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@ -34,62 +34,62 @@ A helpful checklist / collection of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) tips and te
## URL
* **Descriptive URLs:** use a descriptive page url, which should reflect your targeted keyword
* **[Subdomain or subfolder](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MswMYk05tk):** subdomains are seen as separate domains
* **[Hyphens](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQcSFsQyct8):** split words using hyphens
* **[www or no-www](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/44231):** provide both domains, but set a prefered version in Google Webmaster Tools
* **[Localisation](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/62399):** choose a country-specific domain, for better local search results
* **[HTTPS](https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/08/https-as-ranking-signal.html):** Security is a top priority for Google
* **[URL builder](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1033867):** Use this tool to add custom campaign parameters to your URLs
* **[File extension](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dSG6C33GwsE)**: do not strip out the file extension on URLs
* **[HTTPS](https://webmasters.googleblog.com/2014/08/https-as-ranking-signal.html):** Security is a top priority for Google
* **[Hyphens](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQcSFsQyct8):** split words using hyphens
* **[Localisation](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/62399):** choose a country-specific domain, for better local search results
* **[Subdomain or subfolder](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_MswMYk05tk):** subdomains are seen as separate domains
* **[URL builder](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1033867):** Use this tool to add custom campaign parameters to your URLs
* **[www or no-www](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/44231):** provide both domains, but set a prefered version in Google Webmaster Tools
## Accessibility
* **403:** provide a 403 - Access denied page
* **404:** provide a 404 - Page not found page
* **[Custom Search](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/slsb-overview):** with Google Sitelink search box, people can reach your content more quickly
* **File not found:** avoid `404 FILE_NOT_FOUND` errors
* **Layout:** use `divs` instead of `tables` for layout. Using `tables` is not semantically correct.
* **Moving a website:** redirect all your links to the new location via `.htaccess`
* **[Pagination](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1663744):** implement the `rel="next"` and `rel="prev"` attributes to links
* **[Performance](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/mobile-sites/mobile-seo/common-mistakes/slow-mobile-pages):** performance and loading time is important
* **Redirects:** avoid redirects if possible. Use 301 redirect instead of 302
* **[RichSnippets](https://schema.org/):** markup your code with rich snippets, they show up on the search results page
* **Robots:** block pages which should not be indexed via the `robots.txt` file or
`<meta name="robots" content="">`
* **File not found:** avoid `404 FILE_NOT_FOUND` errors
* **Redirects:** avoid redirects if possible. Use 301 redirect instead of 302
* **[Pagination](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1663744):** implement the `rel="next"` and `rel="prev"` attributes to links
* **Moving a website:** redirect all your links to the new location via `.htaccess`
* **[Performance](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/mobile-sites/mobile-seo/common-mistakes/slow-mobile-pages):** performance and loading time is important
* **Validation:** write valid code ([HTML Validator](https://validator.w3.org/) [CSS Validator](https://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/))
* **[WAI-Aria](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/):** use WAI-Aria tags to help machines understand your code
* **[RichSnippets](https://schema.org/):** markup your code with rich snippets, they show up on the search results page
* **[Custom Search](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/slsb-overview):** with Google Sitelink search box, people can reach your content more quickly
* **Layout:** use `divs` instead of `tables` for layout. Using `tables` is not semantically correct.
