2022-02-03 13:07:36 -05:00
<!doctype html>
< html >
< head >
< meta charset = 'UTF-8' > < meta name = 'viewport' content = 'width=device-width initial-scale=1' >
< link href = 'https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext' rel = 'stylesheet' type = 'text/css' / > < style type = 'text/css' > h t m l { o v e r f l o w - x : i n i t i a l ! i m p o r t a n t ; } : r o o t { - - b g - c o l o r : # f f f f f f ; - - t e x t - c o l o r : # 3 3 3 3 3 3 ; - - s e l e c t - t e x t - b g - c o l o r : # B 5 D 6 F C ; - - s e l e c t - t e x t - f o n t - c o l o r : a u t o ; - - m o n o s p a c e : " L u c i d a C o n s o l e " , C o n s o l a s , " C o u r i e r " , m o n o s p a c e ; - - t i t l e - b a r - h e i g h t : 2 0 p x ; }
.mac-os-11 { --title-bar-height:28px; }
html { font-size: 14px; background-color: var(--bg-color); color: var(--text-color); font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto; inset: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.42857; overflow-x: hidden; background: inherit; tab-size: 4; }
iframe { margin: auto; }
a.url { word-break: break-all; }
a:active, a:hover { outline: 0px; }
.in-text-selection, ::selection { text-shadow: none; background: var(--select-text-bg-color); color: var(--select-text-font-color); }
#write { margin: 0px auto; height: auto; width: inherit; word-break: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; position: relative; white-space: normal; overflow-x: visible; padding-top: 36px; }
#write.first-line-indent p { text-indent: 2em; }
#write.first-line-indent li p, #write.first-line-indent p * { text-indent: 0px; }
#write.first-line-indent li { margin-left: 2em; }
.for-image #write { padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; }
body.typora-export { padding-left: 30px; padding-right: 30px; }
.typora-export .footnote-line, .typora-export li, .typora-export p { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.typora-export .task-list-item input { pointer-events: none; }
@media screen and (max-width: 500px) {
body.typora-export { padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; }
#write { padding-left: 20px; padding-right: 20px; }
.CodeMirror-sizer { margin-left: 0px !important; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { display: none !important; }
}
#write li > figure:last-child { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
#write ol, #write ul { position: relative; }
img { max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; image-orientation: from-image; }
button, input, select, textarea { color: inherit; font: inherit; }
input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"] { line-height: normal; padding: 0px; }
*, ::after, ::before { box-sizing: border-box; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p, #write pre { width: inherit; }
#write h1, #write h2, #write h3, #write h4, #write h5, #write h6, #write p { position: relative; }
p { line-height: inherit; }
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { break-after: avoid-page; break-inside: avoid; orphans: 4; }
p { orphans: 4; }
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.8rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.6rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.4rem; }
h5 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h6 { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-math-block, .md-rawblock, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p { margin-top: 1rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.hidden { display: none; }
.md-blockmeta { color: rgb(204, 204, 204); font-weight: 700; font-style: italic; }
a { cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote { padding: 2px 4px; background-color: rgba(238, 238, 238, 0.7); color: rgb(85, 85, 85); border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; }
sup.md-footnote a, sup.md-footnote a:hover { color: inherit; text-transform: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; }
#write input[type="checkbox"] { cursor: pointer; width: inherit; height: inherit; }
figure { overflow-x: auto; margin: 1.2em 0px; max-width: calc(100% + 16px); padding: 0px; }
figure > table { margin: 0px; }
tr { break-inside: avoid; break-after: auto; }
thead { display: table-header-group; }
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; width: 100%; overflow: auto; break-inside: auto; text-align: left; }
table.md-table td { min-width: 32px; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { border-right: 0px; background-color: inherit; }
.CodeMirror-linenumber { user-select: none; }
.CodeMirror { text-align: left; }
.CodeMirror-placeholder { opacity: 0.3; }
.CodeMirror pre { padding: 0px 4px; }
.CodeMirror-lines { padding: 0px; }
div.hr:focus { cursor: none; }
#write pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping pre { white-space: pre; }
