From dcf0f543a8f308f7623b96d4f93b4ab977755766 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Riccardo Giuntoli Date: Wed, 9 Feb 2022 09:00:19 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] s --- .../PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.ps | 301 ++++++++++++++++++ .../PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.svg | 74 +++++ es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_4.md | 4 + 3 files changed, 379 insertions(+) create mode 100644 es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.ps create mode 100644 es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.svg diff --git a/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.ps b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.ps new file mode 100644 index 00000000..03e25570 --- /dev/null +++ b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.ps @@ -0,0 +1,301 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 +%%Title: rectificador_ondacompleta +%%Creator: XCircuit v3.9 rev73 +%%CreationDate: Wed Feb 9 09:00:03 2022 +%%Pages: 1 +%%BoundingBox: 68 68 364 187 +%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman +%%EndComments +%%BeginProlog +% +% PostScript prolog for output from xcircuit +% Version: 3.9 +% +% Electrical circuit (and otherwise general) drawing program +% +% Written by Tim Edwards 8/5/93--4/12/16 (tim@opencircuitdesign.com) +% The Johns Hopkins University (1993-2004) +% MultiGiG, Inc. (2004-2012) +% Open Circuit Design (2012-2016) +% +%%BeginResource: procset XCIRCproc 3.9 1 +% +% supporting definitions --- these are the primary xcircuit types. + +/XCIRCsave save def +/topmat matrix currentmatrix def + +/fontslant { /slant exch def [1 0 slant 1 0 0] + exch findfont exch makefont dup length dict /ndict exch def + { 1 index /FID ne { ndict 3 1 roll put } { pop pop } ifelse } forall + ndict definefont pop} def +/ul { count 0 gt { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave + currentpoint topmat setmatrix 0 0 moveto 2 index stringwidth pop (_) + false charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop 1 index + sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint 3 -1 roll add moveto 0 + rlineto stroke moveto } if } if } def +/ol { count 0 gt { dup type /stringtype eq showflag 1 eq and { gsave gsave + currentpoint topmat setmatrix 2 index stringwidth pop 3 index + true charpath flattenpath pathbbox grestore exch pop + exch pop topmat setmatrix (_) true charpath pathbbox grestore + exch pop 1 index sub setlinewidth exch pop currentpoint + exch 4 1 roll exch sub add moveto pop 0 rlineto stroke + moveto } if } if } def +/stW { gsave currentpoint newpath moveto true charpath flattenpath + pathbbox pop exch pop sub grestore } def +/Ts {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark 1 add array astore /Tabs exch def Tabs + 0 currentpoint pop put} def +/Tbn {mark Tabs aload pop counttomark dup 2 add 1 roll cleartomark 1 sub} def +/Tb { 0 1 Tbn {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop lt + {currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def +/Tf { Tbn -1 0 {Tabs exch get dup currentpoint pop gt + {currentpoint exch pop moveto exit} {pop} ifelse } for } def +/qS { (aa) stW (a a) stW sub 4 div 0 Kn } def +/hS { qS qS } def +/pspc 0 def +/cf0 { scalefont setfont } bind def +/Kn { dup kY add /kY exch def rmoveto } bind def +/ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul + 0.33 mul neg Kn} def +/Ss { /fscale fscale 0.67 mul def currentfont 0.67 cf0 0 fscale0 fscale mul + 0.67 mul Kn } def +/ns { 0 kY neg Kn /kY 0 def /fscale 1.0 def xfont0 1.0 cf0 } def +/MR { /twidth exch def } def +/CRx { } def +/CR { ns 0 /Bline Bline fscale0 neg add def Bline moveto CRx } def +/cf { dup type /realtype ne {1.0} if exch findfont exch kY 0 eq + { 40 mul dup /fscale0 exch def cf0 /xfont0 currentfont def} + {fscale0 mul fscale mul cf0} ifelse } def +/ctmk { counttomark dup 2 add -1 roll pop } bind def +/label { gsave translate 0 0 moveto dup scale neg + /rotval exch def /twidth 100000 def /just exch def just 128 and + 0 gt {/mshow {pop} def} {/mshow {show} def} ifelse just 16 and 0 + gt {gsave rotval rotate 0 1 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix + idtransform exch grestore 1 0 dtransform gsave pagemat setmatrix + idtransform exch grestore dup abs 1e-9 lt {pop mul 0 gt} {3 1 roll + pop pop 0 lt} ifelse grestore {-1 /rotval rotval neg def /just just + dup 3 and 1 ne {3 xor} if def} {1} ifelse exch -1e-9 lt {-1 /rotval + rotval neg def /just just dup 12 and 4 ne {12 xor} if def} {1} + ifelse scale } if /showflag 0 def /fspc pspc def /Bline 0 def + /numlines 0 def /padding 0 array def /Tabs 0 array def + /fscale 1.0 def /kY 0 def gsave /CRx { linewid padding + aload pop numlines 1 add dup /numlines exch def array astore + /padding exch def /linewid 0 def } def dup 1 add copy dup 1 0 + dtransform exch atan rotate {exch dup type /stringtype eq {gsave dup + gsave newpath 0 0 moveto true charpath flattenpath pathbbox pop exch + pop exch pop grestore currentpoint pop add dup /linewid exch def twidth + ge {grestore CR exch 1 add dup 2 add {CR} exch 1 roll exch} {grestore} + ifelse true charpath flattenpath} {dup type /arraytype eq {exec} {12 + string cvs true charpath flattenpath} ifelse} ifelse} repeat + CRx /CRx {padding aload pop just 1280 and 0 gt {blockwid exch sub just + 1024 and 0 gt {0.5 mul} if} {pop 0} ifelse 0 rmoveto numlines 1 sub + dup /numlines exch def array astore /padding exch def} def exch pop + pathbbox grestore 4 copy pop exch pop exch sub /blockwid exch def + 3 -1 roll pop 3 1 roll just 1 and 0 gt {just 2 and + 0 gt {exch pop neg fspc sub} {exch sub 0.5 mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg + fspc add} ifelse exch Bline exch just 4 and 0 gt {just 8 and 0 gt + {exch pop neg fspc sub} {add 0.5 mul neg} ifelse} {pop neg fspc add} + ifelse rotval rotate Kn currentpoint translate /showflag 1 def /Bline + 0 def /Tabs 0 array def /fscale 1.0 def /kY 0 def CRx {dup type + /stringtype eq {mshow} {dup type /arraytype eq {exec} {12 string cvs + mshow} ifelse} ifelse} repeat grestore endclip} def +/pinlabel { 4 index 32 and 0 ne hlevel 0 eq or { /pspc 10 def label + /pspc 0 def } { pop pop pop pop pop {pop} repeat } ifelse } def +/pinglobal { pinlabel } def +/infolabel { pinlabel } def +/graphic { gsave 4 index cvx exec /DataSource get resetfile translate 0 0 + moveto neg rotate dup scale cvx exec image grestore endclip} def + +/scb { setrgbcolor } bind def /sce { defColor aload pop scb } bind def +/cRedef {/defColor currentcolor 3 array astore def} def +/begingate {dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin % default params + dup type /dicttype ne {1 dict} if begin % instanced params + /hlevel hlevel 1 add def /defColor currentcolor sce 3 array astore + def gsave sce translate 0 0 moveto neg rotate dup type /nametype + eq not { dup abs currentlinewidth exch div setlinewidth } { pop } + ifelse dup abs scale clipped 1 and 1 eq {/clipped clipped 1 add def} + if} bind def +/endgate { /hlevel hlevel 1 sub def grestore defColor aload pop cRedef + scb end end endclip} bind def + +/hlevel 0 def +/endclip {clipped 1 and 1 eq {grestore /clipped clipped 1 sub def} if} def +/tmpa [1 0 0 1 0 0] def +/gar {8 8 true tmpa {} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {<30 70 60 02 03 07 06 20>} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {<0c 1e 1e 0c c0 e1 e1 c0>} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {<0f 0f 0f 0f f0 f0 f0 f0>} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {<3f f3 e1 e1 f3 3f 1e 1e>} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {} imagemask} bind +{8 8 true tmpa {} imagemask} bind 7 array astore def +/ppaint { gsave clip tmpa dup setmatrix pathbbox neg exch neg 4 2 roll + neg 4 -1 roll 2 copy gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 4 2 roll neg 2 copy + gt {exch} if 8 div ceiling 8 mul 3 -1 roll -8 5 -1 roll + { 3 index exch 5 exch put dup -8 3 index { 3 index + exch 4 exch put 3 index exec } for } for pop pop pop pop grestore } bind def +/setstyles { + currentlinewidth mul setlinewidth /style exch def style 2048 and 0 gt + clipped 1 and 0 eq and {clip newpath /clipped clipped 1 add def} { + style 1 and 0 gt not {closepath} if + style 1024 and 0 gt {2 setlinecap 0 setlinejoin} if + style 2 and 0 gt {currentlinewidth 4 mul dup 2 array astore 0 setdash} if + style 4 and 0 gt {0.5 currentlinewidth 4 mul 2 array astore 0 setdash} if + gsave style 16 and 0 gt { style 224 and -5 bitshift style 256 and 0 gt { + 7 exch sub 8 div dup 1 exch sub currentrgbcolor 3 array astore + {3 copy mul add 4 1 roll pop} forall pop pop setrgbcolor eofill} + {dup 7 lt {gar exch get ppaint} {pop eofill} ifelse} ifelse} + {style 256 and 0 gt {1 setgray eofill} if} ifelse grestore style 8 and 0 gt + style 512 eq or {newpath} {stroke} ifelse grestore endclip} ifelse} def + +/addtoy {exch dup dup 2 mul 3 add 1 roll -1 1 { 4 1 roll dup 4 1 roll add + 4 -1 roll 2 mul 1 add index 2 mul 2 add 2 roll} for pop} def +/addtoy1 {1 exch addtoy pop} def +/addtoy3 {3 exch addtoy pop} def +/addtoy4 {4 exch addtoy pop} def +/addtox {exch dup dup 2 mul 3 add 1 roll -1 1 { 4 1 roll dup 4 1 roll 3 -1 roll + add exch 4 -1 roll 2 mul 1 add index 2 mul 2 add 2 roll} for pop} def +/addtox1 {1 exch addtox pop} def +/addtox3 {3 exch addtox pop} def +/addtox4 {4 exch addtox pop} def +/polygon { gsave /num exch def moveto num 1 sub {lineto} repeat setstyles } def +/xcarc { gsave newpath arc setstyles } def +/elb { matrix currentmatrix 7 -1 roll 7 -1 roll translate 5 1 roll 4 -1 roll + 3 index div 1 scale } def +/ele { 0 4 1 roll 0 4 1 roll } bind def +/ellipse { gsave elb newpath ele arc setmatrix setstyles } def +/pellip { elb ele arc setmatrix } def +/nellip { elb ele arcn setmatrix } def +/spline { gsave moveto curveto setstyles } def +/polyc { {lineto} repeat } bind def +/beginpath { gsave moveto } bind def +/endpath { setstyles } bind def +/bop { 1 setlinecap 2 setlinejoin 6 setmiterlimit 0 0 0 scb cRedef + /clipped 0 def} def +/psinsertion {/PSobj save def /showpage {} def /setpagedevice {pop} def bop + rotate translate dup scale} def +/end_insert {PSobj restore} def +/setpagemat {/pagemat matrix currentmatrix def} def +/inchscale {setpagemat 0.375 mul dup scale} def +/cmscale {setpagemat 0.35433071 mul dup scale} def + +%%EndResource +%%EndProlog +% XCircuit output starts here. + +%%BeginSetup + +/inductors::inductor { +begingate +1 1.500 20 38 20 22 0 18 0 42 spline +1 1.500 20 18 20 2 0 -2 0 22 spline +1 1.500 20 -2 20 -18 0 -22 0 2 spline +1 1.500 20 -22 20 -38 0 -42 0 -18 spline +1 1.500 -20 -14 -20 -26 0 -22 0 -18 spline +1 1.500 -20 26 -20 14 0 18 0 22 spline +1 1.500 -20 6 -20 -6 0 -2 0 2 spline +1 1.000 0 -42 0 -64 2 polygon +1 1.000 0 42 0 64 2 polygon +1.000 0.000 0.000 scb +(l.1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 -0.000 1.000 0 64 pinlabel +(l.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 -0.000 1.000 0 -64 pinlabel +0.180 0.545 0.341 scb +(spice:L%i %pl.1 %pl.2 1.0U) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 -0.000 1.000 -208 -160 +infolabel +(sim:l %pl.1 %pl.2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 0 -0.000 1.000 -208 -208 infolabel +endgate +} def + +/transformers::Transformer { +<> begingate +1.000 -0.000 -32 0 inductors::inductor +1 1.000 -8 48 -8 -48 2 polygon +1 1.000 8 48 8 -48 2 polygon +1.000 180.000 32 0 inductors::inductor +1.000 0.000 0.000 scb +(1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 25 -0.000 1.000 -32 64 pinlabel +(2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 -0.000 1.000 -32 -64 pinlabel +(3) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 25 -0.000 1.000 32 64 pinlabel +(4) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 -0.000 1.000 32 -64 pinlabel +0.180 0.545 0.341 scb +mark @idx (pcb:T) {/Times-Roman cf} ctmk 20 -0.000 1.000 -96 -160 infolabel +endgate +} def + +/terminals::circle { +% trivial +begingate +1 1.000 16 0 6 0.000 360.000 xcarc +1 1.000 0 0 10 0 2 polygon +1.000 0.000 0.000 scb +(out) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 4 -0.000 1.000 16 0 pinlabel +(out) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 7 -0.000 1.000 0 0 pinlabel +endgate +} def + +/diodes::diode { +begingate +248 1.500 -18 -16 0 16 18 -16 3 polygon +0 1.500 -18 16 18 16 2 polygon +1 1.000 0 -48 0 -16 2 polygon +1 1.000 0 48 0 16 2 polygon +1.000 0.000 0.000 scb +(d.m) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 9 -0.000 1.000 0 48 pinlabel +(d.p) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 13 -0.000 1.000 0 -48 pinlabel +endgate +} def + +/terminals::dot { +% trivial +begingate +248 1.000 0 0 6 0.000 360.000 xcarc +1.000 0.000 0.000 scb +(x) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 29 -0.000 1.000 0 0 pinlabel +endgate +} def + +/euro::R { +begingate +1 1.000 0 80 0 40 2 polygon +1 1.000 -16 40 16 40 16 -40 -16 -40 -16 40 5 polygon +1 1.000 0 -40 0 -80 2 polygon +endgate +} def + + +%%EndSetup + +%%Page: 1 1 +%%PageOrientation: Portrait +/pgsave save def bop +1.0000 inchscale +2.6000 setlinewidth 1302 0 translate + +1.000 0.000 -928 336 transformers::Transformer +1.000 180.000 -1088 416 terminals::circle +1.000 180.000 -1088 256 terminals::circle +1 1.000 -960 400 -960 416 -1088 416 -1072 416 4 polygon +1 1.000 -960 272 -960 256 -1088 256 3 polygon +1.000 0.000 -832 416 terminals::circle +1.000 0.000 -832 256 terminals::circle +1 1.000 -896 400 -896 416 -832 416 3 polygon +1 1.000 -896 272 -896 256 -832 256 3 polygon +1.000 90.000 -624 416 diodes::diode +1.000 90.000 -624 256 diodes::diode +1 1.000 -816 416 -848 416 2 polygon +1 1.000 -832 416 -656 416 2 polygon +1 1.000 -832 256 -656 256 2 polygon +1.000 0.000 -512 416 terminals::dot +1 1.000 -592 416 -512 416 -512 256 -576 256 4 polygon +1.000 0.000 -432 416 terminals::circle +1.000 0.000 -432 256 terminals::circle +1.000 0.000 -416 336 euro::R +1 1.000 -512 416 -416 416 2 polygon +1 1.000 -416 256 -480 256 -480 336 -880 336 4 polygon +(D1) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0.000 1.000 -640 464 label +(D2) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0.000 1.000 -640 192 label +(R) {/Times-Roman cf} 2 16 0.000 1.000 -368 336 label +pgsave restore showpage + +%%Trailer +XCIRCsave restore +%%EOF diff --git a/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.svg b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.svg new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2058a5dc --- /dev/null +++ b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_ondacompleta.svg @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ + + +XCircuit Version 3.9 +File "rectificador_ondacompleta" Page 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +D1 + + +D2 + + +R + + + diff --git a/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_4.md b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_4.md index eea9be27..29f08fde 100644 --- a/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_4.md +++ b/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/URE_4.md @@ -46,6 +46,10 @@ Pueden ser de [media onda](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectificador_de_monof%C | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Tensi%C3%B3n_sinusoidal.png) | ![](https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/es.telecomlobby.com/radio_aficion/PCB/rectificador_mediaonda.png) | ![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Tensi%C3%B3n_rectificada_media_onda.png) | | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------ | +El rectificador de media onda está constituido por un único diodo entre la fuente de alimentación alterna y la carga y solo alcanza la salida una mitad de la forma de onda de la entrada; esta mitad puede ser la positiva o la negativa dependiendo del sentido en que se conecte el diodo. La forma de onda de la corriente rectificada de salida es la de una corriente continua pulsante con una frecuencia de pulso igual a la de la `CA` de alimentación. + +Durante el primer semiciclo o semiperiodo postivo la polaridad del ánodo es positiva y el diodo `D` se comporta como un circuito abierto. (polarización inversa), la corriente entonces es cero pues el circuito abierto no permitirá que fluya la corriente y no aparece tensión en la resistencia de carga `R`. + ## Bibliografía