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Merge branch 'macbook-troubleshooting' of https://github.com/PROTechThor/qubes-doc into PROTechThor-macbook-troubleshooting
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troubleshooting/macbook-troubleshooting.md
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---
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layout: doc
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title: Apple MacBook Troubleshooting
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permalink: /doc/macbook-troubleshooting/
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---
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# Apple MacBook Troubleshooting
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## System freezes after attaching Broadcom BCM43602 Wi-Fi card
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You may experience system freezes or crashes after attaching a Broadcom Wi-Fi adapter to the sys-net VM. This issue has been reported to exist on both Qubes 3.2 and 4.0.
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### Qubes 3.2
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To fix this issue on Qubes 3.2:
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1. During VM setup, force a reboot and press `OPTION` key.
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2. You will reach the grub shell
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~~~
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configfile /EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
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~~~
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3. Press Fn+F10 to boot without XEN support.
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4. Once booted, press Fn+CTRL+ALT+F4 to open a shell.
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5. Log into the system
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~~~
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sudo su -
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systemctl disable qubes-netvm
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~~~
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6. Press Fn+F2 and complete the setup.
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7. Reboot Qubes.
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8. DO NOT launch the sys-net qube.
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Rather, open its setting and remove the Wi-Fi adapter from the Selected devices using the Qubes Manager.
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You can also remove it from the command line, if you know the BDF of the adapter.
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You can see the list of devices attached to sys-net and their associated BDFs by running:
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~~~
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qvm-pci -l sys-net
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~~~
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For a device with a BDF of `04:00.0`, you can remove it with:
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~~~
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qvm-pci -d sys-net 04:00.0
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~~~
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9. In a dom0 terminal, run:
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~~~
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sudo su -
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xl pci-assignable-list
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echo 04:00.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pciback/permissive
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qvm-start sys-net
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xl pci-attach sys-net DEVICE_BDF
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~~~
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Be sure to replace "DEVICE_BDF" with the actual BDF of the Wi-Fi adapter.
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After following the above steps, you should be able to launch sys-net with Wi-Fi access. These steps can be automated in a custom `systemd` service.
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### Qubes 4.0
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For Qubes 4.0, you may have to remove the wireless card from sys-net or replace it, as described in the [PCI Troubleshooting](/doc/pci-troubleshooting/#broadcom-bcm43602-wi-fi-card-causes-system-freeze) guide.
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It is a bit tricky to execute, but you may be able to successfully attach a Broadcom BCM43602 to sys-net by executing the `attach` command immediately after starting sys-net. Follow these steps:
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1. Disable "Start qube automatically on boot" for sys-net and sys-firewall in the Qubes Manager.
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2. Manually start sys-net using the `qvm-start sys-net` command.
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3. Immediately (About 2 seconds later) after stating sys-net, attach the device to sys-net using permissive mode:
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`sudo xl pci-attach sys-net 'DEVICE_BDF,permissive=1`
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Replace `DEVICE_BDF,` with the BDF of your wireless card. If you can immediately attach the device to sys-net while it is still starting up, it could work. If it is attached too late, the VM doesn't seem to detect it.
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You can use the following script to do the above steps quickly after each boot:
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~~~
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#!/bin/bash
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qvm-start sys-net &
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sleep 3
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sudo xl pci-attach sys-net '03:00.0,permissive=1'
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~~~
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## Broadcom BCM4360 doesn't work in a Fedora-based qube
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Several people have been unable use the Broadcom BCM4360 Wireless card on a Fedora-based qube. This issue appears to be [related to Fedora](https://ask.fedoraproject.org/t/cant-connect-to-wifi-after-update-bcm4360-with-broadcom-wl-driver/482?page=2), not Qubes.
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To get internet access in sys-net, try shutting down all your VMs, then changing sys-net to use the Debian 10 template. Finally, install the [broadcom-sta-dkms](https://pkgs.org/download/broadcom-sta-dkms) package.