#write pre.ty-contain-cm { white-space: normal; }
.CodeMirror-gutters { margin-right: 4px; }
.md-fences { font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; overflow: visible; white-space: pre; background: inherit; position: relative !important; }
.md-fences-adv-panel { width: 100%; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 8px; overflow-x: auto; }
#write .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.md-fences.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 0px; }
#write.fences-no-line-wrapping .md-fences.mock-cm { white-space: pre; overflow-x: auto; }
.md-fences.mock-cm.md-fences-with-lineno { padding-left: 8px; }
.CodeMirror-line, twitterwidget { break-inside: avoid; }
.footnotes { opacity: 0.8; font-size: 0.9rem; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }
.footnotes + .footnotes { margin-top: 0px; }
.md-reset { margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: top; background: 0px 0px; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; float: none; position: static; width: auto; height: auto; white-space: nowrap; cursor: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; line-height: normal; font-weight: 400; text-align: left; box-sizing: content-box; direction: ltr; }
li div { padding-top: 0px; }
blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li .mathjax-block, li p { margin: 0.5rem 0px; }
li blockquote { margin: 1rem 0px; }
li { margin: 0px; position: relative; }
blockquote > :last-child { margin-bottom: 0px; }
blockquote > :first-child, li > :first-child { margin-top: 0px; }
.footnotes-area { color: rgb(136, 136, 136); margin-top: 0.714rem; padding-bottom: 0.143rem; white-space: normal; }
#write .footnote-line { white-space: pre-wrap; }
@media print {
body, html { border: 1px solid transparent; height: 99%; break-after: avoid; break-before: avoid; font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; }
#write { margin-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px; border-color: transparent !important; }
.typora-export * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; }
.typora-export #write { break-after: avoid; }
.typora-export #write::after { height: 0px; }
.is-mac table { break-inside: avoid; }
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
}
.footnote-line { margin-top: 0.714em; font-size: 0.7em; }
a img, img a { cursor: pointer; }
pre.md-meta-block { font-size: 0.8rem; min-height: 0.8rem; white-space: pre-wrap; background: rgb(204, 204, 204); display: block; overflow-x: hidden; }
p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img, p > img:only-child { display: block; margin: auto; }
#write.first-line-indent p > .md-image:only-child:not(.md-img-error) img { left: -2em; position: relative; }
p > .md-image:only-child { display: inline-block; width: 100%; }
#write .MathJax_Display { margin: 0.8em 0px 0px; }
.md-math-block { width: 100%; }
.md-math-block:not(:empty)::after { display: none; }
.MathJax_ref { fill: currentcolor; }
[contenteditable="true"]:active, [contenteditable="true"]:focus, [contenteditable="false"]:active, [contenteditable="false"]:focus { outline: 0px; box-shadow: none; }
.md-task-list-item { position: relative; list-style-type: none; }
.task-list-item.md-task-list-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.md-task-list-item > input { position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin-left: -1.2em; margin-top: calc(1em - 10px); border: none; }
.math { font-size: 1rem; }
.md-toc { min-height: 3.58rem; position: relative; font-size: 0.9rem; border-radius: 10px; }
.md-toc-content { position: relative; margin-left: 0px; }
.md-toc-content::after, .md-toc::after { display: none; }
.md-toc-item { display: block; color: rgb(65, 131, 196); }
.md-toc-item a { text-decoration: none; }
.md-toc-inner:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.md-toc-inner { display: inline-block; cursor: pointer; }
.md-toc-h1 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 0px; font-weight: 700; }
.md-toc-h2 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 2em; }
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 4em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 10em; }
@media screen and (max-width: 48em) {
.md-toc-h3 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 3.5em; }
.md-toc-h4 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 5em; }
.md-toc-h5 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 6.5em; }
.md-toc-h6 .md-toc-inner { margin-left: 8em; }
}
a.md-toc-inner { font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; }
.footnote-line a:not(.reversefootnote) { color: inherit; }
.md-attr { display: none; }
.md-fn-count::after { content: "."; }
code, pre, samp, tt { font-family: var(--monospace); }
