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<h2 id="infominer">Infominer</h2>
<p>In November 2018, Inspired by <a href="https://twitter.com/peacekeeper" class="user-mention">@peacekeeper</a>’s <a href="https://github.com/peacekeeper/blockchain-identity/">blockchain-identity</a> list, I began working on my own <strong>curated list of resources related to decentralized identity</strong>.</p>
<p>I saw that decentralized identity has a deep historical context, and saw its potential for being <em>the</em> blockchain use-case, beyond currency.</p>
<p>From the amount of information spread across the web, but not quite accessible to the uninitiated, I knew this community could appreciate aggregation and organization of its information ecosystem.</p>
<p>What began as a single page of links in a Readme file on GitHub, has grown to become the largest web-directory of information related to Self Sovereign Identity.</p>
<h2 id="identity-woman">Identity Woman</h2>
<p>In 2019, I connected with <a href="https://identitywoman.net">Kaliya ‘Identity Woman’ Young</a> who has ever been working on similar efforts, to map out the organizations and protocols and leading thought surrounding decentralized-identity.</p>
<p>During this time, became friends and worked together on a few projects. Kaliya became my guide through the vast web of connections and associations with SSI, and editorial advisor for this site.</p>
<h2 id="identosphere">Identosphere</h2>
<p>In October 2020 we launched a reboot of the original identity management feed aggregator <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161029051802/http://planetidentity.org/">planetidentity.org</a>.</p>
<p>The <a href="https://identosphere.net/">Identosphere Blog Catcher</a> aggregates hundreds of RSS feeds, with pages for personal, business, organization, and web3 blogs.</p>
<p>Once the feed aggregator was established, we began a weekly newsletter called <a href="https://newsletter.identosphere.net">Identosphere’s Weekly Digest</a>, using the Blog Catcher as its primary source, along with a weekly twitter search.</p>
<h2 id="getting-an-upgrade">Getting an Upgrade</h2>
<p>Now we’ve sorted over 2 years of content, collected from our newsletter, into this directory. We’ve also begun upgrading some of the processes by which its stored and generated, cleaned up broken links and outdated content.</p>
<h2 id="thanks-for-visiting">Thanks for Visiting</h2>
<p>-<a href="https://infominer.xyz">infominer</a></p>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2024-11-29">November 29, 2024</time></p>
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
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</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="After initial success with deploying exposure notification apps, LFPH started to host CCI in December 2020 to advance the use of Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and data and technical interoperability of VCs in the public health realm, starting with vaccine credentials.">
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<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/covid-19/lfph_cci_good-health-pass/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">LFPH and Covid-19: CCI and Good Health Pass
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#linux-foundation-public-health">Linux Foundation Public Health</a><ul><li><a href="#good-health-pass">Good Health Pass</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#covid-credentials-initiative-cci">Covid Credentials Initiative (CCI)</a><ul><li><a href="#ecosystem">Ecosystem</a></li><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#guidance">Guidance</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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<h2 id="linux-foundation-public-health">Linux Foundation Public Health</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.lfph.io/2021/10/13/divoc/">Understanding the Global COVID Certificate Landscape</a> 2021-10-13 DIVOC
<blockquote>
<p>The DIVOC project is hosted and maintained by <a href="https://egov.org.in/">India’s eGov Foundation</a> and is available as an MIT-licensed open source software package DIVOC is also supported by various multilateral funding institutions, as well as a community of software contributors and adopters in various geographies. DIVOC’s verifiable COVID credentials have also been tested for interoperability with several consumer-health and locker applications globally; and DIVOC’s certificates from the adopter countries can now be scanned/read/ingested by these domestic and international applications.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/linux-foundation-public-health-creates-the-global-covid-certificate-network-gccn-301307874.html">Linux Foundation Public Health creates the Global COVID Certificate Network (GCCN)</a> 2021-06-08 PRNewsWire
<blockquote>
<p>Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH) today announces the launch of the Global COVID Certificate Network (GCCN) to facilitate the safe and free movement of individuals globally during the COVID pandemic. GCCN will establish a global trust registry network that enables interoperable and trustworthy exchanges of COVID certificates among countries for safe reopening and provide related technology and guidance for implementation. The effort is initially supported by Affinidi, AOKPass, Blockchain Labs, Evernym, IBM, Indicio.Tech, LACChain, Lumedic, Proof Market and ThoughtWorks, who have implemented COVID certificate or pass systems for governments and industries. LFPH will work with them to define and implement GCCN.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.lfph.io/2021/06/08/gccn/">Introducing the Global COVID Certificate Network (GCCN)</a> 2021-06-08 LFPH
<blockquote>
<p>As more and more governments adopt <a href="https://www.lfph.io/2021/10/12/global-covid-certificate-landscape/">major COVID certificate standards</a> to reopen borders, the travel industry is working hard to catch up on their technology to meet the evolving travel requirements. However, there is still no shortage of complaints from travelers about their cumbersome international travel experiences</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hlR_2yp7EJQqYvxm8mNY-KNgwScTsClKDp6W6yw33Ic/edit?usp=sharing">ProofMarket/Medcreds Submission to LFPH</a> 2021-03-04
<blockquote>
<p>MedCreds is a reference implementation of the Governance Framework and Use-Cases that have been developed in the CCI community.</p>
<p>MedCreds is built on top of INDY and ARIES and is running on the SOVRIN Main Net. This is done through Trinsic (a third-party vendor)’s APIs. Trinsic agreed to document how to do this using the API’s on ARIES and devote an engineer to give instructions for how to use the open source code to run MedCreds.</p>
<p>MedCreds can be extended to support new credential schemas.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.lfph.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/LFPH-Calls-for-Coordination-of-Digital-Vaccination-Records-Using-Open-Standards.pdf">LFPH Calls for Coordination of Digital Vaccination Records Using Open Standards</a> 2021-02 LFPH
<blockquote>
<p>The CCI community collaborated with Linux Foundation Public Health to write a letter to the Biden Administration about how Verifiable Credentials could be used to support re-opening the economy.</p>
<p>“Some states and other countries have started to pilot this approach, as have various industries like film and aviation. But, the inconsistent use of standards and varying implementations have already led to confusion and public concern. An effort coordinated at the federal level would lead most quickly to uniform adoption and true inter-state and cross-domain interoperability.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="good-health-pass">Good Health Pass</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://indicio.tech/blog/implementing-the-good-health-passs-recommendations-with-cardea/">Implementing the Good Health Pass’s recommendations with Cardea</a> 2021-10-14 Indicio
<blockquote>
<p>Cardea, a full, open-source ecosystem for verifiable health credentials developed by Indicio and now a community-led project at LFPH, meets the major recommendations of the Good Health Pass and facilitates the goals of the Global COVID Certificate Network.</p>
<p>Good Health Pass Blueprint and the Global Covid Credentials Initiative by LFPH presented at the <a href="https://us02web.zoom.us/rec/play/Si6s-_rvMU7FuHW6QnJVxW47CFiotXDMWutkWMgePKdSWVhTYyADaldJhvzqOl1JPP297-lvSYXCDuk2.rMFee21Ba1fU6y2R?continueMode=true&amp;_x_zm_rtaid=dQ0WNpJPS2WF1QUlmxYwBQ.1624241159436.7617ddee4319249d32a108bb882dc0ec&amp;_x_zm_rhtaid=623">DIF Interop Working Group</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://humancolossus.foundation/blog/ujalo98s00b93gh7gqkuqd3lfj52xq-cn2ct">Linux Foundation Public Health introduces the Global COVID Certificate Network to operationalize the Good Health Pass Interoperability Blueprint</a> 2021-06-10 Human Colossus Foundation
<blockquote>
<p>Paul Knowles, Head of the Advisory Council at the Human Colossus Foundation, co-led the Standard Data Models and Elements drafting group, one of the nine interconnected GHPC drafting groups, to spearhead group recommendations on data elements, common models for data exchange, and semantic harmonization. The recommendations of that drafting group will help to enable data interoperability without putting any undue burden on existing health systems and workflows</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://id2020.medium.com/good-health-pass-collaborative-releases-draft-blueprint-for-digital-health-passes-in-advance-of-g7-68a48534f024">Good Health Pass Collaborative Releases Draft Blueprint for Digital Health Passes in Advance of G7 Summit</a> 2021-06-08 ID2020
<blockquote>
<p>The Blueprint — released today in draft form for a three-week period of stakeholder consultations and public comment — is intended to stimulate discussion at the G7 Summit, which will open Friday in Carbis Bay, Cornwall, UK.</p>
<p>For a high level view, check out the <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1fM-EpIdLGdKniFjHR4ZhdgFA-HBSEmpMai8ljqti4Gw/edit">terminology deck</a> or the <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1AibzpUh70UDJVapC2wlICz2voBAMxZLQ_jQOxZwF57Y/edit">slide deck</a> that was shared on webinars with the travel industry.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/1F/_Dynamic_Disambiguation_and_Deconfliction_of_Complex_Access_Controls_from_Multiple_Verifiable_Sources">Dynamic Disambiguation and Deconfliction of Complex Access Controls from Multiple Verifiable Sources</a> 2021-05-06 Chris Buchanan
<blockquote>
<p>COVID-19, Good Health Pass Collaborative, Rules Engines, Verifiable Presentation Requests</p>
<p>The transition from contemporary access controls to SSI will need a metalanguage for access control rules in order to allow verifiers and holders to trust the transaction.  Not everyone will know how to write the complex branching and contextual rules logic that make up real life access controls.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://trustoverip.org/blog/2021/04/12/toip-foundation-hosts-the-interoperability-working-group-for-good-health-pass/">ToIP Foundation Hosts the Interoperability Working Group for Good Health Pass</a> 2021-04-12 TOIP
<blockquote>
<p>The nine drafting groups collaborating within the new Working Group are:</p>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Paper+Based+Credentials+Drafting+Group">Paper Based Credentials</a> will define how a paper-based alternative can be created for any digital health pass so access will be available to all.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Consistent+User+Experience+Drafting+Group">Consistent User Experience</a> will specify the common elements required so that individuals can easily, intuitively, and safely use digital health pass implementations.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Standard+Data+Models+and+Elements+Drafting+Group">Standard Data Models and Elements</a> will determine the core data items needed across all digital health pass implementations for both COVID-19 testing and vaccinations.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Credential+Formats%2C+Signatures%2C+and+Exchange+Protocols+Drafting+Group">Credential Formats, Signatures, and Exchange Protocols</a> will specify the requirements for technical interoperability of Good Health Pass implementations.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Security%2C+Privacy%2C+and+Data+Protection+Drafting+Group">Security, Privacy, and Data Protection</a> will define the safety requirements for Good Health Pass compliant implementations.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Trust+Registries+Drafting+Group">Trust Registries</a> will specify how verifiers can confirm that a digital health pass has been issued by an authorized issuer.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Rules+Engines+Drafting+Group">Rules Engines</a> will define how digital health pass apps can access different sources of policy information to determine what test or vaccination status is needed for a specific usage scenario.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Identity+Binding+Drafting+Group">Identity Binding</a> will specify the options for verifying that the holder of a digital health pass is the individual who received the test or vaccination credential.</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Governance+Framework+Drafting+Group">Governance Framework</a> will define the overall set of policies that must be followed for an implementation to qualify as Good Health Pass compliant.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="covid-credentials-initiative-cci">Covid Credentials Initiative (CCI)</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>COVID-19 Credentials Initiative (CCI) is a part of Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH), an initiative by Linux Foundation to build, secure, and sustain open-source software to help public health authorities (PHAs) combat COVID-19 and future epidemics. After initial success with deploying exposure notification apps, LFPH started to host CCI in December 2020 to advance the use of Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and data and technical interoperability of VCs in the public health realm, starting with vaccine credentials.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="https://www.covidcreds.com/">Website</a> • <a href="https://medium.com/@cci.2020">Blog</a> • <a href="https://twitter.com/CCI_CovidCreds">Twitter</a> • <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/covidcreds/">Linkedin</a> • <a href="https://covidcreds.groups.io/">Forum</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/1C/_COVID_Credentials_Initiative_Update/Overview">COVID Credentials Initiative Update/Overview</a> 2021-05-06 <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11K027LlitWljJu_XNTztqc6BGvhsD8JBX5OkavLEEMA/">presentation</a> Lucy Yang, Kaliya Young, John Walker
<blockquote>
<p>CCI is an open global community collaborating to enable the use of W3C Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and other related privacy-preserving technologies for public health purposes.</p>
<p>CCI is hosted by Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH), a project of the Linux Foundation that works with public health authorities and their key stakeholders to ensure that investments into public health technology meet common needs and have maximum impact.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/10C/_COVID_Credentials_Initiative:_Challenges_%26_Learning">CCI: Challenges and Learning</a> 2021-05-06 <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/11K027LlitWljJu_XNTztqc6BGvhsD8JBX5OkavLEEMA/edit?usp=sharing">presentation</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Solution assumption with the Good Health Pass is revoking is not necessary as VCs are short lived (solution to invalid credential). Issuers will re-issue vs. revoke</p>
<p>In many cases, labs are providing incorrect information in vaccination records, which need to be re-issued</p>
<ul>
<li>Still need to notify the holder that their (current VC) is invalid and they need to take action to resolve</li>
<li>Issuers asking what if we make a mistake – (re-issue)</li>
<li>Holders having problems findin there vaccination VC</li>
<li>Many of the unresolved issues are governance/policy related (for which the “health authorities”) have not worked out the details</li>
<li>Policy providers are applying the brakes through in-grained bureaucracy to produce a perfect standard for their jurisdiction vs. rapidly evolving a common standard and “usable solution” in the short term.</li>
<li>Unclear on how to get VC and underlying data into the hands of holders, particularly as holders don’t have the technology and skills to manage their health data.</li>
<li>Data privacy is an issue across each of the implementers and users of the Issuer, Holder and Verifier roles. Lack of common understanding and agreement on how and who owns and controls the data</li>
<li>WHO standard will likely be adopted in the Global South (hemisphere)</li>
<li>GHP looking to paint a forward looking common picture, including interim solutions (iterate standards)</li>
<li>The number of players (and their levels of understanding/expertise and agreement with the current direction) alone makes consensus very difficult</li>
<li>Paper credentials have been getting consensus on interim solutions.</li>
<li>W3C and WHO are great candidates.</li>
<li>Affinidi is making a universal verifier application (https://www.affinidi.com/)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cci-2020.medium.com/cci-has-joined-linux-foundation-public-health-607e1af1b2b8">CCI has joined Linux Foundation Public Health!</a> 2021-01-13
<blockquote>
<p>When the COVID-19 Credentials Initiative (CCI) was formed in April 2020, we were a self-organizing group of companies and individuals, held together by a few mailing lists and working groups, to explore how Verifiable Credentials (VCs), an open standard and an emerging technology, could be used for the public health crisis unfolding with COVID-19. Recognizing our limits early on as an informal group, we quickly pivoted from developing a solution together to supporting each other to build for their local contexts. Over the course of nine months, we have seen over 20 projects present their work to the CCI community and developed an MVP governance framework that can be adapted to specific COVID-19 use cases.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1z0MaGrb-Py7V3ZO4AnmYMHsXNgTmLhVocyaX7ySQ5mI/edit#gid=1671625933">CCI Knowledge Base</a> 2021-03-01
<blockquote>
<p>As our community continues to grow and the pandemic situation keeps evoloving, this CCI Knowledge Base serves as a repository of ongoing COVID-19-related news, topics, researches and resources which are deem relevant to our community and digital identity technology. It aims to provide an up-to-date database for our CCI members to access relevant information quickly in one place whenever they need it, e.g. doing market research, developing their projects or simply keeping themseleves updated on the news.</p>
<p>If you’d like to submit relevant news or articles for the database, please go to <a href="https://bit.ly/2JfKbpf.">https://bit.ly/2JfKbpf.</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/CCI+GF+Task+Force">CCI GF Task Force</a> 2020-11-24
<blockquote>
<p>This page describes the COVID-19 Credentials Initiative Governance Framework Task Force (the “CCI GF TF”). It was created by Sankarshan Mukhopadhyay and Chris Raczkowski.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cci-2020.medium.com/hello-world-from-the-covid-19-credentials-initiative-6d45534c4b3a">Hello World from the COVID-19 Credentials Initiative</a> 2020-06-25 CCI 2020
<blockquote>
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has, in a few months’ time, taken the lives of almost half a million people worldwide and brought economies into lockdown globally. While many are struggling with the effects of social distancing, financial distress, or fear of contracting the virus, here at the COVID-19 Credentials Initiative (CCI), nearly 300 individuals from 100 organizations have united around a cause worthy of our collective efforts: supporting projects that deploy privacy-preserving Verifiable Credentials (VCs) to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 and strengthen our societies and economies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="ecosystem">Ecosystem</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@medcreds/medcreds-conforms-to-the-cci-governance-framework-eb13256a7f31">Medcreds Conforms to the CCI Governance Framework</a> 2020-06-24 Medcreds
<blockquote>
<p>One of the important efforts by the CCI has been completed by the <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L7V2mXWUO5fjiwJODyq_wMvkL9EDSf3m7emLxLpvzTk/edit#">Rules and Governance Workstream</a>. This workstream is in charge of defining the rules of how VC technology is to be used, as well as the algorithmic and human trust mechanisms to ensure sensitive personal data remains secure, private, and tamper-proof.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.zerionsoftware.com/big-data/covid-credentials">Zerion Joins Covid Credentials Initiative</a> 2020-04-16 Zerion Software
<blockquote>
<p>As such, Zerion Software is proud to announce our participation in the Covid Credentials Initiative. This global, cross-sector community of organizations committing to finding ways to use digital identities as a way to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 while rebooting public trust.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.ledgerinsights.com/sovereign-identity-covid-19-immunity-passports-credentials/">60 strong Self Sovereign Identity group targets COVID-19 immunity passports, credentials</a> 2020-04-14 LedgerInsights
<blockquote>
<p>The COVID Credentials initiative (CCI) has launched to use digital identity to address the spread of COVID-19. The aim is to develop “immunity passports” and much more. The group includes individuals who are part of Evernym, ID2020, uPort, Dutch research organization TNO, Microsoft, ConsenSys Health and consultants Luxoft. So far, at least 69 have signed up.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="explainer">Explainer</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://cci-2020.medium.com/carrying-your-covid-19-credentials-in-a-physical-wallet-cafe26bfbbe4">Carrying Your COVID-19 Credentials in a Physical “Wallet”</a> 2020-10-30 CCI
<blockquote>
<p>We are all painfully aware of the economic and social restrictions imparted on us as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to reopen offices, restaurants, local private and public facilities — and most importantly, international borders — will likely require a flexible, interoperable, and ubiquitous system that preserves individual agency and privacy. The COVID-19 Credentials Initiative (CCI) focuses its efforts on supporting technology projects that work to meet these requirements through the utilization of W3C compliant ‘Verifiable Credentials (VCs)’, a tamper-evident credential that has authorship that can be cryptographically verified.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cci-2020.medium.com/the-covid-19-credentials-initiative-cci-b00c1d858ccb">Bringing emerging privacy-preserving technology to a public health crisis</a> 2020-10-02 CCI
<blockquote>
<p>We submitted this position statement to the “<a href="https://cci-2020.medium.com/the-covid-19-credentials-initiative-cci-b00c1d858ccb">Privacy &amp; Pandemics Workshop: Responsible Uses of Technology and Health Data During Times of Crisis — An International Tech and Data Conference</a>” by the Future of Privacy Forum. The aim is to, from two participants’ point of view, share an abbreviated case study of CCI and to highlight key challenges that arose in our efforts to responsibly use new privacy-preserving technologies to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. We wanted to share our submission with the CCI community and the public in the hope to invite some further discussions.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="guidance">Guidance</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.lfph.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/CCI-Summit-Summary-Report-From-Closed-to-Open.pdf">From Closed Loop Systems to Open World COVID Credentials Exchange</a> 2021-04 CCI Report