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## Boot freezes at "Setting up networking"
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After installing Qubes 3.2 on a MacBook Air 13" mid-2011 (MacBookAir 4,2), it may freeze at "Setting up networking" during booting. This issue is caused by the Broadcom Wireless adapter, if you have one.
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To fix the problem, you need to [remove the Wi-Fi card from your Mac][bluetooth-replacement] or put the Wi-Fi adapter into PCI passthrough, as explained below:
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1. Run in a terminal:
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~~~
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# diskutil list
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(find your usb device)
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# bless –device /dev/diskX –legacy –setBoot –nextonly # bless the disk not the partition
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# reboot
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~~~
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2. Insert your Qubes 3.2 USB flash drive. The ISOLINUX boot screen should come up.
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Select Troubleshooting and Boot the Rescue image. Enter your disk password when
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prompted. Select continue and after mounting the HD filesystem and launching a
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shell, `chroot` as instructed.
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3. Find your Wi-Fi card:
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~~~
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# lspci
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...
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02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43224 802.11a/b/g/n (rev 01)
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~~~
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In the above example, the device has a BDF of `02:00.0`.
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To assign this device to the sys-net VM:
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~~~
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# qvm-pci -a sys-net 02:00.0
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~~~
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4. Create `/etc/systemd/system/qubes-pre-netvm.service` with:
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~~~
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[Unit]
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Description=Netvm fix for Broadcom
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Before=qubes-netvm.service
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[Service]
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ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'echo 02:00.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/pciback/permissive'
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Type=oneshot
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RemainAfterExit=yes
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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~~~
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5. To enable the `qubes-pre-netvm` services, run:
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~~~
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systemctl enable qubes-pre-netvm.service
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~~~
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6. After reboot, boot Mac OS X again by running in a terminal:
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~~~
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# diskutil list
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(find the HD device where you installed Qubes)
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# bless –device /dev/diskX –legacy –setBoot # bless the disk not the partition
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# reboot
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~~~
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## Can't boot the installer
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You can install Qubes 3.2 on a MacBook Pro Retina, 15 inch, Mid-2015 (MacBookPro 11,5) using BIOS or UEFI (If one method fails, try the other):
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* BIOS/CSM/Legacy
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* UEFI plain: Here, the grub menu appears, but any gives a quick flash and returns the main menu. Then, you can boot it manually and fix the `grub.cfg` file by adding the commands `linuexefi` and `initrdefi` and pointing to the proper files in `/efi/boot`. After boot, you may end up with no root file system.
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* UEFI, using rEFInd: This method may prove successful, but there are some issues to be fixed manually after the installation is complete.
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1. Download [rEFInd] refind-bin-0.10.4.zip. Note that this file is not signed, so decide if you trust it or not. The SHA1 sum is 3d69c23b7d338419e5559a93cd6ae3ec66323b1e
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2. Unzip it and run the installer, which installs rEFInd on the internal SSD
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3. If installation fails due to SIP, reboot in recovery mode, open a terminal and run the command:
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~~~
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csrutil disable
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~~~
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4. Reboot. You will see some icons.
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5. Choose Boot EFI\BOOT\xen.efi from ANACONDA. After a while, the graphical installer is up (keyboard and touchpad working)
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## Can't boot using GRUB2
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After installing Qubes 3.2 on a MacBook Mid-2015, you may be unable to boot using `EFI/qubes/xen.efi` because the [XEN bootloader configuration is broken](/doc/macbook-troubleshooting/#cant-boot-using-xen-bootloader).
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You can't also boot using GRUB2 without XEN support because the GRUB configuration is broken as well.
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To start fixing this issue manually, switch to the console by pressing Fn+CTRL+ALT+F2.
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It can be very useful – during troubleshooting – to have a rescue system at hand. It could help you boot Qubes, even without XEN support. This troubleshoot assumes you are performing a [UEFI boot, using rEFInd](/doc/macbook-troubleshooting/#cant-boot-the-installer).