kbd { margin: 0px 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.6em; font-size: 0.8em; color: rgb(36, 39, 41); background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(173, 179, 185); border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: rgba(12, 13, 14, 0.2) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px 2px inset; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: middle; }
.md-comment { color: rgb(162, 127, 3); opacity: 0.6; font-family: var(--monospace); }
code { text-align: left; vertical-align: initial; }
a.md-print-anchor { white-space: pre !important; border-width: initial !important; border-style: none !important; border-color: initial !important; display: inline-block !important; position: absolute !important; width: 1px !important; right: 0px !important; outline: 0px !important; background: 0px 0px !important; text-decoration: initial !important; text-shadow: initial !important; }
.os-windows.monocolor-emoji .md-emoji { font-family: "Segoe UI Symbol", sans-serif; }
.md-diagram-panel > svg { max-width: 100%; }
[lang="flow"] svg, [lang="mermaid"] svg { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
[lang="mermaid"] .node text { font-size: 1rem; }
table tr th { border-bottom: 0px; }
video { max-width: 100%; display: block; margin: 0px auto; }
iframe { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; border: none; }
.highlight td, .highlight tr { border: 0px; }
mark { background: rgb(255, 255, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
.md-html-inline .md-plain, .md-html-inline strong, mark .md-inline-math, mark strong { color: inherit; }
.md-expand mark .md-meta { opacity: 0.3 !important; }
mark .md-meta { color: rgb(0, 0, 0); }
@media print {
.typora-export h1, .typora-export h2, .typora-export h3, .typora-export h4, .typora-export h5, .typora-export h6 { break-inside: avoid; }
}
.md-diagram-panel .messageText { stroke: none !important; }
.md-diagram-panel .start-state { fill: var(--node-fill); }
.md-diagram-panel .edgeLabel rect { opacity: 1 !important; }
.md-fences.md-fences-math { font-size: 1em; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { padding: 0px; white-space: nowrap; border: 0px; }
.md-fences-advanced:not(.md-focus) { background: inherit; }
.typora-export-show-outline .typora-export-content { max-width: 1440px; margin: auto; display: flex; flex-direction: row; }
.typora-export-sidebar { width: 300px; font-size: 0.8rem; margin-top: 80px; margin-right: 18px; }
.typora-export-show-outline #write { --webkit-flex:2; flex: 2 1 0%; }
.typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { position: fixed; top: 0px; max-height: 100%; overflow: hidden auto; padding-bottom: 30px; padding-top: 60px; width: 300px; }
@media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {
.typora-export-sidebar, .typora-export-sidebar .outline-content { width: 240px; }
}
@media screen and (max-width: 800px) {
.typora-export-sidebar { display: none; }
}
.outline-content li, .outline-content ul { margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; list-style: none; }
.outline-content ul { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; }
.outline-content strong { font-weight: 400; }
.outline-expander { width: 1rem; height: 1.42857rem; position: relative; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; cursor: pointer; padding-left: 4px; }
.outline-expander::before { content: ""; position: relative; font-family: Ionicons; display: inline-block; font-size: 8px; vertical-align: middle; }
.outline-item { padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; cursor: pointer; }
.outline-expander:hover::before { content: ""; }
.outline-h1 > .outline-item { padding-left: 0px; }
.outline-h2 > .outline-item { padding-left: 1em; }
.outline-h3 > .outline-item { padding-left: 2em; }
.outline-h4 > .outline-item { padding-left: 3em; }
.outline-h5 > .outline-item { padding-left: 4em; }
.outline-h6 > .outline-item { padding-left: 5em; }
.outline-label { cursor: pointer; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; }
.outline-label:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.outline-item:hover { border-color: rgb(245, 245, 245); background-color: var(--item-hover-bg-color); }
.outline-item:hover { margin-left: -28px; margin-right: -28px; border-left: 28px solid transparent; border-right: 28px solid transparent; }
.outline-item-single .outline-expander::before, .outline-item-single .outline-expander:hover::before { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: ""; }
.outline-children { display: none; }
.info-panel-tab-wrapper { display: none; }
.outline-item-open > .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export .outline-item { padding-top: 1px; padding-bottom: 1px; }
.typora-export .outline-item:hover { margin-right: -8px; border-right: 8px solid transparent; }
.typora-export .outline-expander::before { content: "+"; font-family: inherit; top: -1px; }