<blockquote>
<p>This summit, convened by CCI, was designed to beginarticulating a roadmap to get from closed loop systems to an open systemwhere it doesn’t matter if issuers, holders and verifiers are using the tool provided by the same solution provider as long as all solution providers are building on a certain common ground.The discussion focused on domestic reopening use cases using the US as the context.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HwWUxMY2EynkWFrlNQqh8IF7rE_5aFn74ZreYq0IAYg/edit?usp=sharing">Response to WHO Interim Guidance for Development a Smart Vaccination Certificate</a> 2021-03</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y5vyLzsVUzhiFNcWHGHLVlQHnRad73q3F50a-8gr83Y/edit?usp=sharing">Response to Call for Evidence: UK Parliament Covid 19 Vaccine Certification</a> 2021-03
<blockquote>
<p>The Government has announced a review into introducing a Covid vaccine certificate system or “vaccine passports. The Committee has launched an inquiry to consider potential ethical, legal and operational issues and the efficacy and appropriateness of a certificate system.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ykUUDak47lYkUJeZvxs7FxDyy8bQ48FkF47IxMclppE/edit?usp=sharing">Response to Ada Lovelace Institute: Vaccine passports and COVID status apps: Call for Public Evidence</a> 2021-02-27 CCI Lucy Yang, Kaliya Young
<blockquote>
<p>Before responding to the questions, we want to point out that the use of the term “COVID-19 passports” is questionable as the word ‘passport’ is used for the identity and travel document issued by nation states to their citizens. Another reason to question the use of ‘passport’ is the fact that our passport data is stored or centralized by the nation state issuer. Centralized systems are notorious and can be a source of potential data breaches and abuses.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="headline" content="Education and Self Sovereign Identity">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Since most of the educational institutes were facing security crises, new challenges are added to the security system to identify and manage the users’ access to these platforms.The most relevant challenges include but not limited to, legacy identity infrastructure, student lifecycle and users access complexity and new cyber threats.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/education/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Education and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<aside class="sidebar__right ">
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#projects">Projects</a></li><li><a href="#product">Product</a></li><li><a href="#pilot">Pilot</a></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="explainer">Explainer</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/6269810a06ae9fafd52556a3/629f94235eabc454ea48c117_The%20Importance%20of%20Verifiable%20Credentials%20for%20Training%20Providers.pdf?__hstc=100632769.d32f75d38c42eaa77409051b21d73653.1655033322879.1655033322879.1655033322879.1&amp;__hssc=100632769.1.1655033322879&amp;__hsfp=2803731784">The Importance of Verifiable Credentials to Training Providers</a> 2022-06-03 Credivera
<blockquote>
<p>like many other aspects of our daily lives, the digital transformation of education and training has added both convenience and challenges. Much like the shift to remote work, we can now learn from the comfort of our homes. Gone are the days of taking an in-person course where you receive your gold-sealed certificate upon completion of the last class, or walk across a stage to pick up your hard-earned degree.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.weareopen.coop/advocating-for-learner-centric-badge-systems-21a65be4a725">Advocating for learner-centric badge systems</a> 2022-05-29 We Are Open Coop
<blockquote>
<p>how do we advocate for learner-centric badge systems? This is the piece that we’ve been thinking about the past couple of weeks.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://er.educause.edu/articles/2022/4/self-sovereign-identity-user-scenarios-in-the-educational-domain">Self-Sovereign Identity User Scenarios in the Educational Domain</a> 2022-04-13 Gerd Kortemeyer Educause
<blockquote>
<p>Due to the high level of international mobility in the academic sector, insular solutions relying on only one national type of government-issued digital ID card will be insufficient; instead, the officials at the federation need to decide which digital ID cards are valid to uniquely associate an individual with private cryptographic keys, similar to the way passports are acknowledged internationally</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://condatis.com/webinars/webinar/digital-credentials/">Digital Credentials – the new student experience</a> 2022-03-14 Condatis
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>The challenges universities are facing.</li>
<li>Digital transcripts and credentials.</li>
<li>How universities can support students beyond graduation.</li>
<li>The benefits for universities, students, and employers.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://lissi-id.medium.com/lissi-use-cases-education-c39908690300">Lissi use cases: Education</a> 2021-12-01 Lissi
<blockquote>
<p>Upon successful graduation from a school or university, a certificate is issued as proof of the achievements. However, these are currently still only issued in paper form and therefore cannot be easily presented to third parties.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.validatedid.com/post-en/the-digital-transformation-of-the-education-sector">The digital transformation of the education sector</a> 2021-08-27 ValidatedID
<blockquote>
<p>The electronic signature improves the experience in education for students, teachers, parents, guardians and other school staff.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.thedinglegroup.com/blog/2020/10/4/digital-identity-in-education">Digital Identity in Education</a> 2020-10-04 Dingle Group
<blockquote>
<p>Vienna Digital Identity Meetup hosted <a href="https://vimeo.com/464715275">a focused session</a> on digital identifiers and verifiable credentials in education. We have two great updates from Kim Hamilton Duffy (Architect Digital Credentials Consortium, Chair of the W3C CCG and Verifiable Credentials for Education Task Force) and Lluis Arińo (convenor of Diplomas Use Case at European Blockchain Service Infrastructure and CIO Rovira i Virgili University, Spain).</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://wellthatsinteresting.tech/blockchain-and-the-future-of-education/">Blockchain and the future of education</a> 2020-08-10 Well That’s Interesting
<blockquote>
<p>The user has one wallet where all their important documents are kept safe and secure. Since this wallet is a trusted source, when they share anything from it, it is trusted to be true and accurate without having to get another party involved.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="projects">Projects</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://customers.microsoft.com/en-au/story/1481006006183422060-rmit-university-higher-education-azure-active-directory">RMIT future-proofs the university-to-student connection with verifiable credentials in Azure Active Directory</a> 2022-03-16 Microsoft Azure AD, ION
<blockquote>
<p>Many of the components we needed were readily available to us within the Microsoft suite. RMIT uses Azure AD today for student and staff login as an identity provider. ION is an open, permissionless Layer 2 network based on the purely deterministic Sidetree protocol based on open standards.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.identity.foundation/lego-super-skills/">LEGO &amp; Learning Economy: Gearing up with Super Skills</a> 2021-12-21 DIF
<blockquote>
<p>The Super Skills app combines a custodial wallet (Torus) and Ceramic VC/storage tooling to give children private, exportable, future-proof achievement records – a self-sovereign educational credentialing system in miniature.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@ntonani/super-skills-a-mobile-application-use-case-for-dids-and-vcs-d174467ccf46">Super Skills, a mobile application use case for DIDs and VCs</a> 2021-12-01 Ntonani
<blockquote>
<p>Super Skills falls into the category of informal learning, but with the use of DIDs, VCs, and digital wallets, we are able to issue provable credentials for children that persist outside of the game. They can be presented and verified without having to communicate with our systems or LEGO, capturing the learning and putting control into the learner’s hands.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[learningeconomy, LEGO] <a href="http://informationmatters.org/2021/08/using-blockchain-to-get-information-when-you-need-it-from-wherever-you-are/">Using Blockchain to Get Information When You Need It from Wherever You Are</a> 2021-08-05 Information Matters
<blockquote>
<p>The ULC will leverage blockchain technology to deploy a library identity and credentialing application to be developed by the Learning Economy. It will connect existing library information and library card systems while allowing libraries to continue managing users with their existing technology infrastructures already in use. The design architecture (as shown in the figures below) will provide for the following:</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.acenet.edu/Research-Insights/Pages/Education-Blockchain-Initiative.aspx">Education Blockchain Initiative</a> ACENet
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.acenet.edu/News-Room/Pages/Four-Blockchain-Innovation-Challenge-Economic-Opportunity-Underserved-Learners.aspx">ACE Selects Four Blockchain Innovation Challenge Winners to Expand Economic Opportunity to Underserved Learners</a> 2021-02-11
<blockquote>
<p>The <a href="https://www.lifelonglearnerproject.org/">Lifelong Learner Project</a>, Powered by Teachers, to develop a digital wallet in which teachers can store and access their credentials, certifications, and learning resources and securely share these verifiable credentials with entities such as state licensing systems, human resources departments, and learning management systems. The project is led by RANDA Solutions, in partnership with the Utah State Board of Education, ETS, Digital Promise, University Instructors, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, Blockframe, Fluree, Evernym, Velocity Network Foundation, IDRamp, PhilosBDL, UPD Consulting, IATC, Credential Engine, and IMS Global.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="product">Product</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/zengernews/2022/09/16/when-job-candidates-lie-new-tech-from-zippedscript-and-learncard-will-help-you-catch-them/?sh=731b54b63ed4">When Job Candidates Lie, New Tech From ZippedScript And LearnCard Will Help You Catch Them</a> 2022-09-16 Forbes
<blockquote>
<p>“recently launched <a href="http://www.learncard.com/">LearnCard</a>, a digital wallet for education and employment programmable verifiable credentials”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://dhiway.com/prevent-credential-fraud/">How to Prevent Fraud using #MARKs</a> 2021-10-26 DHIWay
<blockquote>
<p>Credential fraud has, unfortunately, become commonplace in today’s instant electronic age. Especially problematic in <a href="https://dhiway.com/hashmarks-in-the-education-sector/">higher education</a>, credential fraud has spiralled into a multi-billion-dollar industry</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enqQ0FyLaBc">Redefining the Student Journey</a> 2021-05-11 Condatis
<blockquote>
<p>Digital innovation has been front and centre in Higher Education since the pandemic. The challenges remain for universities supporting students now and for the future. With the help of Microsoft Azure AD Verifiable Credentials, universities can support student needs effective and innovative digital approach.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Open Badges] <a href="https://wellthatsinteresting.tech/blockchain-and-the-future-of-education/">Blockchain and the future of Education</a> 2020-08-10 WellThatsInteresting.tech
<blockquote>
<p>It highlights the <a href="https://www.digitary.net/myequals-1-million/">recent announcement from Digitary</a> about having issued over four million digitally verified documents from 100+ institutions for millions of learners in 135 countries.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="pilot">Pilot</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.krakenh2020.eu/pilots/education">Education pilot</a> 2020 Kraken
<blockquote>
<p>This pilot allows university students to trade their academic records in a privacy-preserving way, and recruitment agencies to acquire this data and process it, keeping the student’s privacy intact.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li>[Course] <a href="https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/course/view.php?id=7981">Badged Open Course: Decentralising Education Using Blockchain Technology</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Available on the Open University’s OpenLearn Create platform and is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Upon completion of the course, learners earn a free statement of participation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Research] <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2021.616779/full">Blockchain, Self-Sovereign Identity and Digital Credentials: Promise Versus Praxis in Education</a> 2021-03-30 Alex Grech, Ira Sood and Lluís Ariño
<blockquote>
<p>Although the blockchain has long been identified as an opportunity for driving much-needed change in the core processes of the education sector, use cases to date have been limited in scope and execution, with blockchain advocates and education policy makers seemingly disconnected on fundamental issues such as governance, self-sovereignty, interoperability, choice of blockchain platforms and overall trust in standards and the integrity of the infrastructure.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Whitepaper, Hyperledger] <a href="https://potech.global/web/images/Potech%20Labs%20White%20Paper_Blockchain%20in%20the%20Education%20Sector.pdf">Blockchain in the Education Sector</a> 2021-03-23 Potech
<blockquote>
<p>Since most of the educational institutes were facing security crises, new challenges are added to the security system to identify and manage the users’ access to these platforms.The most relevant challenges include but not limited to, legacy identity infrastructure, student lifecycle and users access complexity and new cyber threats.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Report] <a href="https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/sites/default/files/media-uploads/Applying%20SSI%20Principles%20to%20ILRs%20Report.pdf">APPLYING SELF -SOVEREIGN IDENTITY PRINCIPLES TO INTEROPERABLE LEARNING RECORDS</a> 2020-06 US Chamber Foundation
<blockquote>
<p>SSI technologies and concepts can provide valuable insights to jumpstart our efforts and provide opportunities to improve the talent marketplace for all learners and stakeholders by examining ILR systems’ potential risks, such as discrimination, manipulation, over-disclosure, tracking, and lock-in/lock-out. Stakeholders should be encouraged to work toward and implement the following principles and tools, when possible, to mitigate risks that are further explained throughout the paper and highlighted below.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Report] <a href="https://www.acenet.edu/Documents/ACE-Education-Blockchain-Initiative-Connected-Impact-June2020.pdf?fbclid=IwAR22cl_g-DzoZOEBStwKhrsuQpqqA66ZyZhKdd_4NmER2GyDMXbatuUsUuw">CONNECTED IMPACT Unlocking Education and Workforce Opportunity Through Blockchain</a> 2020-06 ACE
<blockquote>
<p>This report is the first phase of the Education Blockchain Initiative, funded by the U.S. Department of Education and managed by the American Council on Education (ACE). It summarizes an intensive research project to better understand the application of blockchain, a form of distributed ledger technology, to education. Its content is intended to inform policymakers, technology developers, education practitioners, and workforce entities about the state of and potential of interoperable digital credentials anchored on blockchains. This report also provides guidance to these stakeholders on the effective implementation of blockchain-based digital credentials infrastructure.</p>
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
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<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
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<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<meta itemprop="headline" content="The Future of Digital Identity with Self Sovereign ID">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Enables sovereignty for individuals over their digital assets and credentials -such as digital passports, digital diplomas, digital property titles, and tokenized currencies such as dollar, euro, pound, or pesos- using digital wallets that can take the form of a mobile app.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/future/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">The Future of Digital Identity with Self Sovereign ID
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<li><a href="https://www.finextra.com/the-long-read/421/the-future-of-digital-identity-separating-the-digital-from-the-individual">The Future of Digital Identity: Separating the digital from the individual</a> 2022-07-27 Finextra [<a href="https://www.finextra.com/finextra-downloads/research/documents/245/the-future-of-digital-identity-2022.pdf">Report</a>]
<blockquote>
<p>the concept of real-time and frictionless processes is what is driving the future of digital identity forward.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gimrMbcj91A">Webinar: The Future of Self Sovereign Identity</a> 2021-12-21 Patientory
<blockquote>
<p>Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a movement that claims digital identity should be just as legitimate and nuanced as a person’s human identity, while being accessible to all, privacy-preserving, and not reliant on a single government or corporation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/global-id/gid-report-181-the-future-will-be-self-sovereign-d0218fff9989">GiD Report#181 — The future will be self sovereign</a> 2021-10-12 GlobalID
<blockquote>
<p>Just as the World Wide Web empowered people to connect and share knowledge and information, the rise of Bitcoin taught us that we could have direct ownership over our valuable assets and payments — no middle man or central operator necessary.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/blog/posts/2021/personal-identity-future-digital-interactions.html">Personal Identity and the Future of Digital Interactions</a> 2021-06-22 Ping Identity
<blockquote>
<p>What if individuals could determine how to share data and with whom? What if that data was always up to date? And what if instead of merely having a unified customer profile in a single company, each person could have one identity experience for all the companies and people they interact with?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mx58bYHFrFk">The Future of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI)</a> 2021-06-03 Evernym
<blockquote>
<p>We were joined by Drummond Reed and Alex Preukschat, co-authors of Manning Publication’s new book ‘Self-Sovereign Identity,’ for a conversation on the book’s development and recent release and what the future holds for SSI as a technology, architecture, and movement.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/05/can_the_digital_future_be_our_home.shtml">Can the Digital Future Be Our Home?</a> 2021-05 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>This post features three fantastic books from three great, but quite different, authors on the subject of Big Tech, surveillance capitalism, and what’s to be done about it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.reality2cast.com/61">The Future of Authenticating Your Data</a> 2021-03-12 Doc Searls, Katherine Druckman, Dave Huseby
<blockquote>
<p>Across time and space immediately being tracked and, and falling victim to what I call sort of casual surveillance or corporate surveillance, right? Where is your data flows through systems; businesses are able to observe that movement of your data, your information aggregated, develop some kind of psychological model and then able to sell that to people who wish to manipulate you, sell you things, that kind of stuff</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.thinkdigitalpartners.com/guest-blog/2021/02/15/the-past-present-and-future-of-identity/">The Past, Present and Future of Identity</a> 2021-02-15
<blockquote>
<p>Susan Morrow, considers the ‘digital identity journey’ to date and the important opportunity for the government to make use of the lessons learned when creating tomorrows digital identity ecosystem.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://borgbraincrypto.medium.com/the-future-of-identity-eee42109efd2">The Future of Identity. A collection of interconnected research</a> 2020-12-02
<blockquote>
<p>A collection of interconnected research and thoughts, on the topics, technologies, and projects concerning the future of identification, DID’s, SSI’s, biometrics, data, ai, reputation, credentials, medical history, blockchain, privacy, and ethics, on what it should mean to us as humans, and the implications for the future of this world and our relationship with it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://reb00ted.org/tech/20201009-three-scenarios-rolling-back-surveillance-captialism/">Three Scenarios for Rolling Back Surveillance Capitalism</a> 2020-10-09 Rebooted
<blockquote>
<p>what are realistic alternatives? Alternatives that keep the amazing wonders that are consumer technologies in 2020, but don’t invade our privacy, don’t spread misinformation, give us back a measure of control over our electronic lives, don’t set us up for manipulation and help rather than hurt our mental health?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.coindesk.com/self-sovereign-identity-reshape-internet">Future 2030: Self Sovereign Identity Explained</a> 2020-10-01
<blockquote>
<p>A comprehensive Article on CoinDesk about the future and what SSI looks like in that future. Kaliya interviewed for it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Report] <a href="https://publications.iadb.org/en/self-sovereign-identity-future-identity-self-sovereignity-digital-wallets-and-blockchain">The Future of Identity: Self-Sovereignity, Digital Wallets, and Blockchain</a> 2020-09 InterAmerican Development Bank
<blockquote>
<p>enables sovereignty for individuals over their digital assets and credentials -such as digital passports, digital diplomas, digital property titles, and tokenized currencies such as dollar, euro, pound, or pesos- using digital wallets that can take the form of a mobile app. Secondly, when the subject of these digital assets and credentials presents them to a third party to prove ownership, the third party does not need to reach out to the issuer to verify them, as they can go against a public, decentralized, and immutable registry, such as a blockchain network, where the cryptographic proofs of the asset or credential were registered and are maintained by the issuer in an standardized and trustable way.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://innovalor.nl/en/Blogs/self-sovereign-identity">The way towards self-sovereign identity</a> 2020-09-28 Ines Duits
<blockquote>
<p>This series of blogs focus on self-sovereign identity, SSI. This post explains where SSI originated from by giving a timeline of how digital identity has changed over the years. <a href="https://innovalor.nl/en/Blogs/what-is-self-sovereign-identity">In the second blog</a>, we focus on what SSI is exactly. In the third blog, give two examples of use cases (IRMA and Sovrin) where SSI plays an important role.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2020/08/authentic_digital_relationships.shtml">Authentic Digital Relationships</a> 2020-08 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Self-sovereign identity, supported by a heterarchical identity metasystem, creates a firm foundation for rich digital relationships that allow people to be digitally embodied so they can act online as autonomous</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://identitywoman.net/panel-at-rxc-digital-identity-a-look-ahead/">Panel at Radical Exchange on Future Digital Identity</a> 2020-08-03 IdentityWoman
