor que </span><code>R</code><span> la corriente va por </span><code>R</code><span>: circuito resistivo.</span></p><p><img src="https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/circuito_resistencia_bobina_condensador_paralelo.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>La tensión es la misma en cada rama. La intensidad es según la ley de Ohm la tensión dividida por la resistencia </span><code>R</code><span> o las reactancias </span><code>L</code><span> y </span><code>C</code><span>.</span></p><p><span>Si la reactancia de C es mayor que la de L: circuito inductivo.</span></p><p><span>Si predominan las componentes capacitivas: circuito capacitivo.</span></p><p><span>Si los componentes son iguales: circuito resistivo puro.</span></p><h4 id='22-circuitos-resonantes'><span>2.2 Circuitos resonantes. </span></h4><p><img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/VariacionIZ.jpg" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></p><p><span>Circuitos donde se igualen las reactancias inductivas y capacitivas a una determinada frecuencia, llamada </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancia_el%C3%A9ctrica'><span>frecuencia de resonancia</span></a><span>:</span></p><div contenteditable="false" spellcheck="false" class="mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock" id="mathjax-n71" cid="n71" mdtype="math_block" data-math-tag-before="0" data-math-labels="[]" data-math-tag-after="0"><div class="md-rawblock-container md-math-container" contenteditable="false" tabindex="-1"><mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG" display="true" style="position: relative;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.999ex" height="5.344ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 -1431 6187.6 2362" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.106ex;"><defs><path id="MJX-66-TEX-I-1D453" d="M118 -162Q120 -162 124 -164T135 -167T147 -168Q160 -168 171 -155T187 -126Q197 -99 221 27T267 267T289 382V385H242Q195 385 192 387Q188 390 188 397L195 425Q197 430 203 430T250 431Q298 431 298 432Q298 434 307 482T319 540Q356 705 465 705Q502 703 526 683T550 630Q550 594 529 578T487 561Q443 561 443 603Q443 622 454 636T478 657L487 662Q471 668 457 668Q445 668 434 658T419 630Q412 601 403 552T387 469T380 433Q380 431 435 431Q480 431 487 430T498 424Q499 420 496 407T491 391Q489 386 482 386T428 385H372L349 263Q301 15 282 -47Q255 -132 212 -173Q175 -205 139 -205Q107 -205 81 -186T55 -132Q55 -95 76 -78T118 -61Q162 -61 162 -103Q162 -122 151 -136T127 -157L118 -162Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-N-A0" d=""></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-N-3D" d="M56 347Q56 360 70 367H707Q722 359 722 347Q722 336 708 328L390 327H72Q56 332 56 347ZM56 153Q56 168 72 173H708Q722 163 722 153Q722 140 707 133H70Q56 140 56 153Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-N-31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-N-32" d="M109 429Q82 429 66 447T50 491Q50 562 103 614T235 666Q326 666 387 610T449 465Q449 422 429 383T381 315T301 241Q265 210 201 149L142 93L218 92Q375 92 385 97Q392 99 409 186V189H449V186Q448 183 436 95T421 3V0H50V19V31Q50 38 56 46T86 81Q115 113 136 137Q145 147 170 174T204 211T233 244T261 278T284 308T305 340T320 369T333 401T340 431T343 464Q343 527 309 573T212 619Q179 619 154 602T119 569T109 550Q109 549 114 549Q132 549 151 535T170 489Q170 464 154 447T109 429Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-I-1D70B" d="M132 -11Q98 -11 98 22V33L111 61Q186 219 220 334L228 358H196Q158 358 142 355T103 336Q92 329 81 318T62 297T53 285Q51 284 38 284Q19 284 19 294Q19 300 38 329T93 391T164 429Q171 431 389 431Q549 431 553 430Q573 423 573 402Q573 371 541 360Q535 358 472 358H408L405 341Q393 269 393 222Q393 170 402 129T421 65T431 37Q431 20 417 5T381 -10Q370 -10 363 -7T347 17T331 77Q330 86 330 121Q330 170 339 226T357 318T367 358H269L268 354Q268 351 249 275T206 114T175 17Q164 -11 132 -11Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-N-221A" d="M95 178Q89 178 81 186T72 200T103 230T169 280T207 309Q209 311 212 311H213Q219 311 227 294T281 177Q300 134 312 108L397 -77Q398 -77 501 136T707 565T814 786Q820 800 834 800Q841 800 846 794T853 782V776L620 293L385 -193Q381 -200 366 -200Q357 -200 354 -197Q352 -195 256 15L160 225L144 214Q129 202 113 190T95 178Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-I-1D43F" d="M228 637Q194 637 192 641Q191 643 191 649Q191 673 202 682Q204 683 217 683Q271 680 344 680Q485 680 506 683H518Q524 677 524 674T522 656Q517 641 513 637H475Q406 636 394 628Q387 624 380 600T313 336Q297 271 279 198T252 88L243 52Q243 48 252 48T311 46H328Q360 46 379 47T428 54T478 72T522 106T564 161Q580 191 594 228T611 270Q616 273 628 273H641Q647 264 647 262T627 203T583 83T557 9Q555 4 553 3T537 0T494 -1Q483 -1 418 -1T294 0H116Q32 0 32 10Q32 17 34 24Q39 43 44 45Q48 46 59 46H65Q92 46 125 49Q139 52 144 61Q147 65 216 339T285 628Q285 635 228 637Z"></path><path id="MJX-66-TEX-I-1D436" d="M50 252Q50 367 117 473T286 641T490 704Q580 704 633 653Q642 643 648 636T656 626L657 623Q660 623 684 649Q691 655 699 663T715 679T725 690L740 705H746Q760 705 760 698Q760 694 728 561Q692 422 692 421Q690 416 687 415T669 413H653Q647 419 647 422Q647 423 648 429T650 449T651 481Q651 552 619 605T510 659Q484 659 454 652T382 628T299 572T226 479Q194 422 175 346T156 222Q156 108 232 58Q280 24 350 24Q441 24 512 92T606 240Q610 253 612 255T628 257Q648 257 648 248Q648 243 647 239Q618 132 523 55T319 -22Q206 -22 128 53T50 252Z"></path></defs><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mtable"><g data-mml-node="mtr" transform="translate(0,89)"><g