mirror of
https://github.com/Qubes-Community/Contents.git
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Move core docs back to core section; clean up titles
Requested by: https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-doc/pull/823#issuecomment-497306277
This commit is contained in:
Andrew David Wong
parent
f3cc791460
commit
7232f679b5
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---
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layout: doc
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title: GUI Configuration and Troubleshooting
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permalink: /doc/gui-configuration/
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---
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GUI Configuration and Troubleshooting
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=====================================
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Video RAM adjustment for high-resolution displays
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-------------------------------------------------
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**Problem:** You have a 4K external display, and when you connect it, you can't click on anything but a small area in the upper-right corner.
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When a qube starts, a fixed amount of RAM is allocated to the graphics buffer called video RAM.
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This buffer needs to be at least as big as the whole desktop, accounting for all displays that are or will be connected to the machine.
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By default, it is as much as needed for the current display and an additional full HD (FHD) display (1920×1080 8 bit/channel RGBA).
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This logic fails when the machine has primary display in FHD resolution and, after starting some qubes, a 4K display is connected.
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The buffer is too small, and internal desktop resize fails.
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**Solution:** Increase the minimum size of the video RAM buffer.
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```sh
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qvm-features dom0 gui-videoram-min $(($WIDTH * $HEIGHT * 4 / 1024))
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qvm-features dom0 gui-videoram-overhead 0
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```
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Where `$WIDTH`×`$HEIGHT` is the maximum desktop size that you anticipate needing.
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For example, if you expect to use a 1080p display and a 4k display side-by-side, that is `(1920 + 3840) × 2160 × 4 / 1024 = 48600`, or slightly more than 48 MiB per qube.
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After making these adjustments, the qubes need to be restarted.
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The amount of memory allocated per qube is the maximum of:
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- `gui-videoram-min`
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- current display + `gui-videoram-overhead`
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Default overhead is about 8 MiB, which is enough for a 1080p display (see above).
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So, the `gui-videoram-overhead` zeroing is not strictly necessary; it only avoids allocating memory that will not be used.
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@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
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---
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layout: doc
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title: Resize Disk Image
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permalink: /doc/resize-disk-image/
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redirect_from:
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- /en/doc/resize-disk-image/
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- /en/doc/resize-root-disk-image/
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- /doc/ResizeDiskImage/
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- /doc/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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- /wiki/ResizeDiskImage/
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- /wiki/ResizeRootDiskImage/
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---
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Resize Disk Image
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-----------------
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There are several disk images which can be easily extended, but pay attention to the overall consumed space of your sparse/thin disk images.
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In most cases, the GUI tool Qube Settings (available for every qube from the Start menu, and also in the Qube Manager) will allow you to easily increase maximum disk image size.
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In case of standalone qubes and templates, just change the Disk Storage settings above.
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In case of template-based qubes, the private storage (the /home directory and user files) can be changed in the qube's own settings, but the system root image is [inherited from the template](/getting-started/#appvms-qubes-and-templatevms), and so it must be changed in the template settings.
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If you are increasing the disk image size for Linux-based qubes installed from Qubes OS repositories in Qubes 4.0 or later, changing the settings above is all you need to do - in other cases, you may need to do more, according to instructions below.
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See also the OS-specific follow-up instructions below.
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### Resize disk image
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Use either GUI tool Qube Settings (`qubes-vm-settings`) or the CLI tool `qvm-volume`.
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Maximum size which can be assigned through Qube Settings is 1048576 MiB - if you need more, use `qvm-volume`:
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~~~
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:root <size>
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~~~
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OR
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~~~
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qvm-volume extend <vm_name>:private <size>
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~~~
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Note: Size is the target size (i.e. 4096MB or 16GB, ...), not the size to add to the existing disk.
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If you have run out of space for software in your Template, you need to increase *root image* of the Template (not private storage!).
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**Make sure changes in the Template between reboots don't exceed 10G.**
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It is recommended to restart (or start and then shutdown, if it is not running) the template after resizing the root image.
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If you are **not** using Linux in the qube, you will also need to:
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1. Start the template.
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2. Resize the filesystem using OS appropriate tools.
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3. Verify available space in the template using `df -h` or OS specific tools.
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4. Shutdown the template.