<blockquote>
<p>Hosted by Kaliya Young this panel included Paula Burman form Democracy Earth and Supriyo Roy from Idena talking about the their different digital identity systems that are very future looking.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://trbouma.medium.com/next-stop-global-verification-network-69f14a6673ab">Next Stop: A Global Verification Network</a> 2020-11-22 Tim Bouma
<blockquote>
<p>The hardest part ahead is not the technology, it’s the wholesale re-conceptualization of what is required for a global verification network that puts the power of the network back into the endpoints that is you and me.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-07-02">July 2, 2023</time></p>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Guardianship">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Applying the developed models of guardianship, using the flexibility of Verifiable Credentials and the trusted mechanisms of sharing VCs, can provide the ability to add guardianship credentials into the travel process (or not) without breaking the existing approach and complicating the technical details defined in the Blueprint.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/guardianship/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Guardianship
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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</header>
<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<h2 id="main">Main</h2>
<ul>
<li>[Whitepaper] <a href="https://newsletter.identosphere.net/p/identosphere-138-new-wef-report-mef">On Guardianship in Self-Sovereign Identity</a> 2023-04 Sovrin
<blockquote>
<p>This paper, published by the Sovrin Guardianship Working Group, explores the guardianship relationship and how it fits in with the overall SSI “web of trust.” It presents risks, benefits and approaches to implementation of Guardianship for SSI use cases.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://trustoverip.org/blog/2021/11/24/lets-go-together/">Let’s Go - Together!: Does international travel only ever involve independent adults?</a> 2021-11-24 ToIP
<blockquote>
<p>Applying the developed models of guardianship, using the flexibility of Verifiable Credentials and the trusted mechanisms of sharing VCs, can provide the ability to add guardianship credentials into the travel process (or not) without breaking the existing approach and complicating the technical details defined in the Blueprint.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://thedinglegroup.com/blog/2020/11/30/guardianship-in-self-sovereign-identity">Guardianship In Self-Sovereign Identity</a> 2020-11-30 The Dingle Group
<blockquote>
<p>While there are long standing legal precedents and processes around the assignment, management and revocation of guardianships, these requirements were not met by existing digital identity management solutions. With SSI, this mechanism now exists. SSI can work in conjunction with traditional identity and credential management systems while being able to integrate into existing legal processes and provides a robust mechanism for revocation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://vimeo.com/482803989">Vienna Digital Identity Meetup #17</a> 2020-11-23 Digital Identity from Vienna
<blockquote>
<p>Guardianship is a complex topic, with many subtleties and layers […]  In this first event on this topic, Philippe has provided an overview of how SSI and Guardianship fit together and how SSI meets the lifecycle stages (Inception, Creation, Usage and Termination) of guardianship.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kyledenhartog.com/delegation-in-verifiable-credentials/">Common Delegation Patterns in the Verifiable Credential Ecosystem</a> 2021-06-22 Kyle Den Hartog
<blockquote>
<p>did you know that there are three ways in which you can utilize VCs and DIDs to enable delegation […] look to the <a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/zcap-ld/">ZCAP-LD data model</a> which is designed especially for these concepts.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/4G/_Guardianship_Showcase_-_The_Sovrin_Working_Group_Tech_Requirements_and_Implementation_Guidelines">Guardianship Showcase - The Sovrin Working Group Tech Requirements and Implementation Guidelines</a> 2021-05-06 John Phillips, Jo Spenser IDCommons, IIW
<blockquote>
<p>Sovrin is looking to promote the governance process and where guardianship fits in. The IdRamp wallet is an example of how the wallet could provide helpful features.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aGTPmlno3WScpSYMs1HLhWsrVRx9B-I0yhOQsRgmqRw/edit?usp=sharing">Guardianship, SSI, and the Sovrin Guardianship WG - Update for IIW #32</a>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Jurisdictions are essential [to Guardianship]</li>
<li>Work with existing laws</li>
<li>Build Guardianship on Verifiable Credentials</li>
<li>Build a mental model</li>
<li>Don’t build Guardianship [solely] on wallets</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/11I/_Identity_Escrow_-_Accountability_AND_Privacy">Identity Escrow - Accountability AND Privacy</a> 2021-05-06 Sam Curren, Ken Ebert, Suresh Batchu, Kiran Addepalli
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Can the escrow hold the “Proof of the information” as opposed to the information itself.</li>
<li>Mortgage Service - might seem to be an authorization to access the data directly or the issuer present directly.</li>
<li>What gets put into escrow is flexible.</li>
<li>Trigger event or a lockbox kind of capability. How is the claim released to relying parties? How does it eliminate mischief and false claims.</li>
<li>There needs to be some accountability on the service provider to claim false releases. Automation may not be able to completely eliminate false triggers, some level of human intervention for complex cases.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/20L/_Why_you_know_less_about_Guardianship_than_you_think_(because_we_ALL_know_less_about_Guardianship_than_we_think)">Why you know less about Guardianship than you think (because we ALL know less about Guardianship than we think)</a> 2021-05-06 Jo Spencer, John Phillips, Sterre den Breeijen <a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aGTPmlno3WScpSYMs1HLhWsrVRx9B-I0yhOQsRgmqRw/edit?usp=sharing">presentation</a>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>In 2019 the Sovrin Foundation published a whitepaper on Guardianship; transitioned into the Working Group</li>
<li>APAC and NA/EMEA WG meetings</li>
<li>2 key documents from the WG are going to be published by Sovrin Foundation - <a href="https://sovrin.org/a-deeper-understanding-of-implementing-guardianship/">https://sovrin.org/a-deeper-understanding-of-implementing-guardianship/</a></li>
<li>Implementation guidelines</li>
<li>Technical requirements</li>
<li>Why are we looking at Guardianship and SSI?</li>
<li>Guardianship is a part of life - we are rarely fully self-sovereign or independent</li>
<li>Guardianship is not a part of SSI at this moment - is a missing ingredient in our digital lives</li>
<li>The group thought guardianship was a simple concept</li>
<li>Small set of SSI building blocks …</li>
<li>Gap between use cases and requirements was too broad (see slides)</li>
<li>A mental model for guardianship was required (see IIW30 and IIW31 for further context)</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://sovrinid.medium.com/a-deeper-understanding-of-implementing-guardianship-9a8ab749db90">A Deeper Understanding of Implementing Guardianship</a> 2021-04-22 Sovrin Foundation
<blockquote>
<p>The first paper is called the <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vBePVx8n3MRDWcePkwVDya9ab4BHEyU_/view?usp=sharing">Guardianship Credentials Implementation Guidelines</a> and its purpose is to provide readers with the background they need to implement IT systems that support various kinds of guardianship. […]<br />
The second paper is called <a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M21PznPAd0H6z1t4ODl-jiEoXZjEhwcb/view?usp=sharing">Guardianship Credentials Technical Requirements</a> which was developed by the technical requirements working group within the SGWG. The purpose of this document is twofold: i) provide principles under which guardianship scenario designs and requirements are considered and defined; and ii) provide technical requirements for SSI solutions that offer the capability of guardianship.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1aGTPmlno3WScpSYMs1HLhWsrVRx9B-I0yhOQsRgmqRw/edit?usp=sharing">The Sovrin Working Group Tech Requirements and Implementation Guidelines</a> 2021-04-20 John Phillips, Jo Spenser
<blockquote>
<p>Sovrin is looking to promote the governance process and where guardianship fits in.  The IdRamp wallet is an example of how the wallet could provide helpful features.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-45146-4_8">Practical Verifiable Encryption and Decryption of Discrete Logarithms</a> 2003 Jan Camenisch &amp; Victor Shoup
<blockquote>
<p>This is the first verifiable encryption system that provides chosen ciphertext security and avoids inefficient cut-and-choose proofs. The presented protocols have numerous applications, including key escrow, optimistic fair exchange, publicly verifiable secret and signature sharing, universally composable commitments, group signatures, and confirmer signatures.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-07-02">July 2, 2023</time></p>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Most healthcare organizations are and should be, focused on their core business pursuits, such as patient care or processing insurance claims. Information security and identity management is not their core business, yet is a critical factor in compliant, secure business operations.">
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<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/healthcare/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Healthcare and Self Sovereign Identity
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8 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#project">Project</a></li><li><a href="#business">Business</a></li><li><a href="#policy">Policy</a></li><li><a href="#standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="#development">Development</a></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li><li><a href="#devices">Devices</a></li><li><a href="#mychart-thierchart">MyChart ThierChart</a></li></ul>
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<h2 id="explainer">Explainer</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gimrMbcj91A">Webinar: The Future of Self Sovereign Identity</a> 2021-12-21 Patientory Association, with Michael Merchant, Health Information Exchange; Jim Clair, LFPH; Kapil Bareja, Technical Governance Board
<blockquote>
<p>Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a movement that claims digital identity should be just as legitimate and nuanced as a person’s human identity, while being accessible to all, privacy-preserving, and not reliant on a single government or corporation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.dock.io/verifiable-credentials-set-to-revolutionize-health-and-safety-compliance/">Verifiable Credentials set to Revolutionize Health and Safety Compliance</a> 2021-11-05 Dock
<blockquote>
<p>By integrating with Dock and utilizing verifiable credentials, the process of verifying a workers qualifications goes from analysing paper-based certificates and calling each educational body to certify the legitimacy of it, to having the accreditations sitting in a tamper-proof digital wallet, with a digital signature signature from the issuing body certifying the legitimacy.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.htworld.co.uk/insight/decentralized-identity-verifiable-credentials-healthcare/">How decentralised identity &amp; verifiable credentials will transform the world of healthcare</a> 2021-08-20 HealthTech World
<blockquote>
<p>When a medical accrediting agency provides a digitally signed certificate, the healthcare practitioner and owner of that certificate holds the credential in a digital wallet. The details of the credential such as the time stamp in which the certificate was given and how long it is valid for, can be optionally held within a blockchain network, digitally linked to the certificate, this process is called ‘anchoring’.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://academy.affinidi.com/accessing-medical-records-anywhere-a-use-case-for-verifiable-credentials-81a248f9b746">Accessing Medical Records Anywhere</a> 2021-04-02 Affinidi
<blockquote>
<p>this workflow doesn’t involve any third-party to store your medical data and this also means no worry about medical data storage policies and the laws associated with it. The holder completely owns his or her medical data and stores it exclusively in his or her digital wallet, thereby making it secure and hassle-free.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Literature] <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7013398/">Distributed Ledger Technology for eHealth Identity Privacy: State of The Art and Future Perspective</a> 2020-01 NLM
<blockquote>
<p>In the decentralized trusted identity model, the identity provider still centralized and performs the user’s identity proofing based on trusted credentials like passports or driver licenses while uses the DLT to store the identity attestation for later validation by third parties services and trusted organizations as is shown in Figure 1b [46]. The decentralized trusted identity doesn’t use the concept of identity repository which is the slight difference from the SSI model, and the identity provider will provide the receiving entity a testimony on the validity of the data while all the credentials are encrypted and stored locally in the user phone.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="project">Project</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/gravity-earth/case-study-gravity-digital-id-solution-enables-vulnerable-migrants-in-kenya-to-receive-consistent-713a78f9e0d8">Case study: Gravity digital ID solution enables vulnerable migrants in Kenya to receive consistent healthcare services</a> 2022-04-27 Shiyao Zhang
<blockquote>
<p>For patients who have a smartphone, they can directly view and manage their medical credentials on their wallet application; for patients who are equipped with feature phones, they can interact with their credentials via a dedicated USSD menu; for those who don’t have a phone, the medical credentials will be stored in a printed QR code.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.brightlands.com/en/brightlands-smart-services-campus/brightlands-techruption-SSI-simplifies-medical-supply-orders">Simplify medical supply orders with SSI: Techruption innovation project</a> 2021-12-21 Brightlands
<blockquote>
<p>Participants in this co-creation use case were TNO, CZ, Rabobank and Accenture. The developed solution can be applied in other industries as well. For example in public services, which are often offered by a network of organisations that are all required to comply with high administrative standards.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://knowledge.wealize.digital/en/blog/blog/ssi-at-healthcare-industry">Self-Sovereign Identity and Blockchain in the Healthcare Industry</a> 2021-12-14 Wealize Digital
<blockquote>
<p>Healthcare is a key case-use of the SSI model employing blockchain given the significance and scalability of this sectoral. In this article, we give you details about a pilot project developed for the Andalusian Health Service in Spain to evidence the feasibility of a vaccination card according to the Alastria Self-Sovereign Identity system based on Blockchain technology.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://northernblock.io/patient-centric-identity-management-for-healthcare/">Patient-Centric Identity Management for Healthcare with Jim St-Clair</a> 2021-04-13 Northern Block
<blockquote>
<p>I began working with Lumedic in January of this year, specifically focused on digital identity standards, especially in self-sovereign identity, and also continuing to work in HL7. Lumedic is part of Providence Health Systems, and we play a very active role in several HL7 initiatives for health IT and data exchange. It’s very complementary to the work we’re doing with groups like Sovrin, the Trust over IP Foundation, and so on.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://ssimeetup.org/self-sovereign-identity-healthcare-dr-manreet-nijjar-webinar-21/">Self-Sovereign Identity in Healthcare by Manny Nijjar from truu.id</a> 2019-02-19 SSIMeetup <a href="https://www.slideshare.net/SSIMeetup/selfsovereign-identity-in-healthcare-by-manny-nijjar-from-truuid">presentation</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Dr Manreet Nijjar MB ChB MRCP (London) is the Co-founder &amp; CEO of truu.id Manny’s talk will cover the work his team has been doing on decentralised digital identity for medical professionals in the United Kingdom. He will take you through his personal journey that led him to break from being a doctor to focus fully on SSI and how it will solve healthcare problems not only at the individual level, but also nationally and globally.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="business">Business</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://auth0.com/blog/the-future-of-healthcare-relies-on-adaptation/">The Future of Healthcare Relies on Adaptation</a> 2021-10-14 auth0
<blockquote>
<p>Most healthcare organizations are and should be, focused on their core business pursuits, such as patient care or processing insurance claims. Information security and identity management is not their core business, yet is a critical factor in compliant, secure business operations.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="policy">Policy</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.pocketcred.com/post/member-as-api-the-interoperability-and-patient-access-final-rule-and-verifiable-credentials">“Member as API” - The Interoperability and Patient Access final rule and Verifiable Credentials</a> 2021-07-26 PocketCred
<blockquote>
<p>The Interoperability and Patient Access final rule (CMS-9115-F) delivers on the government’s promise to put patients first, giving them access to their health information when they need it most and in a way they can best use it. As part of the MyHealthEData initiative, this final rule is focused on driving interoperability and patient access to health information by liberating patient data using CMS authority to regulate Medicare Advantage (MA), Medicaid, CHIP, and Qualified Health Plan (QHP) issuers on the Federally-facilitated Exchanges (FFEs).</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/05/01/2020-07419/21st-century-cures-act-interoperability-information-blocking-and-the-onc-health-it-certification">21st Century Cures Act</a> 2020-05-01
<blockquote>
<p>This final rule implements certain provisions of the 21st Century Cures Act, including Conditions and Maintenance of Certification requirements for health information technology (health IT) developers under the ONC Health IT Certification Program (Program), the voluntary certification of health IT for use by pediatric health care providers, and reasonable and necessary activities that do not constitute information blocking. The implementation of these provisions will advance interoperability and support the access, exchange, and use of electronic health information. The rule also finalizes certain modifications to the 2015 Edition health IT certification criteria and Program in additional ways to advance interoperability, enhance health IT certification, and reduce burden and costs.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="standards">Standards</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://auth0.com/blog/what-smart-on-fhir-means-for-the-future-of-healthcare/">What SMART on FHIR Means for the Future of Healthcare</a> 2021-09-07 Auth0
<blockquote>
<p>The Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technologies (SMART) platform promises to solve these data fragmentation challenges by standardizing how patient data is accessed and shared. And given SMART’s inclusion in the <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/05/01/2020-07419/21st-century-cures-act-interoperability-information-blocking-and-the-onc-health-it-certification">21st Century Cures Act</a>, the platform will become the standard protocol for accessing electronic health records (EHRs) in the near future.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/21C/_Solving_Identity_Challenges_at_the_Intersection_of_Education_and_Healthcare">Solving Identity Challenges at the Intersection of Education and Healthcare</a> 2021-05-06 Kimberly Linson
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>We have to get to protocol/standards like we did with email</li>
<li>It will be messy and competitive with new players who emerge and offer more freedom</li>
<li>Those who can’t adapt will lose ground - need to be willing to let go</li>
<li>Messaging apps: Signal/What’s APp - PRESSURE…eventually someone will make it so that they work together and scoop up everyone’s business</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal/article/view/196">Technical Design and Development of a Self-Sovereign Identity Management Platform for Patient-Centric Healthcare Using Blockchain Technology</a> 2022-04-22 Blockchain Healthcare
<blockquote>
<p>Results: MediLinker allows users to store their personal data on digital wallets, which they control. It uses a decentralized trusted identity using Hyperledger Indy and Hyperledger Aries. Patients use MediLinker to register and share their information securely and in a trusted system with healthcare and other service providers. Results: MediLinker allows users to store their personal data on digital wallets, which they control. It uses a decentralized trusted identity using Hyperledger Indy and Hyperledger Aries. Patients use MediLinker to register and share their information securely and in a trusted system with healthcare and other service providers.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal/article/view/196/363">Technical Design and Development of a Self-Sovereign Identity Management Platform for Patient-Centric Health Care using Blockchain Technology</a> 2022-03-25 Daniel Toshio Harrell, Muhammad Usman, Ladd Hanson, Mustafa Abdul-Moheeth, Ishav Desai, Jahnavi Shriram, Eliel de Oliveira, John Robert Bautista, Eric T. Meyer, Anjum Khurshid Blockchain Healthcare Today
<blockquote>
<p>we leveraged the Hyperledger Indy blockchain framework to store patient’s decentralized identifiers (DIDs) and the schemas or format for each credential type. In contrast, the credentials containing patient data are stored ‘off-ledger’ in each person’s wallet and accessible via a computer or smartphone. We used Hyperledger Aries as a middleware layer (API: Application Programming Interface) to connect Hyperledger Indy with the front-end,</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blockchainhealthcaretoday.com/index.php/journal/article/view/122/144">Blockchain, Interoperability, and Self-Sovereign Identity: Trust Me, It’s My Data</a> 2020-01-03 Jim St. Clair, Ann Ingraham, Dominic King, Michael B. Marchant, Fletcher Cotesworth McCraw, David Metcalf, John Squeo
<blockquote>
<p>The current interoperability processes for data exchange result in fragmentation and lack of aggregation, impacting patient identity, consent management, and access management across stakeholders. Patients lack the ability to administer and transfer consent in managing their own data. Payers risk sharing data with partners without consent. And, providers have identified “pain points” in data sharing in consent management and care coordination.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="devices">Devices</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/11C/_Rugged_Identity:_resilience_for_Identity_of_Things_to_bad_latency,_signal,_power,_physical_integrity.">Rugged Identity: resilience for Identity of Things to bad latency, signal, power, physical integrity. Mars, war zones, bad neighbors, Great Firewalls.</a> 2021-05-06 Phil Wolff