## Meta Information
* **Title:** each page should have a unique speaking title (60 - 100 characters)
`<title>Website Title</title>`
* **[Description](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W4gr88oHb-k):** each page should have a unique description (max. 160 characters)
`<meta name="description" content="">`
* **Title:** each page should have a unique speaking title (60 - 100 characters)
`<title>Website Title</title>`
## Keywords
* **Single:** every page should have a single unique targeted keyword
* **Research:** rank for keywords with high traffic and less competition
* **[URL](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAWFv43qubI):** keyword should appear in URL name
* **Title:** keyword should appear in page title
* **Heading:** keyword should appear in headings
* **Content:** keyword should appear in ~3% of article length
* **Heading:** keyword should appear in headings
* **[Meta Tag](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jK7IPbnmvVU):** you can ommit the `<meta name="keywords" content="">`,
search engines do not use this meta tag
* **Research:** rank for keywords with high traffic and less competition
* **Single:** every page should have a single unique targeted keyword
* **Title:** keyword should appear in page title
* **[URL](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAWFv43qubI):** keyword should appear in URL name
## Content
* **Content:** content matters the most in SEO
* **Flash:** avoid Flash content and Flash pages. They are not accessible on mobile phones and will be ranked lower
* **Freshness:** new content is important. Updating pages or posting regularly is recommended
* **Headings:** clear structure `H1` -` H6` max. 70 characters long
* **Length:** article should be at least 300 words
* **Strong:** use `strong` tag to highlight your targeted keyword
* **[Uniqueness](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mQZY7EmjbMA):** do not provide duplicated content, use unique content types
* **Length:** article should be at least 300 words
* **Freshness:** new content is important. Updating pages or posting regularly is recommended
* **Flash:** avoid Flash content and Flash pages. They are not accessible on mobile phones and will be ranked lower
## Images
* **[File name](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2SWuUobbr0):** use a short descriptive name
* **[Alt tag](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/114016):** add an alt-tag this a description of the image (60 - 70 characters)
* **Dimensions:** add the `width=""` and `height=""` attributes to the image
* **[File name](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h2SWuUobbr0):** use a short descriptive name
* **[Optimization](https://imageoptim.com/):** Optimize images by removing some meta information
* **[Responsive Images](https://www.w3.org/TR/html-picture-element/):** serve the most optimized image corresponding to the window size
* **Size:** keep the filesize as low as possible
* **[Optimization](https://imageoptim.com/):** Optimize images by removing some meta information
## Videos
* **Controls:** add controls to playback and control your video
@ -98,41 +98,41 @@ search engines do not use this meta tag
* **[Unplayable content](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/mobile-sites/mobile-seo/common-mistakes/unplayable-content):** avoid unplayable video content. Use HTML5 `<video>` tag instead of Flash
## Links
* **Title:** add the title attribute to links
* **Backlinks:** only add external links if you got a backlink to your site
* **[nofollow](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/96569):** add `rel="nofollow"` attribute to external links only to prevent spam and bad links
* **Internal links:** add ~3 internal links to your content
* **[Languages](https://moz.com/learn/seo/hreflang-tag):** the hreflang tag tells Google which language you are using on a specific page, so the search engine can serve that result to users searching in that language
`<link rel="alternate" href="example.com/fr/" hreflang="fr-fr" />`
* **Naming:** use a descriptive link name: “Click here” or “Read more” are bad link text. Better “Read more about SEO and Web Accessibility”
* **[nofollow](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/96569):** add `rel="nofollow"` attribute to external links only to prevent spam and bad links
* **Title:** add the title attribute to links
## Mobile
* **[AppLinks](http://applinks.org/documentation/):** apps that link to your content can then use this metadata to deep-link into your app
* **[mobile friendly](https://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.be/2014/11/helping-users-find-mobile-friendly-pages.html):** mobile optimized sites are marked in search results. Test for [mobile friendly site](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/mobile-friendly/)
* **[Smart App Banner](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html):** Safari has a Smart App Banner feature that provides a standardized method of promoting apps on the App Store from a website
* **[Tap targets](https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/SizeTapTargetsAppropriately):** clickable links should not be too small
* **Viewport:** tell browsers how to adjust the page's dimensions and scaling to suit the device
`<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">`
* **[mobile friendly](https://googlewebmastercentral.blogspot.be/2014/11/helping-users-find-mobile-friendly-pages.html):** mobile optimized sites are marked in search results. Test for [mobile friendly site](https://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/mobile-friendly/)
* **[AppLinks](http://applinks.org/documentation/):** apps that link to your content can then use this metadata to deep-link into your app
* **[Tap targets](https://developers.google.com/speed/docs/insights/SizeTapTargetsAppropriately):** clickable links should not be too small
* **[Smart App Banner](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/AppleApplications/Reference/SafariWebContent/PromotingAppswithAppBanners/PromotingAppswithAppBanners.html):** Safari has a Smart App Banner feature that provides a standardized method of promoting apps on the App Store from a website
## Sitemap
* **[HTML sitemap](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi5DGOu1uA0):** an HTML sitemap allows site visitors to easily navigate a website
* **[XML sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/183668):** help search engines to index your pages
* **[Image sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/178636):** increase that your images can be found in Image Search results
* **[Video sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/80471):** make sure, search engines know about all the video content on your site
* **[Mobile sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/6082207):** for feature phones, you can create a mobile sitemap
* **[Video sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/80471):** make sure, search engines know about all the video content on your site
* **[XML sitemap](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/183668):** help search engines to index your pages
## Social Media
* **Social Shares:** provide sharing options for your site
* **[Social Profiles](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/structured-data/customize/social-profiles):** add social profiles to your Google search results
* **[OpenGraph](http://ogp.me/):** the Open Graph protocol enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.