.typora-export .outline-expander:hover::before, .typora-export .outline-item-open > .outline-item > .outline-expander::before { content: "−
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: none; }
.typora-export-collapse-outline .outline-item-open > .outline-children, .typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-children { display: block; }
.typora-export-no-collapse-outline .outline-expander::before { content: "" !important; }
.typora-export-show-outline .outline-item-active > .outline-item .outline-label { font-weight: 700; }
.md-inline-math-container mjx-container { zoom: 0.95; }
:root {
--side-bar-bg-color: #fafafa;
--control-text-color: #777;
}
@include-when-export url(https://fonts.loli.net/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,700,400&subset=latin,latin-ext);
/* open-sans-regular - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-italic - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-700 - latin-ext_latin */
/* open-sans-700italic - latin-ext_latin */
html {
font-size: 16px;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
body {
font-family: "Open Sans","Clear Sans", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, 'Segoe UI Emoji', sans-serif;
color: rgb(51, 51, 51);
line-height: 1.6;
}
#write {
max-width: 860px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 30px;
padding-bottom: 100px;
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1400px) {
#write {
max-width: 1024px;
}
}
@media only screen and (min-width: 1800px) {
#write {
max-width: 1200px;
}
}
#write > ul:first-child,
#write > ol:first-child{
margin-top: 30px;
}
a {
color: #4183C4;
}
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
h5,
h6 {
position: relative;
margin-top: 1rem;
margin-bottom: 1rem;
font-weight: bold;
line-height: 1.4;
cursor: text;
}
h1:hover a.anchor,
h2:hover a.anchor,
h3:hover a.anchor,
h4:hover a.anchor,
h5:hover a.anchor,
h6:hover a.anchor {
text-decoration: none;
}
h1 tt,
h1 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h2 tt,
h2 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h3 tt,
h3 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h4 tt,
h4 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h5 tt,
h5 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h6 tt,
h6 code {
font-size: inherit;
}
h1 {
font-size: 2.25em;
line-height: 1.2;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
h2 {
font-size: 1.75em;
line-height: 1.225;
border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
}
/*@media print {
.typora-export h1,
.typora-export h2 {
border-bottom: none;
padding-bottom: initial;
}
.typora-export h1::after,
.typora-export h2::after {
content: "";
display: block;
height: 100px;
margin-top: -96px;
border-top: 1px solid #eee;
}
}*/
h3 {
font-size: 1.5em;
line-height: 1.43;
}
h4 {
font-size: 1.25em;
}
h5 {
font-size: 1em;
}
h6 {
font-size: 1em;
color: #777;
}
p,
blockquote,
ul,
ol,
dl,
table{
margin: 0.8em 0;
}
li>ol,
li>ul {
margin: 0 0;
}
hr {
height: 2px;
padding: 0;
margin: 16px 0;
background-color: #e7e7e7;
border: 0 none;
overflow: hidden;
box-sizing: content-box;
}
li p.first {
display: inline-block;
}
ul,
ol {
padding-left: 30px;
}
ul:first-child,
ol:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
ul:last-child,
ol:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dfe2e5;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777;
}
blockquote blockquote {
padding-right: 0;
}
table {
padding: 0;
word-break: initial;
}
table tr {
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
table tr:nth-child(2n),
thead {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
table th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
border-bottom: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px;
}
table td {
border: 1px solid #dfe2e5;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px;
}
table th:first-child,
table td:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
}
table th:last-child,
table td:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0;
}
.CodeMirror-lines {
padding-left: 4px;
}
.code-tooltip {
box-shadow: 0 1px 1px 0 rgba(0,28,36,.3);
border-top: 1px solid #eef2f2;
}
.md-fences,
code,
tt {
border: 1px solid #e7eaed;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 0;
padding: 2px 4px 0px 4px;
font-size: 0.9em;
}
code {
background-color: #f3f4f4;
padding: 0 2px 0 2px;
}
.md-fences {
margin-bottom: 15px;
margin-top: 15px;
padding-top: 8px;
padding-bottom: 6px;
}
.md-task-list-item > input {
margin-left: -1.3em;
}
@media print {
html {
font-size: 13px;
}
table,
pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}
.md-fences {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#write pre.md-meta-block {
padding: 1rem;
font-size: 85%;
line-height: 1.45;
background-color: #f7f7f7;
border: 0;
border-radius: 3px;