<blockquote>
<p>Problem: So, what happens when you can’t call home to conduct an identity conversation? You’re on Mars and the latency is long. You’re in Haiti and the bandwidth is very limited during a storm. You’re in a war zone and your signal is noisy due to interference.</p>
<p>Rugged Identity is hoped-for resilience from very long latency, noisy signal, low bandwidth, interrupted connections, very low power computing and radio, power outages, and attacks on physical integrity like device tampering.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://wider.team/2020/12/23/2021ruggediomd/">In 2021, #RuggedIoMD becomes an #IIoT category</a> 2020-12-23 Wider Team
<blockquote>
<p>So there’s demand for a new category of IoT and #IoMD that survives and thrives despite these challenges. Very low power consumption. Lots of storage and caching to hold on through power outages. Ruggedized for use outside clinics. Easy and cheap to field-repair. Lots of smarts inside so they work without an internet tap. Many flavors of connectivity to exploit opportunities as they knock. Open sourced, the better to adapt to new and unplanned problems.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="mychart-thierchart"><del>MyChart</del> ThierChart</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blogs.harvard.edu/doc/2022/01/15/theircharts/">TheirCharts</a> 2022-01-15 Doc Searls
<blockquote>
<p>If you’re getting health care in the U.S., chances are your providers are now trying to give you a better <a href="https://www.epic.com/software#PatientEngagement">patient experience</a> through a website called MyChart.</p>
<p>This is supposed to be yours, as the first person singular pronoun My implies. Problem is, it’s TheirChart.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="KYC\AML and Self Sovereign Identity">
<meta itemprop="description" content="traditional KYC/AML practices can give way to a more practical framework, where businesses can remain compliant with regulations and collect data without threatening privacy, data security, and breaching data laws.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-06-15T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/kyc/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">KYC\AML and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
2 minute read
</span>
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<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<aside class="sidebar__right ">
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li><li><a href="#standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="#companies">Companies</a><ul><li><a href="#cde-services">CDE Services</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="explainer">Explainer</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kyc-chain.com/importance-of-an-integrated-kyc-solution-for-your-compliance-program/">Importance of an Integrated KYC solution for your compliance program</a> 2022-04-12 KYC-Chain
<blockquote>
<p>The way many businesses have traditionally implemented KYC is by taking a manual, fragmented approach – essentially implementing various different KYC processes using different tools, methods and resources, including human compliance teams.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://yourstory.com/2022/09/self-sovereign-identity-solve-challenges-kyc-finance/amp">How can self-sovereign identity solve the challenges of KYC in financial industry?</a> 2022-09 Yourstory
<blockquote>
<p>Since the same data is required and utilised by everyone, blockchain-based SSI can satisfy the demand for general service for data without creating competition while also adhering to legislation and consumer expectations around data protection.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.corporatescreening.com/blog/what-is-self-sovereign-identity-verification-and-how-is-it-changing-background-screening">Self-Sovereign Identity Verification and Background Screening</a> 2021 Corporate Screening
<blockquote>
<p>self-sovereign identity verification, one of the game-changing <a href="https://www.corporatescreening.com/2021-trends-interactive-infographic">background screening trends of 2021</a>. When combined with screening activities, self-sovereign identity solutions offer opportunities to obtain more accurate candidate background data and deliver it to employers faster.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cognitohq.com/enhanced-due-diligence-is-non-negotiable/">Enhanced Due Diligence How to do it Right</a> 2021-03-04
<blockquote>
<p>Both CDD and EDD are part of a complete KYC process. Identity verification (IDV) at the account-opening stage is one of the most critical moments in the process, but it doesn’t end there: read on to identify when your due diligence should kick up a notch.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.01237.pdf">Designing a Framework for Digital KYC Processes Built on Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity</a> 2021-11-11 Vincent Schlatt, Johannes Sedlmeir, Simon Feulner, Nils Urbach
<blockquote>
<p>We demonstrate how blockchain-based self-sovereign identity (SSI) can solve the challenges of KYC. We follow a rigorous design science research approach to create a framework that utilizes SSI in the KYC process, deriving nascent design principles that theorize on blockchain’s role for SSI.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2021/907">zkKYC: A solution concept for KYC without knowing your customer, leveraging self-sovereign identity and zero-knowledge proofs</a> 2021-07-05 Pieter Pauwels
<blockquote>
<p>The proposed solution concept, zkKYC, removes the need for the customer to share any personal information with a regulated business for the purpose of KYC, and yet provides the transparency to allow for a customer to be identified if and when that is ruled necessary by a designated governing entity (e.g. regulator, law enforcement). This approach breaks the traditional privacy vs. transparency trade-off and provides structured transparency, resulting in a net positive outcome for all parties involved.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="standards">Standards</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://openid.net/wg/ekyc-ida/">eKYC &amp; Identity Assurance WG</a> OpenID
<blockquote>
<p>Among the many dots Mark is connecting on behalf of the OpenID Foundation is work with the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation, the Open Identity Exchange Trust Framework Initiatives and the Open Banking Implementation Entity.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://identityunlocked.auth0.com/public/49/Identity%2C-Unlocked.--bed7fada/ad784008">“eKYC with Mark Haine”</a> 2021-03-10 Auth0, Identity Unlocked
<blockquote>
<p>In this episode of Identity. Unlocked, principal architect at Auth0 and podcast host, Vittorio Bertocci, invites guest Filip Skokan to have a conversation about a few three-letter extensions to OAuth (which, incidentally, would also fit well in a pirate incantation!): PAR, RAR, and JAR. Filip is a Senior Engineer II at Auth0, the author of a popular book on open source identification, and a contributor to both the IETF and the OpenID Foundation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="companies">Companies</h2>
<ul>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PWrZxRbCG88">DIDComm for KYC</a> 2021-05-25 Trustbloc
<blockquote>
<p>Demonstrates a financial “KYC” identity proofing using TrustBloc DIDComm capabilities. Stored credentials and real-time attestations can be authorized in a single flow.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="cde-services">CDE Services</h3>
<ul>
<li>[Real World] <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/age-verification-solution-truage-to-be-deployed-by-cde-services-inc-expanding-access-to-convenience-stores-nationwide-301597284.html">Age-Verification Solution TruAge to be Deployed by CDE Services, Inc., Expanding Access to Convenience Stores Nationwide</a> 2022-08-02 PRNewswire
<blockquote>
<p>“The convenience retailing industry conducts 165 million transactions a day and 50 million of them involve an age-restricted product. It is exciting to announce that TruAge will be implemented into thousands of stores that conduct age-restricted transactions,” said TruAge CEO Kyle McKeen.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-16">June 16, 2023</time></p>
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<h2 class="page__related-title">See Also</h2>
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<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/did-square.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
</article>
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<div class="grid__item">
<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="grid__item">
<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_zkp-cl-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="The digital and physical world are merging more than ever before. As the supply chain becomes more ‘phygital,’ innovative ways of sharing data – like using verifiable credentials – are helping to build more trust with data along the supply chain.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-06-17T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/supply-chain/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Supply Chains and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#main">Main</a></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li></ul>
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<h2 id="main">Main</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/transmute-techtalk/the-digital-supply-chain-of-the-future-79e9431aaa0d">The Digital Supply Chain of the Future</a> 2021-12-09 Nis Jespersen Transmute
<blockquote>
<p>There is no limit to what a DID can identify. The obvious examples are organizations and people, as explained above. They can also represent assets such as shipping containers, seals, boxes, vessels, or locations, and intangible concepts like bookings, agreements, transactions, or documents.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://nextlevelsupplychainpodwithgs1us.libsyn.com/the-phygital-future-of-the-supply-chain">The Phygital Future of the Supply Chain</a> 2022-09-21 Next Level Supply Chain Podcast with GS1
<blockquote>
<p>The digital and physical world are merging more than ever before. As the supply chain becomes more ‘phygital,’ innovative ways of sharing data – like using verifiable credentials – are helping to build more trust with data along the supply chain.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://nextlevelsupplychainpodwithgs1us.libsyn.com/visibility-20-creating-digital-consistency-in-an-international-supply-chain">Visibility 2.0: Creating Digital Consistency in an International Supply Chain</a> 2022-08-10 Next Level Supply
<blockquote>
<p>how can something as complicated as the international supply chain take fundamental trade practices and marry them with innovation so we can move at the speed of digitization? Join us for a mind-blowing discussion with Karyl Fowler, CEO at Transmute</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2022-07/WhitePaper_VerifiableCredentials-CBT.pdf">eDATA Verifiable Credentials for Cross Border Trade</a> 2022-07 UNECE UN/CEFACT White Paper
<blockquote>
<p>This paper describes a highly scalable operating model for digitisation and trust of cross border trade based on verifiable credentials, linked data, and decentralised identifiers. It provides national regulators with implementation guidance that will facilitate the following outcomes</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@Transmute/identity-terms-provide-value-along-the-supply-chain-how-we-know-when-to-buy-the-farm-738701967e3d">Identity Terms Provide Value along the Supply Chain: How We Know When to Buy the Farm</a> 2022-06-10 Jessica Tacka, Transmute
<blockquote>
<p>Supply chain credentialing in the form of bills of lading, certificates of origin, or letters of credit is used to protect honest parties and their merchandise from being confused with dishonest parties or entities that are engaged in unethical practices, such as environmental destruction, or forced labor.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/mavennet/the-missing-link-digitizing-supply-chains-with-portable-data-583b66acc9bc">The missing link: digitizing supply chains with portable data</a> 2021-05-17 Mavnet
<blockquote>
<p>The traceability vocabulary bridges the gap between existing record-keeping systems and the verifiable exchange of supply chain information across organizations envisioned by proponents of these data portability technologies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.hyperledger.org/blog/2020/05/07/how-digital-identity-empowers-consumers-and-producers-in-a-circular-supply-chain">How digital identity empowers consumers and producers in a circular supply chain</a> 2020-05-07 Hyperledger
<blockquote>
<p>The benefit is a circular supply chain that goes beyond where it started and creates a closer connection between consumers and small growers. Processors, distributors, wholesalers and retailers can trace product provenance, creating market differentiation for sustainability, food security and quality. The hope is that by aligning incentives through an immersive customer experience that fosters informed purchasing decisions, we can empower an inclusive economy that encourages the actions to mitigate environmental impact and benefit people.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.dock.io/post/supply-chain-fraud-blockchain">How to Prevent Supply Chain Fraud With Blockchain</a> 2023-05-01 Dock
<blockquote>
<p>The global <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/supply-chain-management-scm-market-size-worth--19-3-billion-globally-by-2028-at-9-02--cagr-verified-market-research-301540702.html">supply chain management market size</a> was valued at USD 10.1 Billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 19.3 Billion by 2028. Supply chain is the path for any product such as food, clothes, or appliances to go from where it was a produced, to distributors, procurement officers (quality inspections), and the market.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://insidesap.com.au/sap-pharma-solution-supports-supply-chain-compliance/">SAP Pharma Solution Supports Supply Chain Compliance</a> 2021-04-06 SAP
<blockquote>
<p>SAP has chosen an open, interoperable technology to validate all stakeholders in the pharma supply chain in order to provide customers with the best solution for compliance under the U.S. Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) requirements. The DSCSA also limits stakeholders’ interactions to ATPs.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://news.sap.com/2021/03/pharmaceutical-supply-chain-industry-pilot/">SAP Completes Pharmaceutical Industry Pilot to Improve Supply Chain Authenticity</a> 2021-03 SAP
<blockquote>
<p>today announced the completion of an industry-wide pilot utilizing self-sovereign identity (SSI) credentials to establish trust in the pharmaceutical supply chain for indirect trade relationships.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://vimeo.com/669713750">Identity in the Supply Chain</a> 2022-01-25 Vienna Digital Identity #30
<blockquote>
<p>GS1 is the global association for supply chain identifiers with members across all industry sectors and interacting (unbeknownst) with general consumer on a daily basis. Transmute a foundational member of the DID/VC community and a participant in the US DHS Silicon Valley Innovation Program’s cross-border shipping use case.</p>
<ul>
<li>Transmute Deck: <a href="https://www.thedinglegroup.com/s/Transmute_Vienna-Digital-ID-Forum-Jan-2022.pdf">thedinglegroup.com/s/Transmute_Vienna-Digital-ID-Forum-Jan-2022.pdf</a></li>
<li>GS1 Deck: <a href="https://www.thedinglegroup.com/s/2022-01-24_ViennaDigitalIdentityPhilA.pdf">thedinglegroup.com/s/2022-01-24_ViennaDigitalIdentityPhilA.pdf</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.spreaker.com/user/13158652/ep8-cbp-vincent-annunziato">CBP: Blockchain for Import Security with Vincent Annunziato</a> 2020-11-16 Federal Blockchain News
<blockquote>
<p>He is the Director of Transformation &amp; Innovation Division of the Customs and Border Patrol Office of Trade, talks about shaping blockchain technologies to make imports safer and more secure. CBP’s current projects include tracking steel, oil, and natural gas imports from Canada.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://annals-csis.org/proceedings/2022/pliks/194.pdf">Blockchain-Based Self-Sovereign Identity Approach for Inter-Organizational Business Processes</a> 2022-08-30 Annals
<blockquote>
<p>To address trust and privacy issues in IOBP, this paper presents a Blockchain-based Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) approach. The SSI concept is combined with a registry proof smart contract to provide an efficient privacy-preserving solution. The proposed approach is applied to the pharmaceutical supply chain case study and implemented on the Ethereum Blockchain</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356608292_Blockchain_and_Self_Sovereign_Identity_to_Support_Quality_in_the_Food_Supply_Chain">Blockchain and SSI Support Quality in Food Supply Chain</a> 2021-11 Luisanna Cocco, Roberto Tonelli, Michele Marchesi - Università degli studi di Cagliari
<blockquote>
<p>using standards that are WWW Consortium-compatible and the Ethereum Blockchain, ensures eligibility, transparency, and traceability of the certifications along a food supply chain, and could be an innovation model/idea that the companies that adopt the Open Innovation paradigm might want to pursue.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351575047_Providing_Assurance_and_Scrutability_on_Shared_Data_and_Machine_Learning_Models_with_Verifiable_Credentials">Providing Assurance and Scrutability on Shared Data and Machine Learning Models with Verifiable Credentials</a> 2021-05 Iain Barclay, Alun Preece, Ian Taylor, Swapna Radha
<blockquote>
<p>This paper introduces a software architecture and implementation of a system based on design patterns from the field of self-sovereign identity. Scientists can issue signed credentials attesting to qualities of their data resources. Data contributions to ML models are recorded in a bill of materials (BOM), which is stored with the model as a verifiable credential. The BOM provides a traceable record of the supply chain for an AI system, which facilitates on-going scrutiny of the qualities of the contributing components.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
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<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<h2 id="main">Main</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.idnow.io/blog/how-digital-identity-improves-passenger-journey/">Making travelling more seamless and relaxed</a> 2022-09-29 IDNow
<blockquote>
<p>Until now, we relied on physical id document such as ID cards <a href="https://www.idnow.io/mobility/driver-license-verification/">driving licenses to identify</a> ourselves in the real world as well as online. Digital attributes and credentials were solely used online. Digital identity wallets, like the <a href="https://www.idnow.io/products/identity-wallet/">IDnow Wallet</a>, are about to change that, as they are simultaneously addressing our digital and real-world requirements by bringing physical and digital credentials together.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.phocuswire.com/why-travel-should-care-about-self-sovereign-decentralized-id">WHY THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY SHOULD CARE ABOUT SSI AND DID</a> 2022-09-02 PhocusWire
<blockquote>
<p>As chair of the <a href="https://lists.identity.foundation/g/hospitalityandtravel">Hospitality and Travel Special Interest Group</a> within the Decentralized Identity Foundation, Price is one of the leading voices on how DID and SSI will impact all sectors of travel.</p>
<p>At <a href="https://www.phocuswrighteurope.com/">Phocuswright Europe</a>, [Nick] Price explains how this technology – and the trusted, permissioned, secure communication it enables -  will change the way suppliers and travelers interact and eliminate impediments that exist today.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.thecompanydime.com/sam-hilgendorf-self-sovereign-identification/">Op Ed: Sam Hilgendorf On The Role Of Self-Sovereign Identification In Travel</a> 2022-08-19 The Company Dime
<blockquote>
<p>With all the uses that have emerged for the Internet, I have systematically lost control of my identity. I started to review the retail websites where I created accounts; I counted 50 when I gave up. As a frequent business traveler, I have identity data in the form of profiles stored with suppliers, booking tools, review sites and more. These companies know even more about me than the typical retailer, as they have copies of my passport number and driver’s license, and even know when I am away from home.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.phocuswire.com/how-did-ssi-will-transform-travel-experience-market">How DID and SSI will Transform the Travel Experience Market</a> 2022-08-17 Phocuswire
<blockquote>
<p>Over time the evolution of DID/SSI is likely to be a travel industry game-changer, enabling travelers to manage their own personal information to maximize personal economic effect and protect personal privacy.</p>
<p>The DID/SSI effort is already gaining a foothold in the banking and medical industries. Like travel, these are sectors that need to engage with consumers of all types en masse while requiring proof of identity prior to the certified exchange of digital documents.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhudSVJOdrc">Drone Pilot Credentialing for Air Safety</a> 2022-07-21 TOIP
<blockquote>
<p>Discussed the approach and the implementation challenges of drone pilot credentialing for air safety using verifiable credentials at the July 21, 2022 Ecosystem Foundry Working Group of the Trust Over IP Foundation.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.biometricupdate.com/202201/businesses-desire-to-store-less-digital-identity-data-stokes-travels-ssi-brushfire">Businesses’ desire to store less digital identity data stokes travel’s SSI brushfire</a> 2022-01 BiometricUpdate
<blockquote>
<p>The potential use cases for self-sovereign identity to transform the travel industry are almost limitless, particularly with the impending arrival of <a href="https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/decentralized-identity-foundation/wg/did-comm/">decentralized identifier communications</a>, also known as DIDComm, attendees of a <a href="https://www.phocuswire.com/how-ssi-eliminates-friction-adds-control-for-travelers">PhocusWire</a> roundtable discussion on the role of SSI in the future of identity and travel at the Phocuswright Conference 2021 heard from an panel of digital identity experts.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.phocuswire.com/sounding-off-144-ssi-power-shift-in-travel">SOUNDING OFF: A MAJOR - AND OVERDUE - POWER SHIFT IS COMING TO TRAVEL</a> 2022-01-14 Phocuswire
<blockquote>
<p>When this comes to fruition – and not if, but when – it will be a transformative change, shifting power from travel suppliers to travelers themselves and giving travelers more choice, better personalization, lower friction and more security.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://centreforaviation.com/analysis/video/is-the-biggest-tech-change-for-travel-since-the-internet-and-mobile-the-shift-to-self-sovereign-identity-tech-1594">Is the biggest tech change for travel since the internet and mobile the shift to self-sovereign identity tech?</a> 2021-10-17 CAPA TV
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>What are some of the benefits of this new wave, such as reduced cybersecurity risk and enhanced travel experiences/personalisation?</li>
<li>Will this affect the way travel is distributed and paid for change?</li>
<li>What can players in the established travel eco-system expect?</li>
<li>When will we see this come about – where will we be by 2030?</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.biometricupdate.com/202110/airports-continue-to-deploy-biometrics-as-ssi-big-wave-approaches">Airports continue to deploy biometrics as SSI ‘big wave’ approaches</a> 2021-10 Biometric Update