data-mml-node="mtd"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D453" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-I-1D453"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(550,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(1077.8,0)"><use data-c="3D" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-3D"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mtext" transform="translate(2133.6,0)"><use data-c="A0" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-A0"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mfrac" transform="translate(2383.6,0)"><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(1652,676)"><use data-c="31" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-31"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mrow" transform="translate(220,-929)"><g data-mml-node="mn"><use data-c="32" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-32"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(500,0)"><use data-c="1D70B" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-I-1D70B"></use></g><g data-mml-node="msqrt" transform="translate(1070,0)"><g transform="translate(853,0)"><g data-mml-node="mi"><use data-c="1D43F" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-I-1D43F"></use></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(681,0)"><use data-c="1D436" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-I-1D436"></use></g></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(0,109)"><use data-c="221A" xlink:href="#MJX-66-TEX-N-221A"></use></g><rect width="1441" height="60" x="853" y="849"></rect></g></g><rect width="3564" height="60" x="120" y="220"></rect></g></g></g></g></g></g></svg><mjx-assistive-mml unselectable="on" display="block"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><mtable displaystyle="true" columnalign="right" columnspacing="" rowspacing="3pt"><mtr><mtd><mi>f</mi><mtext> </mtext><mo>=</mo><mtext> </mtext><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>π</mi><msqrt><mi>L</mi><mi>C</mi></msqrt></mrow></mfrac></mtd></mtr></mtable></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container></div></div><p><code>L</code><span> es la autoinducción en henrios y </span><code>C</code><span> la capacidad en faradios. </span></p><p><span>Por debajo de la resonancia predomina el carácter inductivo porque la corriente pasará mejor por la bobina que por el condensador. Por encima el circuito será capacitivo porqu el condensador para estas frecuencias presenta menos dificultades al paso de la corriente.</span></p><p><span>La intensidad será por la ley de Ohm la tensión dividida pro la impedancia del conjunto </span><code>I=E/Z</code></p><h5 id='resonante-serie'><span>Resonante serie</span></h5><p><span>La tensión es la misma en los terminales de la autoinducción que en los terminales de la capacidad, se reduce al mínimo y la intensidad es máxima.</span></p><p><span>Se pueden conseguir corrientes muy elevadas haciendo que la resistencia sea muy pequeña y puede el circuito entregar tensiones mucho mayores que las que recibe.</span></p><p><span>La </span><a href='https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resonancia#Curva_de_resonancia_universal'><span>curva de resonancia</span></a><span> nos dice que la corriente varía según sea la frecuencia. Al variar </span><code>R</code><span>, la frecuencia de resonancia no varía. Si aumenta </span><code>R</code><span> la intensidad disminuye pero si </span><code>R</code><span> es muy grande pierde el circuito la facultad de seleccionar tensiones y no habrá diferencias entre las corrientes que circulan a la frecuencia de resonancia y las que lo hacen a otras frecuencias. </span></p><p><span>Si </span><code>f</code><span> es baja el condensador se opone más, habrá un efecto de reactancia capacitiva. Si aumentamos la frecuencia llegan a igualarse la reactancia capacitiva y la inductiva, haciéndose la impedancia mínima; coincide entonces con la frecuencia de resonancia y el circuito resuena. La impedancia se reduce a </span><code>R</code><span> y entonces la intensidad es máxima.</span></p><p><span>Por encima de esta frecuencia la oposición al paso es de efecto inductivo ya que la bobina </span><code>L</code><span> presente siempre pegas al aumento de la frecuencia al contrario del condensador </span><code>C</code><span>. Al ejercer la bobina un efecto inductivo alto el circuito se comporta como capacitivo, discurre mayor corriente a toda ella por la capacidad o condensador.</span></p><p><span>En condiciones de resonancia se compensan los desfases entra I y E, el condensador adelanta a la intensidad y en la bobina en cambio se adelante la tensión E, ambas de 90°. La curva que representa la intensidad es exactamente opuesta a la curva que representaría la impedancia. </span></p><h5 id='resonante-paralelo'><span>Resonante paralelo</span></h5><h2 id='bibliografía'><span>Bibliografía </span></h2><ul><li><span>Libro de examen de radioaficionado, Luis Alarcón Palencia </span><code>EA4DXP</code></li><li><a href='https://www.simbologia-electronica.com/'><span>Símbolos eléctricos & electrónicos</span></a><span>. </span></li><li><a href='http://opencircuitdesign.com/xcircuit/'><span>Xcircuit</span></a></li><li><span>Física práctica - </span><a href='https://www.fisicapractica.com/electricidad.php'><span>Electricidad</span></a><span>. </span></li><li><span>Proyecto 987 - </span><a href='http://www.proyecto987.es/corriente_alterna_0.html'><span>Corriente alterna</span></a><span>.</span></li></ul></div></div>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html> |