* **[Facebook](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/best-practices):** sharing Best Practices for Websites & Mobile Apps
* **[Twitter](https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started):** with Twitter cards, you can attach photos, videos and media experience to you Tweets
* Authorship information
* **[Facebook](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/best-practices):** sharing Best Practices for Websites & Mobile Apps
* **[Google+ Authorship](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgFb6Y-UJUI):** add Google+ authorship information to your page
`<link rel="author" href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/[GOOGLE+ ID]">` or
`<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/[GOOGLE+ ID]" rel=author">Google+ Profile</a>` or
`<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/[GOOGLE+ ID]" rel=me">Google+ Profile</a>` or
`<a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/[GOOGLE+ ID]" rel=publisher">Google+ Profile</a>`
* **[OpenGraph](http://ogp.me/):** the Open Graph protocol enables any web page to become a rich object in a social graph.
* **[Social Profiles](https://developers.google.com/webmasters/structured-data/customize/social-profiles):** add social profiles to your Google search results
* **Social Shares:** provide sharing options for your site
* **[Twitter](https://dev.twitter.com/cards/getting-started):** with Twitter cards, you can attach photos, videos and media experience to you Tweets
## Tools & Services
@ -149,10 +149,10 @@ search engines do not use this meta tag
* **[Open Site Explorer](https://moz.com/researchtools/ose/):** use Open Site Explorer to identify link building opportunities. Research backlinks, identify top pages, view social activity, and analyze anchor text.
* **[Piwik](https://piwik.org/):** an open analytics platform
* **[SEMrush](https://www.semrush.com/):** SEMrush is a powerful and versatile competitive intelligence suite for online marketing, from SEO and PPC to social media and video advertising research.
* **[Seomator](https://seomator.com/):** SEO Audit Tool and website crawler for SEO performance improving with How-to-Fix tips.
* **[SEOstats](https://github.com/eyecatchup/SEOstats):** SEOstats is a powerful open source PHP library to request a bunch of SEO relevant metrics.
* **[SimilarWeb](https://www.similarweb.com/):** compare website traffic with SimilarWeb.com's advanced traffic estimator tool. See any website's traffic sources & uncover their online marketing strategies.
* **[Twitter Analytics](https://analytics.twitter.com/):** measure and boost your impact on Twitter.
* **[Seomator](https://seomator.com/):** SEO Audit Tool and website crawler for SEO performance improving with How-to-Fix tips.
### Optimization
* **[PageSpeed Insights](https://developers.google.com/speed/pagespeed/insights/):** Page Speed Insights measures the performance of a page for mobile devices and desktop devices.
@ -161,22 +161,22 @@ search engines do not use this meta tag
* **[WooRank](https://www.woorank.com/):** WooRank will help you to address issues on your site & identify opportunities to push you ahead of the competition.
### Keywords
* **[Keyword Planner](https://adwords.google.com/KeywordPlanner):** plan your Search Network campaigns and learn what your customers are looking for
* **[Google Trends](https://www.google.com/trends/):** explore Google trending search topics with Google Trends.
* **[Keyword Planner](https://adwords.google.com/KeywordPlanner):** plan your Search Network campaigns and learn what your customers are looking for
* **[Keyword Tool](http://keywordtool.io/):** best FREE alternative to Google Keyword Tool for SEO & PPC keyword research! Get 750+ relevant long-tail keywords from Google Suggest in seconds!
* **[Rankscanner](https://www.rankscanner.com/):** easily track your keyword positions (SERPs) on Google for free. Unlimited websites and 100 % ranking accuracy. The best SEO tool and SERP monitor online.
### Links
* **[OpenLinkProfiler](http://www.openlinkprofiler.org/):** get an in-depth analysis of the freshest live backlinks.
* **[Screaming Frog SEO Spider Tool & Crawler Software](https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/):** the Screaming Frog SEO Spider is a small desktop program (PC or Mac) which crawls websites links, images, CSS, script and apps from an SEO perspective.
* **[Search Engine Spider Simulator](http://tools.seochat.com/tools/search-spider-simulator):** this tool simulates a search engine by displaying the contents of a web page in exactly the way the search engine bot would see it when it crawls the page: See most prominent or inaccessible page elements.