<blockquote>
<p>TravelScrum Co-founder and Chairman Gene Quinn described self-sovereign ID (SSI) as “a big wave of change that’s coming,” and advised that organizations can “ride this wave by swimming at it, greeting it, and rolling gently over it as it heads to shore, or you can be caught in the shore-break and have it consume you later.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.webintravel.com/qa-the-potential-of-decentralized-digital-id-in-travel/">Q&amp;A: The Potential of Decentralized ID in Travel</a> 2021-08-09 WebInTravel
<blockquote>
<p>Since February he has also been the informal chair of the <a href="https://www.notion.so/dif/HOSPITALITY-TRAVEL-SIG-242105321e1747f8bce776bf634a55b3">Hospitality and Travel Special Interest Group</a>, a subset within the Decentralized Identity Foundation, an organization creating technical specifications and reference implementations for decentralized identity and working with industries for commercial applications of such technologies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Known_Traveller_Digital_Identity_Concept.pdf">WEF The Known Traveller Digital Identity Concept</a> 2018-01
<blockquote>
<p>A paradigm shift towards a Known Traveller Digital Identity concept will radically transform the way in which legitimate travellers are securely and seamlessly facilitated across borders and bring to life the ideas discussed in Digital Borders. The concept focuses on the use of traveller-managed digital identities, which will enable governments, in partnership with industry leaders and passengers, to conduct pre-vetting risk assessment and security procedures to enhance the seamless flow of travellers through borders. Security officials will redirect attention and resources to identifying threats, thus contributing to improved geopolitical security worldwide. The Known Traveller Digital Identity concept provides multiple applications for government and industry, across and beyond the travel and tourism sector, to provide more personalized and value-added services to travellers</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="projects">Projects</h2>
<ul>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExHEUpl9lKo">Traveller ID Ecosystem - ProofSpace x RateTiger Integration</a> 2022-08-31 ProofSpace
<blockquote>
<p>Guests can reclaim, re-use and protect their personal data, the “Traveller ID”, within the ecosystem of participating hotels.</p>
<p>The Traveller ID and other credentials in this solution are Atala PRISM Verifiable Credentials on Cardano blockchain - a global first for hospitality.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worlds-airports-and-leading-airlines-join-commontrust-network-and-begin-roll-out-of-commonpass-in-december-in-support-of-safer-border-reopening-301179752.html">World’s Airports And Leading Airlines Join CommonTrust Network And Begin Roll-out Of CommonPass</a> 2021-04-02 PRNewswire
<blockquote>
<p>The CommonTrust Network is enabled by a global network of labs, vaccine distributors, and health care providers that agree to provide individuals with digital access to their own health information using open, globally-interoperable standards (e.g. HL7 FHIR, W3C verifiable credentials).  The network includes hundreds of health systems covering thousands of locations in the United States and a growing network of labs and health care providers around the world.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="iata">IATA</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.idnow.io/pr/idnow-joins-accelerateiata/">IDnow joins Accelerate@IATA to shape the future of seamless air travel</a> 2022-08-13 IDnow
<blockquote>
<p>The goal of IATA One ID is to set industry standards that further streamline the passenger journey with digitalization of admissibility and a contactless process through secure biometric enabled identification.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/travel/iata-unveils-key-design-elements-of-travel-pass">IATA unveils key design elements of travel pass</a> 2021-01-05 Japan Today
<blockquote>
<p>The IATA Travel Pass three critical design elements:</p>
<ul>
<li>The IATA Travel Pass stores encrypted data including verified test or vaccination results on the mobile device of the traveler. The traveler controls what information is shared from their phone with airlines and authorities. No central database or data repository is storing the information. By keeping travelers 100% in control of their information, the highest standards for data privacy are ensured. IATA Travel Pass is also built on the highest standards of data protection laws, including General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR).</li>
<li>Global standards recognized by governments to ensure verified identity and test/vaccine information.</li>
<li>Convenience and biosafety will be enhanced with integration into contactless travel processes. The ICAO CART recommendations for biosafety include the use of contactless travel processes to reduce the risk of virus transmission when documents need to be exchanged in the travel process.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="tsa">TSA</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://findbiometrics.com/tsa-seeks-contractor-for-upgraded-passenger-identification-system-508302/">TSA Seeks Contractor for Upgraded Passenger Identification System</a> 2022-08-30 FindBiometrics
<blockquote>
<p>Essentially, the TSA wants a CAT2 system that confirms and displays passenger information, including flight reservation information and pre-screening status, to TSA operators, and that uses facial recognition to match travelers to their photo ID.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="apple">Apple</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/6/7/22522864/apple-wallet-iphone-airport-ids-hotel-key-card-ios-15-wwdc">You’ll soon be able to use your iPhone as ID at the airport: Apple Wallet is also getting support for hotel keys</a> 2021-06-07 The Verge
<blockquote>
<p>Apple has announced a forthcoming update to its Wallet app that will allow you to use your iPhone as digital identification in select US airports. The company showed how you’ll be able to scan your driver’s license or state ID in participating US states, which will then be encrypted and stored in the iPhone’s secure enclave. The company says it’s working with the TSA to enable the iPhone to be used as identification at airport security checkpoints.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-16">June 16, 2023</time></p>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Market signals, SSI trending, and the road to mainstream adoption.">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Three years and one pandemic later, the demand for cryptographically secure, privacy-respecting and machine-verifiable electronic credentials has grown and, as a result, governments are starting to wake up to VC’s potential.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-06-18T00:00:00+13:00">
<meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2023-06-19T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/application/trending-adoption/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Market signals, SSI trending, and the road to mainstream adoption.
</a>
</h1>
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9 minute read
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<i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu">
<li><a href="#ssi-trending">SSI Trending</a></li>
<li><a href="#on-adoption">On Adoption</a></li>
</ul>
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</aside>
<h2 id="ssi-trending">SSI Trending</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://trinsic.notion.site/trinsic/Global-Verifiable-Credential-Adoption-78c7e4c5f2a34a228a55d03db54ab399">Global Verifiable Credential Adoption</a> Trinsic (Notion)
<blockquote>
<p>🔥 This is a community resource for tracking the adoption of verifiable credentials around the world. Please have a look around and join 10+ others who have contributed!</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://explodingtopics.com/topic/self-sovereign-identity">Self-Sovereign Identity</a> Exploding Topics 2023-06-17 - up 4293% over 5 years.</li>
<li>
<a href="https://explodingtopics.com/topic/decentralized-identifier-1">Decentralized Identifiers</a> 2023-06-17 ExplodingTopics - up 2200% over 5 years</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/techniques/verifiable-credentials">Thoughtworks has graduated Verifiable Credentials into the “Trial” category of their technology radar map</a> 2023-04-26 Thoughtworks Technology Radar
<blockquote>
<p>When we first included it in the Radar three years ago, verifiable credentials (VC) was an intriguing standard with some promising potential applications, but it wasn’t widely known or understood outside the community of enthusiasts. This was particularly true when it came to the credential-granting institutions, such as state governments, who would be responsible for implementing the standards. Three years and one pandemic later, the demand for cryptographically secure, privacy-respecting and machine-verifiable electronic credentials has grown and, as a result, governments are starting to wake up to VC’s potential. The W3C standard puts credential holders at the center, which is similar to our experience when using physical credentials: users can put their verifiable credentials in their own digital wallets and show them to anyone at any time without the permission of the credentials’ issuer. This decentralized approach also helps users to better manage and selectively disclose their own information which greatly improves data privacy protection.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-top-trends-in-tech">New McKinsey Digital Trend</a> 2022-08-24
We went through the paywall so you don’t have to - SSI only mentioned once. From page 99»</li>
<li>New Encyclopedia entry <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/23650">Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI)</a> 2022-06-07 Scholarly Community Encyclopedia
<blockquote>
<p>Self-sovereign identity (SSI), a new concept, is becoming more popular as a secure and reliable identity solution for users based on identity principles. SSI provides users with a way to control their personal information and consent for it to be used in various ways. In addition, the user’s identity details are stored in a decentralized manner, which helps to overcome the problems with digital identity solutions.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/eic2022-centralized-decentralized-identity-converging-kuppinger/">EIC2022 Centralized &amp; Decentralized Identity converging</a> 2022-05-18 Martin Kuppinger
<blockquote>
<p>For me, the most relevant new topic and trend was to finally see the convergence of decentralized identities (DID) and traditional approaches on IAM starting. DID, also referred to as SSI (Self Sovereign Identity) or verifiable credentials, is a concept where the user has a wallet that holds proofs of identities and attributes. This could be an ID proof based on a government-issued ID card. It could be a proof of the employer that the user works in an organization in a certain role. It can be other proofs such as the drivers license, health cards, self-issued proofs, etc.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.nfcw.com/2022/01/31/375825/digital-identity-market-revenues-to-reach-us53bn-in-2026/">Digital identity market revenues to reach US$53bn in 2026</a> 2022-01-31 NFCW
<blockquote>
<p>Juniper’s Digital Identity: Key Opportunities, Regulatory Landscape &amp; Market Forecasts 2022-2026 report also identifies multimodal biometric authentication, digital onboarding — including single sign-on solutions and self-sovereign identity — as “growing trends” across the digital identity market.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.signicat.com/blog/2022-trends-and-predictions">Digital Identity Trends and Predictions for 2022</a> 2022-01-14 Signicat
<blockquote>
<p>What will be the buzzwords of 2022?</p>
<ul>
<li>Identity wallet</li>
<li>Decentralized identity</li>
<li>Web 3.0</li>
<li>Passwordless</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/webinar-recording-2021-redux-2022-trends-to-watch/">Webinar Recording – 2021 Redux/2022 Trends To Watch</a> 2022-01-24 Continuum Loop <a href="https://youtu.be/L-sdGA8h5-g">Video</a> <a href="http://www.continuumloop.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/webinar-13JAN2021-2021Review-2022Trends.png">Presentation</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Darrell talked about his top 5 stories from 2021:</p>
<ul>
<li>Good Health Pass
<ul>
<li><a href="https://trustoverip.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GHP_Interoperability_Blueprint.pdf">Interoperability Blueprint</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>SSI Book
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.manning.com/books/self-sovereign-identity">Self-Sovereign Identity</a> – Decentralized Digital ID and Verifiable Credentials</li>
<li><a href="https://thewalletwars.s3.amazonaws.com/The-Current-and-Future-State-of-Digital-Wallets-v1.0-FINAL.pdf">The Current and Future State of Digital Wallets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Governments slinging code
<ul>
<li>Data Sovereignty: <a href="https://youtu.be/L-sdGA8h5-g?t=832">UK</a> &amp; <a href="https://www.canada.ca/en/government/system/digital-government/digital-government-innovations/cloud-services/gc-white-paper-data-sovereignty-public-cloud.html#toc6">Canadian</a> governments have great policy pieces issued by respective governments on why open source helps and the concept of SSI.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/avast-to-acquire-evernym-301440885.html">Evernym Acquisition</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cheqd.io/blog/cheqd-launches-mainnet-network/">cheqd launch</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/digital-identity-trends/125013/">Top 5 digital identity trends injecting trust back into governance</a> 2021-11-29 Open Access Government
<blockquote>
<p>As early SSI use cases develop and legal and political institutions evolve, the reality of impactful, integrated SSI systems becomes more tangible. Such use cases include privacy-preserving vaccination certificates, digital identity wallets, and decentralised data verification and certification services that streamline processes like visa applications and workplace credential checks.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWy0rP8uTiU&amp;t=2406s">Is Self-Sovereign Identity Going Exponential?</a> 2021-10-27 Sybrin <a href="https://corporate.sybrin.com/webinar-SSI">Recap</a>
<blockquote>
<p>with <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/andrew-baker-b1357939/">Andrew Baker</a>, Head of EC2 Engineering at AWS, and <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/lohanspies/">Lohan Spies</a>, Chair of the <a href="https://sovrin.org/join-the-new-sovrin-steward-council/">Sovrin Steward Council</a>, they explore the concept of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) in detail, discussing what profound implications SSI will have and whether it is indeed the next game changer?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/review/list/11116469-sebastian-gebski?shelf=read">Sebastian Gebski’s Reviews &gt; Self-Sovereign Identity: Decentralized Digital Identity and Verifiable Credentials by Alex Preukschat, Drummond Reed</a> 2021-07-24 Goodreads
<blockquote>
<p>The authors do a lot to carefully describe all the hard concepts one by one, in order, w/o getting bound to any particular implementation. This is not easy and twice or thrice I made a mental note that “I’m missing X here, if I were him/her, I would write about Y”, but to my satisfaction, these deficiencies were always fixed in further chapters of the book.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://policyreview.info/archives/2021/issue-2">Volume 10, Issue 2 : Glossary of decentralized technosocial systems</a> 2021 Internet Policy Review
Self-sovereign identity Definition &lt;-its quite good
<blockquote>
<p>Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is rooted in the belief that individuals have the right to an identity independent of reliance on a third-party identity provider, such as the state or any other central authority. Its implementation requires the development of technical standards, as well as socio-political adaptations rooted in legal amendments in order to be successful.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-sovereign_identity">Self Sovereign Identity</a> Wikipedia (Needs Work)
<blockquote>
<p>It is generally recognized that for an identity system to be self-sovereign, users control the verifiable credentials that they hold and their consent is required to use those credentials. This reduces the unintended sharing of users’ personal data. This is contrasted with the centralized identity paradigm where identity is provided by some outside entity.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2020/12/18/how-verifiable-credentials-can-rebuild-trust-on-the-internet/">How Verifiable Credentials Can Rebuild Trust On The Internet</a> 2020-12-18 Forbes
<blockquote>
<p>Berners-Lee recently suggested that the web needs a midcourse correction. Part of that change involves making systems accountable and making it easy for users to find where information comes from. Verifiable credentials promise major strides in that direction.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20201120201821/https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/techniques?blipid=202005083">Thoughtworks put Decentralized Identity into the “Assess” category of their technology radar map</a> 2020-05-19 Thoughtworks Technology Radar
<blockquote>
<p>Adopting and implementing decentralized identity is gaining momentum and becoming attainable. We see its adoption in privacy-respecting customer health applications, government healthcare infrastructure and corporate legal identity.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-sovereign_identity">Self-sovereign identity</a> 2020-06 Wikipedia - WE have a wikipedia article!</li>
<li>
<a href="https://policyreview.info/open-abstracts/self-sovereign-identity">Self Sovereign Identity - A glossary of distributed technologies</a> 2020-05-18 Policy Review
<blockquote>
<p>Released by the Internet Policy Review Journal on Internet Regulations received an entry on Self-Sovereign Identity By Alexandra Giannopoulou &amp; Fennie Wang</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="on-adoption">On Adoption</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/decentralized-identity-schelling-point-sarah-baldeo-bsc-mba/">The Decentralized Identity Schelling Point</a> 2023-03-01 Sarah Baldeo
<blockquote>
<p>Back to the Schelling Point - communication requires a common language and understanding. As governments, banks, hospitals, etc. navigate how best to homogenize authenticating user identities in multiple contexts, solutions will depend on user adoption. Maximizing adoption requires avoiding a Schelling point by creating a shared, accessible, and evolving Decentralized Identity Lexicon.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://trustoverip.org/blog/2022/05/27/decentralized-identity-keys-to-mainstream-adoption/">Decentralized Identity: Keys to Mainstream Adoption</a> 2022-05-27 Trust Over IP
When it comes to decentralized identity solutions, many business sponsors do not yet understand how DCI can provide practical answers to immediate frontline business problems. This climate creates the impression that decentralized identity is interesting but not ready for prime time adoption.</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/Steve_Lockstep/status/1517861150129795072">I had a stab at why Cardspace failed, in</a> 2022-04-23 Steve Lockstep
<blockquote>
<p>“<a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2163241">Identities Evolve: Why Federated Identity is Easier Said than Done</a></p>
<p>Why does digital identity turn out to be such a hard problem? People are social animals with deep seated intuitions and conventions around identity, but exercising our identities online has been hugely problematic.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRmhIL9sdd0">Self-Sovereign Identities in Productive Systems - A Reality Check</a> 2021-11-25 Frankfurt School Blockchain Center
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Which use cases does SSI have?</li>
<li>What is the disruptive potential of SSI’s?</li>
<li>Which risks does the adoption of SSI pose?</li>
<li>What are the challenges and opportunities of SSI?</li>
<li>Where do the limitations of SSI lie?</li>
<li>How can SSI be incorporated into existing infrastructure?</li>
<li>Which steps need to be taken for the proliferation of SSI?</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AhXB9Kzzklg">IIW33 Session: Crossing the chasm ➔ Mass market adoption of SSI and VC</a> 2021-10-16 IAMX <a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/13B/_Crossing_the_chasm_-_mass_market_adoption_of_SSI_and_VC._What_is_needed_to_make_triangle_of_trust_work%3F">Session Notes</a>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>How to ➡ enable mass market adoption of SSI and VC?</li>
<li>Is the preservation of human rights the correct design-principle?</li>
<li>What is needed to make triangle of trust work?
a) How to design verifiable credentials ZKP and GDPR conform?
b) How to onboard verifiable credentials?
c) What are the use cases?</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/UbikomProject/status/1405945396208209932">Nice overview, somewhat questionable assumptions</a> 2021-06-18 UbikomProject
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/06/16/to-succeed-in-decentralizing-digital-identity-focus-on-relationships-first/?sh=6f133ef11824">To Succeed In Decentralizing Digital Identity, Focus On Relationships First</a> 2021-06-16 Forbes
<blockquote>
<p>when it comes to consumers of services, we need to think about identity in terms of building and maintaining trusted digital relationships. With adtech cookies in the regulatory crosshairs, and our research finding that 70% of consumers prefer apps that won’t sell their personally identifiable information, we can’t afford to think in terms of one-time purchases or disappointing experiences. Many consumers need to manage person-to-person and person-to-device relationships, too. We’re not alone in this connected world.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medium.com/@SSI_Ambassador/the-growth-factors-of-self-sovereign-identity-33aa3cc17ce7">The Growth Factors of Self Sovereign Identity</a> 2020-08-14 Adrian Doerk
<blockquote>
<p>The post details 5 components necessary for the advance of SSI: Business, Technology, User Experience, Compliance, and Governance.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.tuesdaynight.org/2018/06/15/why-self-sovereign-identity-will-get-adopted-and-its-not-the-reason-you-probably-want/">Why self-sovereign identity will get adopted (and it’s not the reason you probably want)</a> 2018-06-15 Tuesday Night
<blockquote>
<p>In the payment card world, there are clear guidelines on personal liability. $50 if you use credit and up to $500 for debit depending on when you report the issue. Based on that, different people choose to use different “systems.”</p>
<p>However, no such guidelines exist for the use of identity information (e.g. attributes.)</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://trinsic.id/owi-digital-forum-recap-the-rise-adoption-of-verifiable-credentials/">OWI Digital Forum Recap: The Rise &amp; Adoption of Verifiable Credentials</a> 2021-05-21 Trinsic
<blockquote>
<p>Riley went on to more specifically address where verifiable credentials are at in terms of adoption. About a year and a half ago, there was essentially zero real-world adoption. Today, there’s between 100,000-300,000 verifiable credentials being used by real end users. In the last 18 months, demand has skyrocketed and there have been strong adoption signals, but the adoption of verifiable credentials is still very early.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/darrello/status/1371457759779110912">Some early thinking about where #SSI is under @swardley model of Genesis -&gt; Custom -&gt; Product -&gt; Utility.</a> 2021-05-15 Darrell O’Donnell
<blockquote>
<p>We’ve come a long way, but we are still in the earliest of stages.