color: #777777;
margin-top: 0 !important;
}
.mathjax-block>.code-tooltip {
bottom: .375rem;
}
.md-mathjax-midline {
background: #fafafa;
}
#write>h3.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .375rem;
}
#write>h4.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h5.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
#write>h6.md-focus:before{
left: -1.5625rem;
top: .285714286rem;
}
.md-image>.md-meta {
/*border: 1px solid #ddd;*/
border-radius: 3px;
padding: 2px 0px 0px 4px;
font-size: 0.9em;
color: inherit;
}
.md-tag {
color: #a7a7a7;
opacity: 1;
}
.md-toc {
margin-top:20px;
padding-bottom:20px;
}
.sidebar-tabs {
border-bottom: none;
}
#typora-quick-open {
border: 1px solid #ddd;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
}
#typora-quick-open-item {
background-color: #FAFAFA;
border-color: #FEFEFE #e5e5e5 #e5e5e5 #eee;
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px;
}
/** focus mode */
.on-focus-mode blockquote {
border-left-color: rgba(85, 85, 85, 0.12);
}
header, .context-menu, .megamenu-content, footer{
font-family: "Segoe UI", "Arial", sans-serif;
}
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-icon,
.file-node-content:hover .file-node-open-state{
visibility: visible;
}
.mac-seamless-mode #typora-sidebar {
background-color: #fafafa;
background-color: var(--side-bar-bg-color);
}
.md-lang {
color: #b4654d;
}
/*.html-for-mac {
--item-hover-bg-color: #E6F0FE;
}*/
#md-notification .btn {
border: 0;
}
.dropdown-menu .divider {
border-color: #e5e5e5;
opacity: 0.4;
}
.ty-preferences .window-content {
background-color: #fafafa;
}
.ty-preferences .nav-group-item.active {
color: white;
background: #999;
}
.menu-item-container a.menu-style-btn {
background-color: #f5f8fa;
background-image: linear-gradient( 180deg , hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.8), hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0));
}
2022-02-05 19:58:18 -05:00
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] {
direction: ltr;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg {
overflow: visible;
min-height: 1px;
min-width: 1px;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] > svg a {
fill: blue;
stroke: blue;
}
mjx-assistive-mml {
position: absolute !important;
top: 0px;
left: 0px;
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
padding: 1px 0px 0px 0px !important;
border: 0px !important;
display: block !important;
width: auto !important;
overflow: hidden !important;
-webkit-touch-callout: none;
-webkit-user-select: none;
-khtml-user-select: none;
-moz-user-select: none;
-ms-user-select: none;
user-select: none;
}
mjx-assistive-mml[display="block"] {
width: 100% !important;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"] {
display: block;
text-align: center;
margin: 1em 0;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][display="true"][width="full"] {
display: flex;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="left"] {
text-align: left;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"][justify="right"] {
text-align: right;
}
g[data-mml-node="merror"] > g {
fill: red;
stroke: red;
}
g[data-mml-node="merror"] > rect[data-background] {
fill: yellow;
stroke: none;
}
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > line[data-line], svg[data-table] > g > line[data-line] {
stroke-width: 70px;
fill: none;
}
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > rect[data-frame], svg[data-table] > g > rect[data-frame] {
stroke-width: 70px;
fill: none;
}
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dashed, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dashed {
stroke-dasharray: 140;
}
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > .mjx-dotted, svg[data-table] > g > .mjx-dotted {
stroke-linecap: round;
stroke-dasharray: 0,140;
}
g[data-mml-node="mtable"] > g > svg {
overflow: visible;
}
[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool {
display: inline-block;
position: relative;
width: 0;
height: 0;
}
[jax="SVG"] mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
}
mjx-tool > mjx-tip {
display: inline-block;
padding: .2em;
border: 1px solid #888;
font-size: 70%;
background-color: #F8F8F8;
color: black;
box-shadow: 2px 2px 5px #AAAAAA;
}
g[data-mml-node="maction"][data-toggle] {
cursor: pointer;
}
mjx-status {
display: block;
position: fixed;
left: 1em;
bottom: 1em;
min-width: 25%;
padding: .2em .4em;
border: 1px solid #888;
font-size: 90%;
background-color: #F8F8F8;
color: black;
}
foreignObject[data-mjx-xml] {
font-family: initial;
line-height: normal;
overflow: visible;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] path[data-c], mjx-container[jax="SVG"] use[data-c] {
stroke-width: 3;
}
g[data-mml-node="xypic"] path {
stroke-width: inherit;
}
.MathJax g[data-mml-node="xypic"] path {
stroke-width: inherit;
}
mjx-container[jax="SVG"] path[data-c], mjx-container[jax="SVG"] use[data-c] {
