* [Non-human Personas: Including Nature in the Participatory Design of Smart Cities](http://www.mifav.uniroma2.it/inevent/events/idea2010/doc/50_7.pdf) 2022-01-05 Martin Tomitsch, Joel Fredericks, Dan Vo, Jessica Frawley, Marcus Foth
  > this article assesses how the personas method can be adapted to include morethan-human perspectives in the design process. Based on a case study, which involved designing smart urban furniture for human and non-human use, we introduce a framework for developing and employing non-human personas. As a key element of the framework, we describe a middle-out approach for forming a coalition that can speak on behalf of the non-human species that are impacted by design decisions.