<img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EwhlfT-XEAE672y?format=jpg&amp;name=large" alt=""></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://sgershuni.medium.com/bullish-case-for-self-sovereign-identity-c2c26857f0ab">Bullish Case for Self-Sovereign Identity</a> 2021-03-01 Stepan Gershuni
<blockquote>
<p>This is the first part of the 2-part series covering self-sovereign identity technology. First part is covering the key problems that this technology is aiming to solve and how it is being achieved, and in the second part I’m focusing on the business model and go-to-market aspects.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medium.com/trinsic/4-keys-to-self-sovereign-identity-adoption-ad269b208569">4 Keys to Self-sovereign Identity Adoption</a> 2021-01-19 Trinsic
<blockquote>
<p>Many implementers won’t realize the potential of SSI until it’s deployed at scale, but in order to get to scale, we need implementers to realize value. It’s the classic chicken &amp; egg problem.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://nickbyrne.substack.com/p/the-challenge-for-self-sovereign">The challenge for self-sovereign identity (SSI)</a> 2020-09-10 Nick Byrne
<blockquote>
<p>The reason why we have seen less uptake in SSI solutions is because the people behind these solutions fail to recognise the design principles that will be most important to its success. Instead, we see people focusing on technological nirvanas like blockchain or an over-emphasis on governance.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-spring2018/blob/master/final-documents/a-roadmap-for-ssi.md">SSI: A Roadmap for Adoption</a> 2018-08-02 rwot-spring2018
<blockquote>
<p>This document proposes the formation of a short-term team to develop consistent messaging for the Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) market.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-19">June 19, 2023</time></p>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/did-square.webp" alt="">
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
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<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="grid__item">
<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
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<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_zkp-cl-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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var idx = lunr(function () {
this.field('title')
this.field('excerpt')
this.field('categories')
this.field('tags')
this.ref('id')
this.pipeline.remove(lunr.trimmer)
for (var item in store) {
this.add({
title: store[item].title,
excerpt: store[item].excerpt,
categories: store[item].categories,
tags: store[item].tags,
id: item
})
}
});
$(document).ready(function() {
$('input#search').on('keyup', function () {
var resultdiv = $('#results');
var query = $(this).val().toLowerCase();
var result =
idx.query(function (q) {
query.split(lunr.tokenizer.separator).forEach(function (term) {
q.term(term, { boost: 100 })
if(query.lastIndexOf(" ") != query.length-1){
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})
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resultdiv.empty();
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if(store[ref].teaser){
var searchitem =
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'<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">'+
'<h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">'+
'<a href="'+store[ref].url+'" rel="permalink">'+store[ref].title+'</a>'+
'</h2>'+
'<div class="archive__item-teaser">'+
'<img src="'+store[ref].teaser+'" alt="">'+
'</div>'+
'<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">'+store[ref].excerpt.split(" ").splice(0,20).join(" ")+'...</p>'+
'</article>'+
'</div>';
}
else{
var searchitem =
'<div class="list__item">'+
'<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">'+
'<h2 class="archive__item-title" itemprop="headline">'+
'<a href="'+store[ref].url+'" rel="permalink">'+store[ref].title+'</a>'+
'</h2>'+
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step1list = new Array();
step1list["ΦΑΓΙΑ"] = "ΦΑ";
step1list["ΦΑΓΙΟΥ"] = "ΦΑ";
step1list["ΦΑΓΙΩΝ"] = "ΦΑ";
step1list["ΣΚΑΓΙΑ"] = "ΣΚΑ";
step1list["ΣΚΑΓΙΟΥ"] = "ΣΚΑ";
step1list["ΣΚΑΓΙΩΝ"] = "ΣΚΑ";
step1list["ΟΛΟΓΙΟΥ"] = "ΟΛΟ";
step1list["ΟΛΟΓΙΑ"] = "ΟΛΟ";
step1list["ΟΛΟΓΙΩΝ"] = "ΟΛΟ";
step1list["ΣΟΓΙΟΥ"] = "ΣΟ";
step1list["ΣΟΓΙΑ"] = "ΣΟ";
step1list["ΣΟΓΙΩΝ"] = "ΣΟ";
step1list["ΤΑΤΟΓΙΑ"] = "ΤΑΤΟ";
step1list["ΤΑΤΟΓΙΟΥ"] = "ΤΑΤΟ";
step1list["ΤΑΤΟΓΙΩΝ"] = "ΤΑΤΟ";
step1list["ΚΡΕΑΣ"] = "ΚΡΕ";
step1list["ΚΡΕΑΤΟΣ"] = "ΚΡΕ";
step1list["ΚΡΕΑΤΑ"] = "ΚΡΕ";
step1list["ΚΡΕΑΤΩΝ"] = "ΚΡΕ";
step1list["ΠΕΡΑΣ"] = "ΠΕΡ";
step1list["ΠΕΡΑΤΟΣ"] = "ΠΕΡ";
step1list["ΠΕΡΑΤΑ"] = "ΠΕΡ";
step1list["ΠΕΡΑΤΩΝ"] = "ΠΕΡ";
step1list["ΤΕΡΑΣ"] = "ΤΕΡ";
step1list["ΤΕΡΑΤΟΣ"] = "ΤΕΡ";
step1list["ΤΕΡΑΤΑ"] = "ΤΕΡ";
step1list["ΤΕΡΑΤΩΝ"] = "ΤΕΡ";
step1list["ΦΩΣ"] = "ΦΩ";
step1list["ΦΩΤΟΣ"] = "ΦΩ";
step1list["ΦΩΤΑ"] = "ΦΩ";
step1list["ΦΩΤΩΝ"] = "ΦΩ";
step1list["ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΣ"] = "ΚΑΘΕΣΤ";
step1list["ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΟΣ"] = "ΚΑΘΕΣΤ";
step1list["ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΑ"] = "ΚΑΘΕΣΤ";
step1list["ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ"] = "ΚΑΘΕΣΤ";
step1list["ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ"] = "ΓΕΓΟΝ";
step1list["ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΟΣ"] = "ΓΕΓΟΝ";
step1list["ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ"] = "ΓΕΓΟΝ";
step1list["ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ"] = "ΓΕΓΟΝ";
v = "[ΑΕΗΙΟΥΩ]";
v2 = "[ΑΕΗΙΟΩ]"
function stemWord(w) {
var stem;
var suffix;
var firstch;
var origword = w;
test1 = new Boolean(true);
if(w.length < 4) {
return w;
}
var re;
var re2;
var re3;
var re4;
re = /(.*)(ΦΑΓΙΑ|ΦΑΓΙΟΥ|ΦΑΓΙΩΝ|ΣΚΑΓΙΑ|ΣΚΑΓΙΟΥ|ΣΚΑΓΙΩΝ|ΟΛΟΓΙΟΥ|ΟΛΟΓΙΑ|ΟΛΟΓΙΩΝ|ΣΟΓΙΟΥ|ΣΟΓΙΑ|ΣΟΓΙΩΝ|ΤΑΤΟΓΙΑ|ΤΑΤΟΓΙΟΥ|ΤΑΤΟΓΙΩΝ|ΚΡΕΑΣ|ΚΡΕΑΤΟΣ|ΚΡΕΑΤΑ|ΚΡΕΑΤΩΝ|ΠΕΡΑΣ|ΠΕΡΑΤΟΣ|ΠΕΡΑΤΑ|ΠΕΡΑΤΩΝ|ΤΕΡΑΣ|ΤΕΡΑΤΟΣ|ΤΕΡΑΤΑ|ΤΕΡΑΤΩΝ|ΦΩΣ|ΦΩΤΟΣ|ΦΩΤΑ|ΦΩΤΩΝ|ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΣ|ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΟΣ|ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΑ|ΚΑΘΕΣΤΩΤΩΝ|ΓΕΓΟΝΟΣ|ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΟΣ|ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΑ|ΓΕΓΟΝΟΤΩΝ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
suffix = fp[2];
w = stem + step1list[suffix];
test1 = false;
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΑΔΕΣ|ΑΔΩΝ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
reg1 = /(ΟΚ|ΜΑΜ|ΜΑΝ|ΜΠΑΜΠ|ΠΑΤΕΡ|ΓΙΑΓΙ|ΝΤΑΝΤ|ΚΥΡ|ΘΕΙ|ΠΕΘΕΡ)$/;
if(!(reg1.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΑΔ";
}
}
re2 = /^(.+?)(ΕΔΕΣ|ΕΔΩΝ)$/;
if(re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
exept2 = /(ΟΠ|ΙΠ|ΕΜΠ|ΥΠ|ΓΗΠ|ΔΑΠ|ΚΡΑΣΠ|ΜΙΛ)$/;
if(exept2.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΕΔ";
}
}
re3 = /^(.+?)(ΟΥΔΕΣ|ΟΥΔΩΝ)$/;
if(re3.test(w)) {
var fp = re3.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
exept3 = /(ΑΡΚ|ΚΑΛΙΑΚ|ΠΕΤΑΛ|ΛΙΧ|ΠΛΕΞ|ΣΚ|Σ|ΦΛ|ΦΡ|ΒΕΛ|ΛΟΥΛ|ΧΝ|ΣΠ|ΤΡΑΓ|ΦΕ)$/;
if(exept3.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΟΥΔ";
}
}
re4 = /^(.+?)(ΕΩΣ|ΕΩΝ)$/;
if(re4.test(w)) {
var fp = re4.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept4 = /^(Θ|Δ|ΕΛ|ΓΑΛ|Ν|Π|ΙΔ|ΠΑΡ)$/;
if(exept4.test(w)) {
w = w + "Ε";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΙΑ|ΙΟΥ|ΙΩΝ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
re2 = new RegExp(v + "$");
test1 = false;
if(re2.test(w)) {
w = stem + "Ι";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΙΚΑ|ΙΚΟ|ΙΚΟΥ|ΙΚΩΝ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
re2 = new RegExp(v + "$");
exept5 = /^(ΑΛ|ΑΔ|ΕΝΔ|ΑΜΑΝ|ΑΜΜΟΧΑΛ|ΗΘ|ΑΝΗΘ|ΑΝΤΙΔ|ΦΥΣ|ΒΡΩΜ|ΓΕΡ|ΕΞΩΔ|ΚΑΛΠ|ΚΑΛΛΙΝ|ΚΑΤΑΔ|ΜΟΥΛ|ΜΠΑΝ|ΜΠΑΓΙΑΤ|ΜΠΟΛ|ΜΠΟΣ|ΝΙΤ|ΞΙΚ|ΣΥΝΟΜΗΛ|ΠΕΤΣ|ΠΙΤΣ|ΠΙΚΑΝΤ|ΠΛΙΑΤΣ|ΠΟΣΤΕΛΝ|ΠΡΩΤΟΔ|ΣΕΡΤ|ΣΥΝΑΔ|ΤΣΑΜ|ΥΠΟΔ|ΦΙΛΟΝ|ΦΥΛΟΔ|ΧΑΣ)$/;
if((exept5.test(w)) || (re2.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΙΚ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΑΜΕ)$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(ΑΓΑΜΕ|ΗΣΑΜΕ|ΟΥΣΑΜΕ|ΗΚΑΜΕ|ΗΘΗΚΑΜΕ)$/;
if(w == "ΑΓΑΜΕ") {
w = "ΑΓΑΜ";
}
if(re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
}
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept6 = /^(ΑΝΑΠ|ΑΠΟΘ|ΑΠΟΚ|ΑΠΟΣΤ|ΒΟΥΒ|ΞΕΘ|ΟΥΛ|ΠΕΘ|ΠΙΚΡ|ΠΟΤ|ΣΙΧ|Χ)$/;
if(exept6.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΑΜ";
}
}
re2 = /^(.+?)(ΑΝΕ)$/;
re3 = /^(.+?)(ΑΓΑΝΕ|ΗΣΑΝΕ|ΟΥΣΑΝΕ|ΙΟΝΤΑΝΕ|ΙΟΤΑΝΕ|ΙΟΥΝΤΑΝΕ|ΟΝΤΑΝΕ|ΟΤΑΝΕ|ΟΥΝΤΑΝΕ|ΗΚΑΝΕ|ΗΘΗΚΑΝΕ)$/;
if(re3.test(w)) {
var fp = re3.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
re3 = /^(ΤΡ|ΤΣ)$/;
if(re3.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΑΓΑΝ";
}
}
if(re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
re2 = new RegExp(v2 + "$");
exept7 = /^(ΒΕΤΕΡ|ΒΟΥΛΚ|ΒΡΑΧΜ|Γ|ΔΡΑΔΟΥΜ|Θ|ΚΑΛΠΟΥΖ|ΚΑΣΤΕΛ|ΚΟΡΜΟΡ|ΛΑΟΠΛ|ΜΩΑΜΕΘ|Μ|ΜΟΥΣΟΥΛΜ|Ν|ΟΥΛ|Π|ΠΕΛΕΚ|ΠΛ|ΠΟΛΙΣ|ΠΟΡΤΟΛ|ΣΑΡΑΚΑΤΣ|ΣΟΥΛΤ|ΤΣΑΡΛΑΤ|ΟΡΦ|ΤΣΙΓΓ|ΤΣΟΠ|ΦΩΤΟΣΤΕΦ|Χ|ΨΥΧΟΠΛ|ΑΓ|ΟΡΦ|ΓΑΛ|ΓΕΡ|ΔΕΚ|ΔΙΠΛ|ΑΜΕΡΙΚΑΝ|ΟΥΡ|ΠΙΘ|ΠΟΥΡΙΤ|Σ|ΖΩΝΤ|ΙΚ|ΚΑΣΤ|ΚΟΠ|ΛΙΧ|ΛΟΥΘΗΡ|ΜΑΙΝΤ|ΜΕΛ|ΣΙΓ|ΣΠ|ΣΤΕΓ|ΤΡΑΓ|ΤΣΑΓ|Φ|ΕΡ|ΑΔΑΠ|ΑΘΙΓΓ|ΑΜΗΧ|ΑΝΙΚ|ΑΝΟΡΓ|ΑΠΗΓ|ΑΠΙΘ|ΑΤΣΙΓΓ|ΒΑΣ|ΒΑΣΚ|ΒΑΘΥΓΑΛ|ΒΙΟΜΗΧ|ΒΡΑΧΥΚ|ΔΙΑΤ|ΔΙΑΦ|ΕΝΟΡΓ|ΘΥΣ|ΚΑΠΝΟΒΙΟΜΗΧ|ΚΑΤΑΓΑΛ|ΚΛΙΒ|ΚΟΙΛΑΡΦ|ΛΙΒ|ΜΕΓΛΟΒΙΟΜΗΧ|ΜΙΚΡΟΒΙΟΜΗΧ|ΝΤΑΒ|ΞΗΡΟΚΛΙΒ|ΟΛΙΓΟΔΑΜ|ΟΛΟΓΑΛ|ΠΕΝΤΑΡΦ|ΠΕΡΗΦ|ΠΕΡΙΤΡ|ΠΛΑΤ|ΠΟΛΥΔΑΠ|ΠΟΛΥΜΗΧ|ΣΤΕΦ|ΤΑΒ|ΤΕΤ|ΥΠΕΡΗΦ|ΥΠΟΚΟΠ|ΧΑΜΗΛΟΔΑΠ|ΨΗΛΟΤΑΒ)$/;
if((re2.test(w)) || (exept7.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΑΝ";
}
}
re3 = /^(.+?)(ΕΤΕ)$/;
re4 = /^(.+?)(ΗΣΕΤΕ)$/;
if(re4.test(w)) {
var fp = re4.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
}
if(re3.test(w)) {
var fp = re3.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
re3 = new RegExp(v2 + "$");
exept8 = /(ΟΔ|ΑΙΡ|ΦΟΡ|ΤΑΘ|ΔΙΑΘ|ΣΧ|ΕΝΔ|ΕΥΡ|ΤΙΘ|ΥΠΕΡΘ|ΡΑΘ|ΕΝΘ|ΡΟΘ|ΣΘ|ΠΥΡ|ΑΙΝ|ΣΥΝΔ|ΣΥΝ|ΣΥΝΘ|ΧΩΡ|ΠΟΝ|ΒΡ|ΚΑΘ|ΕΥΘ|ΕΚΘ|ΝΕΤ|ΡΟΝ|ΑΡΚ|ΒΑΡ|ΒΟΛ|ΩΦΕΛ)$/;
exept9 = /^(ΑΒΑΡ|ΒΕΝ|ΕΝΑΡ|ΑΒΡ|ΑΔ|ΑΘ|ΑΝ|ΑΠΛ|ΒΑΡΟΝ|ΝΤΡ|ΣΚ|ΚΟΠ|ΜΠΟΡ|ΝΙΦ|ΠΑΓ|ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛ|ΣΕΡΠ|ΣΚΕΛ|ΣΥΡΦ|ΤΟΚ|Υ|Δ|ΕΜ|ΘΑΡΡ|Θ)$/;
if((re3.test(w)) || (exept8.test(w)) || (exept9.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΕΤ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΟΝΤΑΣ|ΩΝΤΑΣ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept10 = /^(ΑΡΧ)$/;
exept11 = /(ΚΡΕ)$/;
if(exept10.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΟΝΤ";
}
if(exept11.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΩΝΤ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΟΜΑΣΤΕ|ΙΟΜΑΣΤΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept11 = /^(ΟΝ)$/;
if(exept11.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΟΜΑΣΤ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΕΣΤΕ)$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(ΙΕΣΤΕ)$/;
if(re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
re2 = /^(Π|ΑΠ|ΣΥΜΠ|ΑΣΥΜΠ|ΑΚΑΤΑΠ|ΑΜΕΤΑΜΦ)$/;
if(re2.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΙΕΣΤ";
}
}
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept12 = /^(ΑΛ|ΑΡ|ΕΚΤΕΛ|Ζ|Μ|Ξ|ΠΑΡΑΚΑΛ|ΑΡ|ΠΡΟ|ΝΙΣ)$/;
if(exept12.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΕΣΤ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΗΚΑ|ΗΚΕΣ|ΗΚΕ)$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(ΗΘΗΚΑ|ΗΘΗΚΕΣ|ΗΘΗΚΕ)$/;
if(re2.test(w)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
}
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept13 = /(ΣΚΩΛ|ΣΚΟΥΛ|ΝΑΡΘ|ΣΦ|ΟΘ|ΠΙΘ)$/;
exept14 = /^(ΔΙΑΘ|Θ|ΠΑΡΑΚΑΤΑΘ|ΠΡΟΣΘ|ΣΥΝΘ|)$/;
if((exept13.test(w)) || (exept14.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΗΚ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΟΥΣΑ|ΟΥΣΕΣ|ΟΥΣΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept15 = /^(ΦΑΡΜΑΚ|ΧΑΔ|ΑΓΚ|ΑΝΑΡΡ|ΒΡΟΜ|ΕΚΛΙΠ|ΛΑΜΠΙΔ|ΛΕΧ|Μ|ΠΑΤ|Ρ|Λ|ΜΕΔ|ΜΕΣΑΖ|ΥΠΟΤΕΙΝ|ΑΜ|ΑΙΘ|ΑΝΗΚ|ΔΕΣΠΟΖ|ΕΝΔΙΑΦΕΡ|ΔΕ|ΔΕΥΤΕΡΕΥ|ΚΑΘΑΡΕΥ|ΠΛΕ|ΤΣΑ)$/;
exept16 = /(ΠΟΔΑΡ|ΒΛΕΠ|ΠΑΝΤΑΧ|ΦΡΥΔ|ΜΑΝΤΙΛ|ΜΑΛΛ|ΚΥΜΑΤ|ΛΑΧ|ΛΗΓ|ΦΑΓ|ΟΜ|ΠΡΩΤ)$/;
if((exept15.test(w)) || (exept16.test(w))) {
w = w + "ΟΥΣ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΑΓΑ|ΑΓΕΣ|ΑΓΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept17 = /^(ΨΟΦ|ΝΑΥΛΟΧ)$/;
exept20 = /(ΚΟΛΛ)$/;
exept18 = /^(ΑΒΑΣΤ|ΠΟΛΥΦ|ΑΔΗΦ|ΠΑΜΦ|Ρ|ΑΣΠ|ΑΦ|ΑΜΑΛ|ΑΜΑΛΛΙ|ΑΝΥΣΤ|ΑΠΕΡ|ΑΣΠΑΡ|ΑΧΑΡ|ΔΕΡΒΕΝ|ΔΡΟΣΟΠ|ΞΕΦ|ΝΕΟΠ|ΝΟΜΟΤ|ΟΛΟΠ|ΟΜΟΤ|ΠΡΟΣΤ|ΠΡΟΣΩΠΟΠ|ΣΥΜΠ|ΣΥΝΤ|Τ|ΥΠΟΤ|ΧΑΡ|ΑΕΙΠ|ΑΙΜΟΣΤ|ΑΝΥΠ|ΑΠΟΤ|ΑΡΤΙΠ|ΔΙΑΤ|ΕΝ|ΕΠΙΤ|ΚΡΟΚΑΛΟΠ|ΣΙΔΗΡΟΠ|Λ|ΝΑΥ|ΟΥΛΑΜ|ΟΥΡ|Π|ΤΡ|Μ)$/;
exept19 = /(ΟΦ|ΠΕΛ|ΧΟΡΤ|ΛΛ|ΣΦ|ΡΠ|ΦΡ|ΠΡ|ΛΟΧ|ΣΜΗΝ)$/;
if(((exept18.test(w)) || (exept19.test(w))) && !((exept17.test(w)) || (exept20.test(w)))) {
w = w + "ΑΓ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΗΣΕ|ΗΣΟΥ|ΗΣΑ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept21 = /^(Ν|ΧΕΡΣΟΝ|ΔΩΔΕΚΑΝ|ΕΡΗΜΟΝ|ΜΕΓΑΛΟΝ|ΕΠΤΑΝ)$/;
if(exept21.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΗΣ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΗΣΤΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept22 = /^(ΑΣΒ|ΣΒ|ΑΧΡ|ΧΡ|ΑΠΛ|ΑΕΙΜΝ|ΔΥΣΧΡ|ΕΥΧΡ|ΚΟΙΝΟΧΡ|ΠΑΛΙΜΨ)$/;
if(exept22.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΗΣΤ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΟΥΝΕ|ΗΣΟΥΝΕ|ΗΘΟΥΝΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept23 = /^(Ν|Ρ|ΣΠΙ|ΣΤΡΑΒΟΜΟΥΤΣ|ΚΑΚΟΜΟΥΤΣ|ΕΞΩΝ)$/;
if(exept23.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΟΥΝ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΟΥΜΕ|ΗΣΟΥΜΕ|ΗΘΟΥΜΕ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
test1 = false;
exept24 = /^(ΠΑΡΑΣΟΥΣ|Φ|Χ|ΩΡΙΟΠΛ|ΑΖ|ΑΛΛΟΣΟΥΣ|ΑΣΟΥΣ)$/;
if(exept24.test(w)) {
w = w + "ΟΥΜ";
}
}
re = /^(.+?)(ΜΑΤΑ|ΜΑΤΩΝ|ΜΑΤΟΣ)$/;
re2 = /^(.+?)(Α|ΑΓΑΤΕ|ΑΓΑΝ|ΑΕΙ|ΑΜΑΙ|ΑΝ|ΑΣ|ΑΣΑΙ|ΑΤΑΙ|ΑΩ|Ε|ΕΙ|ΕΙΣ|ΕΙΤΕ|ΕΣΑΙ|ΕΣ|ΕΤΑΙ|Ι|ΙΕΜΑΙ|ΙΕΜΑΣΤΕ|ΙΕΤΑΙ|ΙΕΣΑΙ|ΙΕΣΑΣΤΕ|ΙΟΜΑΣΤΑΝ|ΙΟΜΟΥΝ|ΙΟΜΟΥΝΑ|ΙΟΝΤΑΝ|ΙΟΝΤΟΥΣΑΝ|ΙΟΣΑΣΤΑΝ|ΙΟΣΑΣΤΕ|ΙΟΣΟΥΝ|ΙΟΣΟΥΝΑ|ΙΟΤΑΝ|ΙΟΥΜΑ|ΙΟΥΜΑΣΤΕ|ΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ|ΙΟΥΝΤΑΝ|Η|ΗΔΕΣ|ΗΔΩΝ|ΗΘΕΙ|ΗΘΕΙΣ|ΗΘΕΙΤΕ|ΗΘΗΚΑΤΕ|ΗΘΗΚΑΝ|ΗΘΟΥΝ|ΗΘΩ|ΗΚΑΤΕ|ΗΚΑΝ|ΗΣ|ΗΣΑΝ|ΗΣΑΤΕ|ΗΣΕΙ|ΗΣΕΣ|ΗΣΟΥΝ|ΗΣΩ|Ο|ΟΙ|ΟΜΑΙ|ΟΜΑΣΤΑΝ|ΟΜΟΥΝ|ΟΜΟΥΝΑ|ΟΝΤΑΙ|ΟΝΤΑΝ|ΟΝΤΟΥΣΑΝ|ΟΣ|ΟΣΑΣΤΑΝ|ΟΣΑΣΤΕ|ΟΣΟΥΝ|ΟΣΟΥΝΑ|ΟΤΑΝ|ΟΥ|ΟΥΜΑΙ|ΟΥΜΑΣΤΕ|ΟΥΝ|ΟΥΝΤΑΙ|ΟΥΝΤΑΝ|ΟΥΣ|ΟΥΣΑΝ|ΟΥΣΑΤΕ|Υ|ΥΣ|Ω|ΩΝ)$/;
if(re.test(w)) {
var fp = re.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem + "ΜΑ";
}
if((re2.test(w)) && (test1)) {
var fp = re2.exec(w);
stem = fp[1];
w = stem;
}
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"excerpt":"Protocol, Governance, Education, Ecosystem @Delpadschnick CryptoDesign.io Main Hyperledger Indy - Distributed Ledger and Utility Library - Twitter - Chat - Forum - Wiki - Documentation Hyperledger Indy provides tools, libraries, and reusable components for providing digital identities rooted on blockchains or other distributed ledgers so that they are interoperable across...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
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"excerpt":"About Self Sovereign Identity The Off Chain Internet: Decentralized Identity &amp; Verifiable Credentials - Evin McMullen 2022-02-19 ETH Denver FANTASTIC NEW TALK!!!! i’m excited to share with you a little bit more about the web 3 beyond the chain. Public ledgers are where we hang out most of the time,...","categories": ["About"],
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"title": "Governments and Decentralized Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer It’s time for digital self-sovereign identity 2022-08 GCN But while digital IDs may offer residents convenience, they also open the flood gates for fraud and identity theft. That’s because to verify an individual’s information, agencies and businesses must collect, validate and store massive amounts of personal information. These large caches...","categories": ["Government"],
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"excerpt":"Ultimately, the idea is to put this all into some data-structure, and funnel this information into the identity-commons historical repository: Here is a community timeline that was created at IIW in 2011 &amp; renewed at IIW 28 in 2019 Category Index This history behind decentralized identity is loosely categorized by...","categories": ["History"],
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"title": "~~uPort:~~ Veramo and Serto",
"excerpt":"uPort project has split into two new projects: Veramo and Serto - both of which carry on the mission of decentralizing the internet. Veramo Veramo • GitHub • Twitter • Blog • Docs Performant and modular APIs for Verifiable Data and SSI. Create and manage decentralized identifiers + verifiable credentials...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Ethereum","Credentials Community Group","GDPR","DIDComm","Consensys","uPort","Web3","Zug","LibP2P","PWC","Onfido","DIF","Veramo","Serto","GLEIF","uPortlandia","Switzerland","Cheqd","Alastria","LACChain","ENS","Sphereon","Metamask","Spherity"],
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"tags": ["MyData","eIDAS","GDPR","Meeco","JLinc","Verifiable Credentials","OAuth","AI","DKMS","Avast","MyDex","Cozy Cloud","Data Governance"],
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"title": "Blockchain and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Literature ISO/TR 23249:2022 – Overview of existing DLT systems for identity management 2022-05 ISO This document covers the following topics: Managing identity for individuals, organizations, things (IoT &amp; objects), functions and processes and other entities including within and across DLT systems. Description of the actors and their interactions and common interfaces....","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["NIST","Identiverse","Authenteq","Civic","Microsoft","Datum","ProCivis"],
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"excerpt":"Infominer In November 2018, Inspired by @peacekeeper’s blockchain-identity list, I began working on my own curated list of resources related to decentralized identity. I saw that decentralized identity has a deep historical context, and saw its potential for being the blockchain use-case, beyond currency. From the amount of information spread...","categories": [],
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"title": "Introduction to Decentralized Identity",
"excerpt":"Essence of Decentralized Identity The essence of Decentralized-ID is in creating open standards for a privacy preserving internet-wide identity layer — not owned by any one particular organization, but interoperable between all. Background It’s impossible to have a conversation about decentralized-id without discussing blockchain, self sovereign identity, standardization, frameworks, and...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["101","Verifiable Credentials","Decentralized Identifiers"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/resources/getting-started/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) - W3C",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["Credentials Community Group","Decentralized Identifiers","DIDWG","DIF","Evernym","FIMSA","ID2020","IETF","IIW","NIST","RWoT","SRI International","W3C"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/decentralized-identifier/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials - Literature, Comparisons, Explainer (W3C)",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","Credentials Community Group","VC-WG","JSON-LD","Claims and Credentials WG"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/verifiable-credentials-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "The Pan Canadian Trust Framework",