* **[Screaming Frog SEO Spider Tool & Crawler Software](https://www.screamingfrog.co.uk/seo-spider/):** the Screaming Frog SEO Spider is a small desktop program (PC or Mac) which crawls websites links, images, CSS, script and apps from an SEO perspective.
### Structured Data
* **[Facebook Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug):** enter the URL you want to scrape to see how the page's markup appears to Facebook
* **[Google+ Snippet Creator](https://developers.google.com/+/web/snippet/):** customize the snippet that will be seen on social media when your page is shared
* **[Pinterest](https://developers.pinterest.com/rich_pins/validator/):** validate your Rich Pins and apply to get them on Pinterest
* **[Structured Data Testing Tool](https://developers.google.com/structured-data/testing-tool/):** paste in your rich snippets or url to test it
* **[Twitter card validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator):** enter the URL of the page with the meta tags to validate
* **[Facebook Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug):** enter the URL you want to scrape to see how the page's markup appears to Facebook
* **[Pinterest](https://developers.pinterest.com/rich_pins/validator/):** validate your Rich Pins and apply to get them on Pinterest
### Bookmarklets
* **[OuiSEO](https://github.com/carlsednaoui/seo-bookmarklet):** an open-source bookmarklet that shows you on-page SEO and social meta data information.
@ -197,14 +197,14 @@ search engines do not use this meta tag
* **[Yoast SEO](https://wordpress.org/plugins/wordpress-seo/):** improve your WordPress SEO: Write better content and have a fully optimized WordPress site using Yoast SEO plugin.
## Books
* **[Search engine optimization 2016: Learn SEO with smart internet marketing strategies](https://www.amazon.com/Search-Optimization-Internet-Marketing-Strategies/dp/151534567X):** learn SEO strategies to rank at the top of Google with SEO 2016
* **[Search Engine Optimization All-in-One For Dummies](https://www.amazon.com/Search-Engine-Optimization-All-Dummies/dp/1118921755):** Bruce Clay is one of the most respected figures in the SEO community, teaching classes and workshops at all the major conferences. Like the Art of SEO, this book is actually pretty technical and probably not your best easy, first guide, despite being part of the Dummies series.
* **[SEO 2016: Learn Search Engine Optimization](https://www.amazon.com/SEO-2016-Search-Engine-Optimization/dp/1512275069):** a Comprehensive Must-Have Guide to SEO in Today's Competitive Search Environment
* **[SEO Fitness Workbook](https://www.amazon.com/SEO-Fitness-Workbook-2016-Optimization/dp/1518748880):** step-by-step book on SEO, starting with goals, going through on page SEO such as page tags, and ending up with off page SEO such as link-building and social mentions.
* **[SEO For Dummies, 6th Edition](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9781119129554.do):** your fully updated guide to search engine optimization
* **[SEO Step-by-Step - The Complete Beginner's Guide to Getting Traffic from Google](https://www.amazon.com/SEO-Step-Step-Complete-Beginners/dp/1497415020):** also starts with keywords and covers ON PAGE and OFF PAGE SEO. Emphasizes the importance of speed, and has a nice appendix with SEO resources, glossary, and links.
* **[SEO Warrior](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596157081.do):** essential Techniques for Increasing Web Visibility
* **[SEO: Marketing Strategies to Dominate the First Page](https://www.amazon.com/SEO-Marketing-Strategies-analytics-optimization-ebook/dp/B01ACB7LQM):** introduction to Google Analytics, Webmaster, Website traffic, Adwords, Pay per click, Website promotion and Search engine optimization.
* **[Search Engine Optimization All-in-One For Dummies](https://www.amazon.com/Search-Engine-Optimization-All-Dummies/dp/1118921755):** Bruce Clay is one of the most respected figures in the SEO community, teaching classes and workshops at all the major conferences. Like the Art of SEO, this book is actually pretty technical and probably not your best easy, first guide, despite being part of the Dummies series.
* **[Search engine optimization 2016: Learn SEO with smart internet marketing strategies](https://www.amazon.com/Search-Optimization-Internet-Marketing-Strategies/dp/151534567X):** learn SEO strategies to rank at the top of Google with SEO 2016
* **[The Art of SEO, 3rd Edition](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032908.do):** mastering search engine optimization
* **[The Beginner's Guide to SEO](https://moz.com/beginners-guide-to-seo):** new to SEO? Need to polish up your knowledge? The Beginner's Guide to SEO has been read over 3 million times and provides the information you need to get on the road to professional quality SEO.