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#### Windows 7
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1. Click Start
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2. type "diskmgmt.msc" - this takes you to Disk Management
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3. Right-click on your existing volume, select "Extend Volume..."
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4. Click through the wizard.
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No reboot required.
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#### FreeBSD
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~~~
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gpart recover ada0
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sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10
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gpart resize -i index ada0
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zpool online -e poolname ada0
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~~~
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#### Linux
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Qubes will automatically grow the filesystem for you on all AppVMs with Qubes packages installed (which are all AppVMs installed from templates, cloned from templates etc. - if you have not created an empty HVM and installed a Linux distribution in it, without using Qubes repositories, you are almost certainly safe).
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Otherwise, you will see that there is unallocated free space at the end of your primary disk.
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You can use standard linux tools like `fdisk` and `resize2fs` to make this space available.
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@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
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---
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layout: doc
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title: Troubleshooting newer hardware
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permalink: /doc/newer-hardware-troubleshooting/
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---
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Troubleshooting newer hardware
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==============================
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By default, the kernel that is installed in dom0 comes from the `kernel` package, which is an older Linux LTS kernel.
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For most cases this works fine since the Linux kernel developers backport fixes to this kernel, but for some newer hardware, you may run into issues.
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For example, the audio might not work if the sound card is too new for the LTS kernel.
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To fix this, you can try the `kernel-latest` package - though be aware that it's less tested!
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In dom0:
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~~~
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sudo qubes-dom0-update kernel-latest
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~~~
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Reboot when it's done installing.
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You can double-check that the boot used the newer kernel with `uname -r`, which prints the version of the currently-running kernel.
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Compare this with the output of `rpm -q kernel`.
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If the start of `uname -r` matches one of the versions printed by `rpm`, then you're still using the Linux LTS kernel, and you'll probably need to manually fix your boot settings.
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If `uname -r` reports a higher version number, then you've successfully booted with the kernel shipped by `kernel-latest`.
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@ -1,237 +0,0 @@
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---
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layout: doc
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title: UEFI Troubleshooting
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permalink: /doc/uefi-troubleshooting/
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---
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Troubleshooting UEFI related problems
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========================================
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Change installer kernel parameters in UEFI
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---------------------
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If you've installed successfully in legacy mode but had to change some kernel parameters for it to work, you should try installing in UEFI mode with the same parameters.
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**Change the xen configuration on a USB media**
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01. Attach the usb disk, mount the EFI partition (second partition available on the disk)
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02. Edit your xen config (`xen.cfg/BOOTX64.cfg`) changing the `kernel` key to add your kernel parameters on the boot entry of your choice
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03. Install using your modified boot entry
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**Change xen configuration directly in an iso image**
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01. Get EFI partition boundaries `parted Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso unit B print`
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02. Using the start address and the size of the EFI partition, setup a loop device for it `sudo losetup -o 524288 --sizelimit 30562304 /dev/loop0 Qubes-R4.0-rc4-x86_64.iso`
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03. Mount the loop device `sudo mount /dev/loop0 /mnt`
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04. Edit `EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg` to add your params to the `kernel` configuration key
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05. Save your changes, unmount and dd to usb device
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Cannot start installation, installation completes successfully but then BIOS loops at boot device selection, hangs at four penguins after choosing "Test media and install Qubes OS" in GRUB menu
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---------------------
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There is some [common bug in UEFI implementation](http://xen.markmail.org/message/f6lx2ab4o2fch35r), affecting mostly Lenovo systems, but probably some others too. You can try existing workaround:
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01. In GRUB menu<sup id="a1-1">[1](#f1)</sup>, select "Troubleshoot", then "Boot from device", then press `e`.
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02. At the end of `chainloader` line add `/mapbs /noexitboot`.
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03. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.
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04. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
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05. Enable `/mapbs /noexitboot` on just installed system. This step differs between Qubes releases:
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**For Qubes 3.1:**
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06. Execute `mount | grep boot/efi` and note device name (first column). It should be something like `/dev/sda1`.
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07. Execute `efibootmgr -v`, search for `Qubes` entry and note its number (it should be something like `Boot0001` - `0001` is an entry number).