stroke-width: 0;
}
2022-02-03 13:07:36 -05:00
< / style > < title > URE_3< / title >
< / head >
< body class = 'typora-export' > < div class = 'typora-export-content' >
2022-02-06 09:16:42 -05:00
< div id = 'write' class = '' > < h1 id = 'componentes-activos-semiconductores-y-válvulas' > < span > Componentes activos: semiconductores y válvulas< / span > < / h1 > < h4 id = '31-esquemas-y-símbolos-en-electrónica' > < span > 3.1 Esquemas y símbolos en electrónica.< / span > < / h4 > < p > < img src = "https://github.com/redeltaglio/RNMnetwork/raw/master/Images/simbolos.jpg" referrerpolicy = "no-referrer" > < / p > < p > < span > Un esquema de un circuito electrónico está compuesto por un grupo de símbolos unidos por líneas que nos está indicando los componentes que lo integran y su funcionamiento.< / span > < / p > < p > < span > Algunos símbolos van acompañados de una nomenclatura que nos indica las características del elemento representado como por ejemplo junto a un condensador pueden aparecer unos caracteres que indican su valor.< / span > < / p > < h4 id = '32-semiconductores' > < span > 3.2 Semiconductores< / span > < / h4 > < p > < img src = "https://i2.wp.com/codigoespagueti.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/silicio-en-los-chips-1.jpg?resize=1280%2C720&quality=80&ssl=1" referrerpolicy = "no-referrer" > < / p > < p > < span > Los < / span > < a href = 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor' > < span > semiconductores< / span > < / a > < span > son substancias que tienen una conductividad intermedia entre los altos valores de los metales y los bajos de los aislantes.< / span > < / p > < p > < span > Los cristales de < / span > < a href = 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanio' > < span > germanio< / span > < / a > < span > o < / span > < a href = 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicio' > < span > silicio< / span > < / a > < span > puros pueden considerarse como buenas aisladores porque carecen de electrones libres pero añadiéndoles impurezas pueden variar sus propiedades iniciales. Su mecanismo de conducción es distinto de los conductores metálicos; la impurezas la forman elementos con distintos número de electrones que ellos: si tienen más electrones que los semiconductores se les llama donantes y si tienen menos aceptantes (tienen «huecos» que se comportan como si tuvieran una carga eléctrica positiva y de igual magnitud que la de un electrón). Los electrones y los «huecos» se mueven en un campo eléctrico con una velocidad que es proporcional a la intensidad de dicho campo, los «huecos» se mueven en dirección opuesta a los electrones y con una velocidad que es la mitad de estos.< / span > < / p > < p > < img src = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/N-Type_Semiconductor_Bands.svg" referrerpolicy = "no-referrer" > < / p > < p > < span > Si por ejemplo combinamos germanio con un donante queda polarizado negativamente: así tenemos un semiconductor tipo < / span > < code > N< / code > < span > (negativo). Si la impureza es un aceptante el germanio queda polarizado positivamente convirtiéndose en un semiconductor tipo < / span > < code > P< / code > < span > .< / span > < / p > < h4 id = '33-diodos' > < span > 3.3 Diodos.< / span > < / h4 > < p > < img src = "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Diode-closeup.jpg" referrerpolicy = "no-referrer" > < / p > < p > < span > Un < / span > < a href = 'https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodo' > < span > diodo< / span > < / a > < span > es un dispositivo que bajo determinadas circunstancias permite le paso de la corriente eléctrica en una única dirección.< / span > < / p > < p > < span > Son uniones de dos materiales semiconductores < / span > < code > P< / code > < span > y < / span > < code > N< / code > < span > por lo que reciben la denominación de < / span > < u > < span > unión pn< / span > < / u > < span > .< / span > < / p > < p > < span > Ninguno de los dos cristales por separado tiene carga eléctrica, ya que en cada cristal, el número de electrones y cargas positivas es el mismo, de lo que podemos decir que los dos cristales son neutros. Al unir ambos hay una difusión de electrones de < / span > < code > N< / code > < span > a < / span > < code > P< / code > < span > y aparece una barrera de separación neutra. Al establecerse estas corrientes aparecen cargas fijas en una zona a ambos lados de la unión, zona que recibe diferentes denominaciones como zona de carga espacial, de agotamiento, de deplexión.< / span > < / p > < p > < span > A medida que progresa el proceso de difusión, la zona de carga espacial va incrementando su anchura profundizando en los cristales a ambos lados de la unión. La acumulaci
2022-02-03 13:07:36 -05:00
< / body >
< / html >