* **[The SEO Battlefield](http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920050964.do):** if you want to establish an ongoing SEO program with the goal of increased traffic and search prominence, this practical step-by-step guide will help you understand SEO methodology and then show you how to put those theories into practice.
@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ search engines do not use this meta tag
* **[International SEO Fundamentals](https://www.lynda.com/Analytics-tutorials/International-SEO-Fundamentals/377449-6.html):** attract international visitors to your websites with these SEO tips. Learn how to determine target markets and optimize your website's technical aspects and content for countries and languages around the world. With David Booth by Lynda.com
* **[Learning Search Engine Optimization (SEO): A Video Introduction](https://www.video2brain.com/en/courses/learning-search-engine-optimization-seo-a-video-introduction):** Learning Search Engine Optimization (SEO): A Video Introduction with Matt Bailey by video2brain
* **[Learning Web Analytics](https://www.video2brain.com/en/courses/learning-web-analytics):** Learning Web Analytics with Matt Bailey by video2brain
* **[SEO Fundamentals](https://www.lynda.com/Analytics-tutorials/SEO-Fundamentals/187858-2.html):** SEO Fundamentals with David Booth by Lynda.com
* **[SEO Fundamentals](https://www.pluralsight.com/courses/seo-fundamentals):** SEO Fundamentals with Paul Wilson by Pluralsight
* **[SEO Tools Fundamentals](https://www.lynda.com/Buzzstream-tutorials/SEO-Tools-Fundamentals/368917-2.html):** learn about today's top SEO tools for technical optimization, content optimization, offsite optimization, and competitive research. With Brad Batesole by Lynda.com
* **[SEO Training Course by Moz](https://www.udemy.com/whiteboard-seo/):** SEO Training Course with Moz by udemy
* **[SEO for Beginners](http://seoforbeginners.com/):** SEO for Beginners: A Video Guide Introduction
* **[SEO for Ecommerce](https://www.lynda.com/Google-Analytics-tutorials/SEO-Ecommerce/386884-2.html):** SEO for ecommerce is different. Get strategies tailored for optimizing an online store to improve page rankings and build traffic. With Steven Harris by Lynda.com
* **[SEO for Local Visibility](https://www.lynda.com/Google-Maps-tutorials/SEO-Local-Visibility/178132-2.html):** achieve maximum visibility in search rankings with these local SEO strategies. With Brad Batesole by Lynda.com
* **[SEO for Web Designers](https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/courses/seo-for-web-designers):** SEO for Web Designers with Craig Campbell by TutsPlus
* **[SEO Fundamentals](https://www.lynda.com/Analytics-tutorials/SEO-Fundamentals/187858-2.html):** SEO Fundamentals with David Booth by Lynda.com
* **[SEO Fundamentals](https://www.pluralsight.com/courses/seo-fundamentals):** SEO Fundamentals with Paul Wilson by Pluralsight
* **[SEO Tools Fundamentals](https://www.lynda.com/Buzzstream-tutorials/SEO-Tools-Fundamentals/368917-2.html):** learn about today's top SEO tools for technical optimization, content optimization, offsite optimization, and competitive research. With Brad Batesole by Lynda.com
* **[SEO Training Course by Moz](https://www.udemy.com/whiteboard-seo/):** SEO Training Course with Moz by udemy
* **[SEO: Keyword Strategy in Depth](https://www.lynda.com/Business-Online-Marketing-tutorials/SEO-Keyword-Strategy-Depth/147030-6.html):** learn how to research keywords, apply them to your website, and create ad campaigns around keywords. Increase your site traffic and better understand your user's intent with keywords. With Matt Bailey by Lynda.com
* **[SEO: Link Building in Depth](https://www.lynda.com/Business-Online-Marketing-tutorials/SEO-Link-Building-Depth/95253-6.html):** investigates the anatomy of a link, how links affect page ranking, and the properties that make an excellent inbound link. With Peter Kent by Lynda.com
* **[Spying with SEO Tools](https://www.lynda.com/Marketing-PPC-tutorials/Spying-SEO-Tools/371730-6.html):** learn how to use SEO tools and techniques to research the competition online. Find out what keywords your competitors are optimizing for—and then outrank them on search engine results pages. With Anson Alexander by Lynda.com