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08. Replace existing `Qubes` entry with modified one. Replace `XXXX` with entry number from previous step, `/dev/sda` with your disk name and `-p 1` with `/boot/efi` partition number):
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efibootmgr -b XXXX -B
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efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"
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09. Compare new entry with the old one (printed in step 6) - it should only differ in additional options at the end, and look probably something like this:
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Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,GPT,partition-guid-here,0x800,0x64000)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.
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If instead it looks like:
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Boot0001* Qubes HD(1,0,00000000...0,0x0,0x0)/File(\EFI\qubes\xen.efi)p.l.a.c.e.h.o.l.d.e.r. ./.m.a.p.b.s. ./.n.o.e.x.i.t.b.o.o.t.
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then try passing `/dev/sda1` or `/dev/nvme0n1p1` or whatever your EFI partition is instead of `/dev/sda` and `-p 1`.
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10. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.
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**For Qubes 3.2 or later:**
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11. Edit `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg` (you can use `vi` editor) and add to every kernel section:
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mapbs=1
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noexitboot=1
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**Note:** You must add these parameters on two separate new lines (one
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parameter on each line) at the end of each section that includes a kernel
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line (i.e., all sections except the first one, since it doesn't have a
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kernel line).
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12. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.
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System crash/restart when booting installer
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-------------------------------------------
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Some Dell systems and probably others have [another bug in UEFI firmware](http://markmail.org/message/amw5336otwhdxi76). And there is another workaround for it:
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1. In GRUB menu<sup id="a1-2">[1](#f1)</sup> press `e`.
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2. At the end of `chainloader` line add `-- efi=attr=uc`.
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3. Perform installation normally, but don't reboot the system at the end yet.
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4. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
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5. Execute:
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sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/qubes/xen.cfg
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or if you're installing 3.2 execute:
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sed -i -e 's/^options=.*/\0 efi=attr=uc/' /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg
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6. Now you can reboot the system by issuing `reboot` command.
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* * *
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<b name="f1">1</b> If you use rEFInd, you can see 3 options regarding the USB installer. Choose "Fallback Boot Loader" to enter the GRUB menu. [↩](#a1-1) [↩](#a1-2)
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Boot device not recognized after installing
|
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------------------------------------------
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Some firmware will not recognize the default Qubes EFI configuration. As such,
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it will have to be manually edited to be bootable. This will need to be done after
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every kernel and Xen update to ensure you use the most recently installed versions.
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1. Copy the `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/` directory to `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/`
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(the contents of `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT` should be identical to `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes`
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besides what is described in steps 2 and 3):
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cp -r /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/. /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
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2. Rename `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg` to `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg`:
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mv /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg
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3. Copy `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-*.efi` to `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.efi`
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and `/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi`. For example with Xen 4.8.3
|
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(you may need to confirm file overwrite):
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cp /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-4.8.3.efi /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.efi
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cp /boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen-4.8.3.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
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Installation finished but "Qubes" boot option is missing and xen.cfg is empty
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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In some cases installer fails to finish EFI setup and leave the system without
|
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Qubes-specific EFI configuration. In such a case you need to finish those parts
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manually. You can do that just after installation (switch to `tty2` with
|
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Ctrl-Alt-F2), or booting from installation media in "Rescue a Qubes system" mode.
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1. Examine `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes` (if using Qubes installation media, it's in `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes`). You should see 4 files there:
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- xen.cfg (empty, size 0)
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- xen-(xen-version).efi
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- vmlinuz-(kernel-version)
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- initramfs-(kernel-version).img
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2. Copy `xen-(xen-version).efi` to `xen.efi`:
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cd /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes
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cp xen-*.efi xen.efi
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3. Create xen.cfg with this content (adjust kernel version, and filesystem
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locations, below values are based on default installation of Qubes 3.2):
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[global]
|
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default=4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64
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[4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
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options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M
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kernel=vmlinuz-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/qubes_dom0-root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/root rd.lvm.lv=qubes_dom0/swap i915.preliminary_hw_support=1 rhgb quiet
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ramdisk=initramfs-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64.img
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4. Create boot entry in EFI firmware (replace `/dev/sda` with your disk name and `-p 1` with `/boot/efi` partition number):
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efibootmgr -v -c -u -L Qubes -l /EFI/qubes/xen.efi -d /dev/sda -p 1 "placeholder /mapbs /noexitboot"
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Installation freezes before getting to Anaconda (Qubes 4.0)
|
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-----------------------------------------------------------
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Some systems can freeze with the default UEFI install options.
|
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You can try the following to remove `noexitboot` and `mapbs`.