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At this point, the GRUB configuration file is using some wrong commands, which are not compatible with grub2-efi
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~~~
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chroot /mnt/sysimage
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sed -i.bak -e "s/multiboot/chainloader/" -e "s/module.*--nounzip/initrdefi/" -e "s/module/linuxefi/" /etc/grub.d/20_linux_efi
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exit
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~~~
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Now, despite XEN configuration is still broken, you have a rescue system booting vmlinux from rEFInd screen.
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TBV1: chainloading XEN does not work, unless you specify the right disk prefix, eg: (hd1,gpt4)
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TBV2: grub.cfg set the wrong disk in "set root" command
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TBV3: in case you reach grub shell, you can
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~~~
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ls
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~~~
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and also reload config file and change it manually before booting
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~~~
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configfile /EFI/qubes/grub.cfg
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~~~
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Then press "e", edit `grub.cfg` and boot by pressing Fn+F10.
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## Can't boot using XEN bootloader
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You may be unable to boot Qubes 3.2 using `EFI/qubes/xen.efi` on a MacBook Mid-2015 because the XEN bootloader configuration is broken. This issue is accompanied by the GRUB2 configuration being broken as well. After [fixing the GRUB configuration](/doc/macbook-troubleshooting/#cant-boot-using-grub2), follow the following steps to fix the bootloader. This troubleshoot assumes you are performing a [UEFI boot, using rEFInd](/doc/macbook-troubleshooting/#cant-boot-the-installer).
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* Fix grub2 configuration, which uses wrong command for EFI boot
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* Analyzing `/mnt/sysimage/var/log/anaconda/program.log`, you may find the faulty commands issued by the Anaconda installer.
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~~~
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chrooot /mnt/sysimage
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~~~
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* Edit the `/boot/efi/EFI/qubes/xen.cfg` file to add the following content:
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~~~
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[global]
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default=4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x868_64
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[4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x868_64]
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options=loglvl=all dom0_mem=min:1024M dom0_mem=max:4096M
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kernel=vmlinuz-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64
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ramdisk=initramfs-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64.img
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~~~
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* The main mistake is that `efibootmgr` needs the right commands. Just in case, reapply all the commands, adapting them to your own disk layout (`-d /dev/sdxxx -p partition_number`)
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~~~
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grep Running /mnt/sysimage/var/log/anaconda/program.log | tail -n 20
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efibootmgr -b 0000 -B
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efibootmgr -c -w -L Qubes -d /dev/sda -p 4 -l \\EFI\\qubes\\xen-4.6.1.efi
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/usr/libexec/mactel-boot-setup
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kernel-install add 4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64 /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.14-11.pvops.qubes.x86_64
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systemctl disable qubes-netvm
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reboot
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~~~
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At the rEFInd screen, choose Boot EFI/qubes/xen-4.6.1.efi.
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Everything should now be ok, Qubes OS boots using EFI and you will get the last setup screen.
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Select "Qubes OS", do not change anything and click on "Done".
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VMs are created, including NetVM.
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## System freezes often for 20 seconds
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Using Qubes 3.2 on the MacBook Mid-2015 was reported to have frequent freezes, which lasts for 20 seconds. Upon looking at the `journalctl` output, you may see that pulseaudio locks the CPU for 20 seconds, very often.
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To fix this issue, kill audio support with this quick workaround:
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1. Open a dom0 terminal as root
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2. Edit `/etc/pulse/client.conf` and add `autospawn = no`
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3. As normal user, kill pulseaudio with the command `pulseaudio --kill`
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[bluetooth-replacement]: https://www.ifixit.com/Guide/MacBook+Air+13-Inch+Mid+2011+AirPort-Bluetooth+Card+Replacement/6360
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[rEFInd]: http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/getting.html
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