"excerpt":"The Framework Pan-Canadian Trust Framework (“PCTF”) Trust Registries 2023-03-28 Draft Recommendation V1.0 - Defines criteria, requirements, and guidelines regarding Trust Registries. Stakeholders have identified the need for a set of criteria, requirements, and guidelines regarding Trust Registries governance, operations, and registration and certification management. Digital Wallet 2023-04-25 Final Recommendation V1.0...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Trust Framework","Canada","Verifiable Credentials","DIACC","PCTF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/canada/pctf/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/pctf-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "European Digital Identity and SSI",
"excerpt":"General @EIC2022 Centralized &amp; Decentralized Identity converging 2022-05-18 Martin Kuppinger For me, the most relevant new topic and trend was to finally see the convergence of decentralized identities (DID) and traditional approaches on IAM starting. DID, also referred to as SSI (Self Sovereign Identity) or verifiable credentials, is a concept where...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Ethereum","uPort","Europe","EU","Zug","Finland","Spain","Netherlands","Germany","Catalonia","ESSIFlab","eIDAS","EBSI","Verifiable Credentials","W3C","IDUnion","Aries","Indy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/europe_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "United States Governments and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"White House The White House’s Future of the Internet is Available Today 2022-04-29 Indicio Tech The Biden administration, in coordination with 60 other countries, on Thursday unveiled a “Declaration for the Future of the Internet” that “reclaims the promise of the Internet in the face of the global opportunities and challenges...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","USA","New York","Austin","Illinois","Wyoming","Utah","FATF","IRS","FTC","Data Privacy","Web3","Digital Immigration Credentials","Verifiable Credentials","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/usa/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "US Department Homeland Security (DHS) S&T Silicon Valley Innovation Program (SVIP)",
"excerpt":"Small Business Innovation Research Program Homeland Security Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program Portal The DHS S&amp;T SBIR Program was initiated in 2004 with the goal of increasing the participation of innovative and creative U.S. small businesses in federal research and development programs and challenging industry to bring innovative homeland...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","USA","DHS","Dignario","Indicio","Trinsic","Mavnet","SecureKey","Spherity","MATTR","Mesur","Stranger Labs","Verified.ME","SICPA","Learning Machine","Transmute","Danube Tech","Factom","Digital Bazaar","Evernym","Respect Network","Solarity","Narf","Celerity","Verifiable Credentials","W3C","Blockcerts","DKMS","USCIS"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/usa/dhs/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/dhs-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Evernym",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Evernym","DHS","Respect Network","Trust over IP","Sovrin Foundation","DIF","ATB","IOTA","Sovrin","Indy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/evernym/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/evernym-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "MATTR",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["DHS","MATTR","Sovrin Foundation","Schema.org","JSON-LD","BBS Signatures","Linked Data"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/mattr/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/mattr_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Session Topics from the Internet Identity Workshop since 2005",
"excerpt":"The Internet Identity Workshop has been finding, probing and solving identity issues twice every year since 2005. We meet in the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, CA. Every IIW moves topics, code and projects downfield. Name an identity topic and it’s likely that more substantial discussion and work has...","categories": ["Events"],
"tags": ["Decentralized Identifiers","WebAuthN","MATTR","GS1","JSON-LD","KERI","Evernym","GDPR","CCPA","DIF","DIDComm","ID2020","Aries","Indy","BBS Signatures","JLinc","Verifiable Credentials","W3C","XDI","Veres One","Ethereum","eIDAS","Universal Resolver","DKMI","Universal Registrar","OASIS","OAuth","OIDC","Blockstack","Onfido","XDI","Ursa","Respect Network","AI","California","DKMS","Danube Tech","FIDO","iRespond","Trust Framework","MyData"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/workshops/internet-identity-workshop/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/Internet-Identity-Workshop_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Meeco",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["MyData","Respect Network","DIF","Meeco"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/meeco/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/meeco-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Transmute",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["DHS","Transmute","Ethereum","Blockchain","Microsoft","Consensys","DIF","Encrypted Data Vaults","Oracle","OAuth","OIDC","Okta","Custom Authz Servers","Okta Identity Cloud"," Element Block Explorer","Element","Sidetree","IPFS","DID:GITHUB","IOT","Web3"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/transmute/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/transmute_thumb.webp"},{
"title": "Karyl Fowler and History of Transmute",
"excerpt":"Transmute Industries • Blog • Tech Talk • Github • Twitter • Linkedin Transmute secures critical supplier, product, and shipment data to give customers a competitive edge in the increasingly dynamic global marketplace. The Story of Karyl Fowler and Transmute For all the sexy tech stuff happening, it’s deep comprehension...","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["DHS","Transmute","Ethereum","Blockchain","Microsoft","Consensys","DIF","Encrypted Data Vaults","Oracle","OAuth","OIDC","Okta","Custom Authz Servers","Okta Identity Cloud"," Element Block Explorer","Element","Sidetree","IPFS","DID:GITHUB","IOT"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/karyl-fowler_transmute/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/transmute_thumb.webp"},{
"title": "Ceramic - 3box",
"excerpt":"Ceramic GitHub • Ceramic Studio • Documentation • Forum Ceramic is a decentralized data network that powers an ecosystem of interoperable Web3 applications and services. Ceramic’s event streaming protocol is a highly-scalable decentralized data infrastructure used for building all kinds of interoperable Web3 services and protocols, such as decentralized databases....","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Ethereum","Ceramic","DIF","Web3","3box","uPort","IPID","Web3Connect","ENS","oCap","Gitcoin","revocation","DAO"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/ethereum/3box-ceramic/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Spherity",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Sovrin Foundation","DIF","Ontology","eIDAS","W3C","Swisscom","Digital Twins","AI","IOT","ISO 27001","DID"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/spherity/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/spherity_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Hyland Credentials - Issue verifiable records using the blockchain.",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["DIF","Learning Machine","W3C","Hyland Credentials","Blockcerts"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/hyland-credentials-learning-machine/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/hyland-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Trinsic",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["DIF","Sovrin Foundation","Verifiable Organizations Network","Good Health Pass","Trust over IP","hyperledger foundation","W3C","Aries","Indy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/trinsic/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/trinsic_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "World Wide Web Consortium - W3C",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Standards Development Orgs"],
"tags": ["W3C","Credentials Community Group","JSON-LD","WebAuthN","Decentralized Identifiers","Verifiable Credentials","Veres One","BTCR","Linked Data","Standards Development Org"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/w3c_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Handshake",
"excerpt":"Website • WhitePaper • Docs • Twitter • Github • Hacker News The Case for Handshake - A Compelling Bid to Decentralize Domain Names by Steven McKie Handshake is public blockchain that will serve as a global list of top-level domain names. By pointing your browser to resolve requests via...","categories": ["Decentralized Web"],
"tags": ["Blockchain","DNS","Handshake"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/decentralized-web/handshake/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/handshake_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Ontology",
"excerpt":"Main Website • Onto.App • Blog • GitHub • Telegram • Twitter • Youtube • Linkedin • Discord A “Distributed Trust Network” which combines a cross-chain identity system, peer-to-peer data transmission, data authorization mechanisms, distributed data storage, attestation, and various industry-specific modules. It also includes an Ontology Crypto Package (OCP)...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Web3","Ontology","Ethereum","NEO","Polkadot","Microsoft","Consensys","Universal Resolver","Compliance"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/ontology/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/ontology_teaser.webp"},{
"title": "BCGov - Government of British Columbia Canada",
"excerpt":"Main gov.bc.ca - The official website of the Government of British Columbia. The Government of B.C. is made up of ministries, agencies and Crown corporations. Browse ministry, agency and Crown corporation websites for the latest news, service plans, publications and more. British Columbia - Digital Government - B.C.’s digital future...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Trust Framework","Canada","Verifiable Organizations Network","Trinsic","IIW","Aries","W3C","Trust over IP","Indy","Real World","Orgbook"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/canada/bcgov/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/bcgov-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Zug ID",
"excerpt":"Blockchain-based digital ID now available for all residents 2020-07 The IT department of the city of Zug is currently developing the e-train app in collaboration with Swiss providers. With the eZug app, Zug residents can use the city of Zug’s online services digitally, especially when they are out and about...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Zug","Switzerland","Aries","uPort","Crypto Valley Association","ProCivis","Europe","Ethereum","Consensys","Real World","Consensys"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/switzerland/zug/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/zug-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Hyperledger Foundation",
"excerpt":"Organization Website • Blog • GitHub • Linkedin • Twitter An Introduction to Hyperledger 2018-07 Hyperledger began in 2015 when many different companies interested in blockchain technology realized they could achieve more by working together than by working separately. These firms decided to pool their resources and create open-source blockchain...","categories": ["Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["Indy","Fabric","Aries","Evernym","Sovrin Foundation","Enterprise Ethereum Alliance","Linux Foundation","Ursa","Microsoft","Salesforce","Sawtooth","agreementsolutions","BTP","Ayanworks","Blinking","SecureKey","Oracle","HealthDigit","T-Mobile NEXT Identity","Sony","Global","Education"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/hyperledger/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/hyperledger-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "GS1 - The Global Language of Business",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Related Standards","Standards Development Orgs"],
"tags": ["GS1","KERI","Digital Link","Enterprise","Barcode","RFID","Global Standards Management Process","Supply Chain","Healthcare","Digital Signatures"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/gs1/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/gs1-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "KERI - Key Event Receipt Infrastructure",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["DIF","KERI","DKMI","RWoT","GLEIF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/gleif/keri/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/keri-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Augmented Social Network",
"excerpt":"Introduction Building identity and trust into the next-generation Internet by Ken Jordan, Jan Hauser, and Steven Foster. The ASN white paper was presented at the June 2003 Planetwork conference and published in First Monday. There are also 1,000 word and 5,600 word excerpts from the original 34,000 word white paper....","categories": ["History"],
"tags": ["Planetwork","Augmented Social Network","OASIS","Microsoft","Literature"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/history/2000s/early/augmented-social-network/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/augmented-social-network-teaser.png"},{
"title": "Claims and Credentials Working Group - DIF",
"excerpt":"DIF - Claims and Credentials Working Group - GitHub Join this group to contribute to the standards and technology that create, exchange, and verify claims and credentials in a decentralized identity ecosystem. For example, a cryptographically verifiable credential that proves an individual has a college degree or is of a...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["Verifiable Credentials","Claims and Credentials WG","JSON-LD","Credentials Community Group","DIF","W3C"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/claims-and-credentials/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/claims-credentials-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Planetwork",
"excerpt":"Planetwork was founded in 1998 with the recognition that the only phenomenon growing as fast as the global ecological crisis was the global communications system and that with it, we could address the biggest threats facing humanity and the planet. - About Planetwork.net In July 1998, at the height of...","categories": ["Community Orgs","History"],
"tags": ["Planetwork","Augmented Social Network","Bloom","XDI","JLinc","IDCommons","OASIS"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/planetwork/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/planetwork-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "DID Communications (DIDComm) - DIF",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["DIDComm WG","DIDComm","DIF","Aries","Decentralized Identifiers","W3C","Indicio","TBD","SICPA","Danube Tech","MATTR","Animo","Aviary","Transmute","Centre","Microsoft","Evernym","DSR","SecureKey","ConsenSys","BCGov","Anonyome","uPort","Animo","Hyperledger Foundation","Jolocom"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/did-communications/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/DIDComm-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "(DID) Authentication Working Group - DIF",
"excerpt":"DID Authentication Working Group - GitHub Join this group to contribute to standards and technology that designs and implements authentication protocols that rely upon open standards and cryptographic protocols, including DIDs and DID Documents. This group develops specifications, protocols, and formats for data structures used for authentication. Mailing list Charter...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["DIDAuth WG","DIDAuth","DIF","Decentralized Identifiers","SOIP","Aries","W3C","DIDComm","BCGov"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/did-authentication/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/didauth-wg-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Identifiers & Discovery Working Group - DIF",
"excerpt":"Working Group Identifiers and Discovery Working Group - GitHub Members of the Working Group are engaged in development of protocols and systems that enable creation, resolution, and discovery of decentralized identifiers and names across underlying decentralized systems, like blockchains and distributed ledgers. I&amp;D WG Charter Specifications, implementations, test suites, etc....","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["Identifiers and Discovery WG","Decentralized Identifiers","DIF","Universal Resolver","Universal Registrar","JSON-LD","Ethereum","ION","BTCR","DID:PEER","ERC725","Linked Data"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/identifiers-and-discovery/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/identifiers-discovery-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Interop Working Group - DIF",
"excerpt":"Webpage - Wiki - GitHub Community collaboration and project management on Interoperability. Develop and publish definitions of success with respect to business interoperability, at the highest level. Defining points of protocol-defined touchpoints for maximum interchangeability of components at every layer; it is assumed that over time, that number will increase,...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["Interop WG","DIF","IETF","W3C","Credentials Community Group","Hyperledger Foundation","Trust over IP","Interop"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/interop/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/dif-interop-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Secure Data Storage WG - DIF",