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If you have an Nvidia card, see also [Nvidia Troubleshooting](/doc/nvidia-troubleshooting/#disabling-nouveau).
|
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|
||||
1. Follow the [steps above](/doc/uefi-troubleshooting/#change-installer-kernel-parameters-in-uefi) to edit the `[qubes-verbose]` section of your installer's `xen.cfg`.
|
||||
You want to comment out the `mapbs` and `noexitboot` lines.
|
||||
The end result should look like this:
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[qubes-verbose]
|
||||
options=console=vga efi=attr=uc
|
||||
# noexitboot=1
|
||||
# mapbs=1
|
||||
kernel=vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=Qubes-R4.0-x86_64 i915.alpha_support=1
|
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ramdisk=initrd.img
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
2. Boot the installer and continue to install as normal, but don't reboot the system at the end when prompted.
|
||||
3. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
|
||||
4. Use your preferred text editor (`nano` works) to edit `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg`, verifying the `noexitboot` and `mapbs` lines are not present.
|
||||
This is also a good time to make permanent any other changes needed to get the installer to work, such as `nouveau.modeset=0`.
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[4.14.18-1.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
|
||||
options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M iommu=no-igfx ucode=scan efi=attr=uc
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
5. Go back to `tty6` (Ctrl-Alt-F6) and click `Reboot`.
|
||||
6. Continue with setting up default templates and logging in to Qubes.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Installation freezes before getting to Anaconda / disable EFI runtime services
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
On some early, buggy UEFI implementations, you may need to disable EFI under Qubes completely.
|
||||
This can sometimes be done by switching to legacy mode in your BIOS/UEFI configuration.
|
||||
If that's not an option there, or legacy mode does not work either, you can try the following to add `efi=no-rs`.
|
||||
|
||||
1. Follow the [steps above](/doc/uefi-troubleshooting/#change-installer-kernel-parameters-in-uefi) to edit the `[qubes-verbose]` section of your installer's `xen.cfg`.
|
||||
You want to modify the `efi=attr=uc` setting and comment out the `mapbs` and `noexitboot` lines.
|
||||
The end result should look like this:
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[qubes-verbose]
|
||||
options=console=vga efi=no-rs
|
||||
# noexitboot=1
|
||||
# mapbs=1
|
||||
kernel=vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:LABEL=Qubes-R4.0-x86_64 i915.alpha_support=1
|
||||
ramdisk=initrd.img
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
2. Boot the installer and continue to install as normal, until towards the end when you will receive a warning about being unable to create the EFI boot entry.
|
||||
Click continue, but don't reboot the system at the end when prompted.
|
||||
3. Go to `tty2` (Ctrl-Alt-F2).
|
||||
4. Use your preferred text editor (`nano` works) to edit `/mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg`, adding the `efi=no-rs` option to the end of the `options=` line.
|
||||
For example:
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
[4.14.18-1.pvops.qubes.x86_64]
|
||||
options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M iommu=no-igfx ucode=scan efi=no-rs
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
5. Execute the following commands:
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
cp -R /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/qubes /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT
|
||||
mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.efi /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
|
||||
mv /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/xen.cfg /mnt/sysimage/boot/efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.cfg
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
6. Go back to `tty6` (Ctrl-Alt-F6) and click `Reboot`.
|
||||
7. Continue with setting up default templates and logging in to Qubes.
|
||||
|
||||
Whenever there is a kernel or Xen update for Qubes, you will need to follow these [other steps above](/doc/uefi-troubleshooting/#boot-device-not-recognized-after-installing) because your system is using the fallback UEFI bootloader in `[...]/EFI/BOOT` instead of directly booting to the Qubes entry under `[...]/EFI/qubes`.
|
||||
|
||||
Accessing installer Rescue mode on UEFI
|
||||
---------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
In UEFI mode installer do not have boot menu, but starts directly the installation wizard. To get into Rescue mode, you need to switch to tty2 (Ctrl+Alt+F2) and then execute:
|
||||
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
pkill -9 anaconda
|
||||
anaconda --rescue
|
||||
~~~
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user