"excerpt":"Secure Data Storage and Compute Working Group Create one or more specifications to establish a foundational layer for secure data storage (including personal data), specifically data models for storage and transport, syntax, data at rest protection, CRUD API, access control, synchronization, and at least a minimum viable HTTP-based interface compatible...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["Storage and Compute WG","DIF","Secure Data Storage","Data Hubs","W3C","Encrypted Data Vaults"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/secure-data-storage/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/secure-data-storage-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Schema.org Community Group - W3C",
"excerpt":"The Schema.org Community Group provides a forum for discussing all changes, additions and extensions to schema.org. In addition to providing a public setting for the day to day operation of the project, it serves as the mechanism for reviewing extensions and as a liaison point for all parties developing independent...","categories": ["Related Standards"],
"tags": ["Schema.org","W3C","JSON-LD","RDF","Microsoft"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/schema-org/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/schema-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Consensys",
"excerpt":"ConsenSys • Discord • Twitter • Youtube • Blog • GitHub ConsenSys is the leading Ethereum software company. We enable developers, enterprises, and people worldwide to build next-generation applications, launch modern financial infrastructure, and access the decentralized web. Our product suite, composed of Infura, Quorum, Codefi, MetaMask, and Diligence, serves...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Ethereum","Web3","DeFi","Consensys","Zug","uPort","DIF","uPortlandia","RWoT","ID2020"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/ethereum/consensys/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/consensys-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Baseline Protocol • EEA Community Projects",
"excerpt":"EEA Community Projects GitHub • Baseline • Docs • Twitter • Slack EEA Community Projects The EEA Community Projects provide support for open source development of code, APIs, standards, and reference implementations. Its foundation is the former Ethereum OASIS Open Project, which represents 25+ years of OASIS experience in collaborative...","categories": ["Web 3","Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["OASIS","Ethereum","Enterprise Ethereum Alliance","Ethereum Foundation","Consensys","Chainlink","Provide","Unibright","Ernst & Young","Microsoft","Limechain","Web 3"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/ethereum/baseline/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/baseline-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Digital Identification and Authentication Council of Canada - DIACC",
"excerpt":"Website • Twitter • GitHub • Pan-Canadian Trust Framework (“PCTF”) The Digital Identification and Authentication Council of Canada, known as the DIACC, is a non-profit coalition of public and private sector leaders committed to developing a Canadian framework for digital identification and authentication. The framework is intended to enable Canadians...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","DIACC","Canada","Trust Framework","BMO","Canadapost","Cibc","Desjardins","ForgeRock","Interac","Manulife","Newbruns","Ontairo","SecureKey","Td","Telus","2Keys","ATB","Affinity Credit Union","Applied Recognition","CCUA","CDIC","C1","Canada Health Infoway","Convergence","DI","Digidentity","Equifax","FIDO","Equitable Bank","Hypersecu","iComply","IDC2018","IdentityNorth","Identos","In fidem","Ltsa","Libro","LD","Mastercard","Northern Block","Notarius couleur","OARO","One span","Onfido","Outlier","Payments Canada","Prodigy","PlaceSpeak","Quartech","RBC 1","Safran","Saskatchewan","Securefact","Simeio","Smart species","TreeFort","Trulioo","Vallid","Vancity","Worldreach","Yoti","IBM","BCGov","Vivvo","UXP Systems","Boloro","Plurilock","1Kosmos","Gambit","In-Sec-M","Ingenico","ISO 18013-5","100101075","Get Group","Pragma","Modohr","Celero","Vlinder","Mavennet","iProov","Peer Social","Jumio","Folio","Auth0","Arucc","Stash","Supercluster","PCTF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/canada/diacc/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/diacc-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "California: SSI, Policy, Blockchain, and Vaccine Records",
"excerpt":"VCs Policy Committeee (California) – Participate in passing legislation to create a California Trust Framework! 2021-05-06 IIW, IDcommons Kaliya Young, Ally Medina Slides discussed how the Blockchain Advocacy Coalition’s sponsorship of AB 2004 pushed verifiable credentials into mainstream political discourse and how companies can help us shape public policy and government pilot...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","USA","CCPA","California","IAB","IAPP","CPRA","SMART Health Card","Covid 19","Trust Framework"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/usa/california",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "The Dataweb: An Introduction to XDI",
"excerpt":"A White Paper for the OASIS XDI Technical Committee v2, April 12, 2004 Drummond Reed, Cordance Geoffrey Strongin, AMD Abstract XDI (XRI Data Interchange) is a new service for generalized distributed data sharing and mediation using XRIs (Extensible Resource Identifiers), a URI-compatible abstract identifier scheme developed by the OASIS XRI...","categories": ["History"],
"tags": ["XRI","XDI","Dataweb","Literature","History"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/history/2000s/early/dataweb-introduction-to-xdi/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/dataweb/dataweb-whitepaper-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Humanitarian Aid",
"excerpt":"Explainer Fixing Aid - Can blockchain help fix the I.D. problem for a billion people? 2022-03-31 The New Humanitarian When forced to flee your home from one moment to the next, grabbing birth certificates, school diplomas, and other papers that prove you are who you say you are might not be...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Humanitarian","iRespond","Ukraine","Tu Delft","Gravity Earth","Human Rights","Inclusion","Trinsic","Affinidi","Aid:Tech","GlobalID","Onfido","Biometrics","Avast","Berkman Klein","World Bank"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/humanitarian/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "IOTA Foundation",
"excerpt":"Website • Blog • Linkedin • Docs • GPlay IOTA Foundation is a non-profit organization and creator of the Tangle, a permissionless, multi-dimensional distributed ledger, designed as a foundation of a global protocol for all things connected. The Case for a Unified Identity Our Vision for a Unified Identity Protocol on the...","categories": ["Decentralized Web"],
"tags": ["IOTA","Blockchain","Dark Matter Labs","Eclipse"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/iota-foundation/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/iota.webp"},{
"title": "The ID2020 Alliance",
"excerpt":"Website • Blog • GitHub • Twitter • Linkedin • Crunchbase Main ID2020 and Digital Impact Alliance Join Forces to Champion People-Centric Digital Transformation 2023-08-02 DIAL Global Going forward, the Digital Impact Alliance will house ID2020’s unique knowledge, products, and expertise in digital ID, and will integrate the importance of...","categories": ["Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["DIAL","Accenture","ID2020","Gavi","Ideo","Microsoft","Rockefeller Foundation","UC Berkeley","BLOK","FHI360","hyperledger foundation","ICC","iRespond","Kiva","Mastercard","Mercy Corps","National Cybersecurity Center","Panta Transportation","Simprints","RWoT"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/id2020/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/id2020-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Hyperledger Ursa",
"excerpt":"Website • Wiki • GitHub • RFCs • Docs • Mailing List • Chat • Blog Hyperledger Ursa code review Hyperledger 2022-05-31 Rooted in a “trust but verify” mindset, several Canadian public sector entities and Interac (Canada’s interbank network) sponsored a project at the Digital Identity Laboratory of Canada (IDLab) to perform a security and cryptography code review...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["Ursa","Kiva","Sovrin Foundation","Web3","ACM","Bitwise","DFINITY","Evernym","Fujitsu","Intel","Linux Foundation","Sovrin Foundation","State Street"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/hyperledger/ursa/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/ursa-square.webp"},{
"title": "Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation - GLEIF",
"excerpt":"Main Website • Blog •  Twitter • Youtube • Linkedin • Crunchbase Established by the Financial Stability Board in June 2014, the Global Legal Entity Identifier Foundation (GLEIF) is tasked to support the implementation and use of the Legal Entity Identifier (LEI). The foundation is backed and overseen by the LEI Regulatory...","categories": ["Standards Development Orgs"],
"tags": ["GLEIF","Verifiable Credentials","Serto","CFCA","DigiCert","InfoCert","DIZME","Entrust Datacard","ICAI India","SwissSign","Evernym","Ubisecure","Standards Development Org","Contour","RapidLEI","Amazon","Government","Policy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/gleif/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/gleif-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "LFPH and Covid-19: CCI and Good Health Pass",
"excerpt":"Linux Foundation Public Health Understanding the Global COVID Certificate Landscape 2021-10-13 DIVOC The DIVOC project is hosted and maintained by India’s eGov Foundation and is available as an MIT-licensed open source software package DIVOC is also supported by various multilateral funding institutions, as well as a community of software contributors and adopters...","categories": ["History"],
"tags": ["Linux Foundation","LFPH","MedCreds","Evernym","ID2020","uPort","Dutch Research","TNO","Microsoft","Consensys Health","Luxoft","CCI","SITA","WHO","Good Health Pass","Vaccine Credentials","Cardea"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/covid-19/lfph_cci_good-health-pass/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "SSI Resources: Directories, Courses, Curated Lists, Blogs, Podcasts and more.",
"excerpt":"General [Directory] Global Verifiable Credential Adoption 2023-07-05 Trinsic 🔥 This is a community resource for tracking the adoption of verifiable credentials around the world. Please have a look around and join 10+ others who have contributed! [Curated List] animo/awesome-self-sovereign-identity/ 2023-07-07 Animo An awesome list of self-sovereign identity resources. [Publication] SSI...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Resources"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/resources/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Object Capability Model",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["oCap","JSON-LD","zCap","Cosmos"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/object-capabilities/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Gataca",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["ESSIFlab","DID Registry","Verifier Api"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Gataca/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Global ID",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Compliance","PRIVATE","Wallets","COVID","Indicio"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/GlobalID/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "IDramp",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["IDRamp","Oracle","Trust Stamp","Qiqochat","Evernym"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/IDramp/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Indicio",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Enterprise","VCI","Proven","Compliance","Trusted Digital Ecosystems","Aries","Mediator Agent","Mobile Agent","EntTrustient","Certification","GlobaliD","Uphold","IDRamp","Cynjatech","Finclusive","Xertify","Snowbridge Inc","Bot Ventures","BlockSpaces","Blockster Labs","Anonyome Labs","Selfd.id","Liquid Avatar Technologies","Snapper Future Tech","Lorica Identity","BizSecure","Networks Synergy","Absolutely Zero Cyber","Cysecure","VERSES Labs","Aruba Health App","SITA","Public Benefit Corporation","Privatyze","Bullet ID","Verio ID","DID:INDY","Machine Readable Governance","Indicio TestNet","Lissi Wallet"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Indicio/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Lissi",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Lissi Connect","Lissi Wallet","Indicio","EUDI Wallet","eIDAS","Evernym","IBM"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Lissi/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Magic Labs",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Enterprise","ID","IAM","Passwordless","Magic Link","Onboarding","Web3","DWeb","WebAuthN","SMS"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/MagicLabs/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Mattereum",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Enterprise","DWeb","IOT","Ethereum","Metaverse"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Mattereum/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "MyDex",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Enterprise","Personal Data","National Data Strategy","Data A New Direction","Personal Data Stores","Public Sector","DigitalScot","ISO 27001"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/MyDEX/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Spherity",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Sovrin Steward","EU","Enterprise","AI","IOT","ISO 27001","Healthcare","Ontology","Cloud Identity Wallet","Secure Digital Identity Association","IDUnion","European Data Infrastructure","Legisym","Kuppinger Cole","Supply Chain"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Spherity/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Spruce Systems",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["USA","Enterprise","Credible","Ethereum","Kepler","DIDKit","Rebase","Ethereum Foundation","ENS","Graph Hack 2022","Tezos","DID:TEZOS","OpenID Connect","FIDO2","TreeLDR","Sign in with ETH","Web3"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/Spruce/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "ValidatedID",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Companies"],
"tags": ["Europe","Enterprise","VIDSigner","SaaS","ViDChain","EBSI","Wallets","Digital Signatures","Education","eIDAS Bridge","Interop"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/companies/ValidatedID/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Credentials Community Group - W3C",
"excerpt":"Main GitHub - Mailing List Archive - Charter - Meetings - Announcements - IRC Credentials Community Group 2014-08-08 W3C to explore the creation, storage, presentation, verification, and user control of credentials. We focus on a verifiable credential (a set of claims) created by an issuer about a subject—a person, group,...","categories": ["Standards Development Orgs"],
"tags": ["Credentials Community Group","Verifiable Credentials","Decentralized Identifiers","W3C","ECDSA Cryptosuite v2019","ECDSA Cryptosuite v2020","JWS","Tracability","Standards Development Org"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/sdo/w3c/credentials-community-group/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Exchange Protocols - CHAPI, VC Api, WACI...",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Related Standards"],
"tags": ["CHAPI","VC Api","WACI","Credentials Community Group","TrustBloc","DIF","Bloom","hyperledger foundation","Human Colossus Foundation"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/exchange-protocol/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Mobile Drivers License (mDL - ISO 18013)",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Related Standards"],
"tags": ["mDL","iso-18013","SpruceID","MATTR","Digital Bazaar","INATBA","Procivis","AAMVA","Kantara Initiative","IETF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/mobile-drivers-license-mdl-iso-18013/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "OpenID Connect - OpenID Foundation",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Related Standards"],
"tags": ["OpenID","OpenID Connect","Ubisecure","Identiverse","OpenID Japan","DIF","Sphereon","Auth0","SpruceID","IETF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/openid/openid-connect/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Trust over IP Foundation - TOIP",
"excerpt":"About [Video] View From The Field, Riley Hughes 2022-03-23 Trust Over IP Perspectives on the business problems being addressed by ToIP-aligned solutions. Primary research performed by Trinsic to get to the core issues getting in the way of scaling adoption of trust solutions. Riley presents his results and offers perspectives on...","categories": ["Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["Centre","BCGov","GLEIF","Interop","Governance","OIX","Sovrin Foundation","Avast","KABN Network"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/trustoverip/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Centre Consortium and Verite",
"excerpt":"Main Centre Twitter - GitHub - Blog Founded by Coinbase and Circle in 2018, the mission is to provide the governance and standards for the future digital financial ecosystem. We began by launching US Dollar Coin (USDC), a fiat-backed stablecoin and now the second largest stablecoin on the market. The...","categories": ["Web 3","Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["Centre","Coinbase","Web3","Policy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/centre/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Governments of Canada",
"excerpt":"National Old Policy, New Tech: Reconciling Permissioned Blockchain Systems with Transatlantic Privacy Frameworks 2022-05 Remy Hellstern, Victoria Lemieux This paper will explore the global conversation and consensus around data privacy regulation, with specific attention to the European Union and Canada. It will work to understand how blockchain-based firms situate themselves...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Canada","Verifiable Credentials","DIACC","PCTF","Saskatchewan","Alberta","Ontario","UCVDCC","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/canada/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI) and the eSSIF",
"excerpt":"Main European Blockchain Services Infrastructure (EBSI) 2023-02-14 The European blockchain services infrastructure (EBSI) consists of a peer-to-peer network of interconnected nodes running a blockchain-based services infrastructure. Each member of the European Blockchain Partnership (EBP) – the 27 EU countries, Norway, Liechtenstein and the European Commission – will run at least...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Europe","EU","EBSI","ESSIF","GDPR","VIDChain","ValidatedID","Danube","Walt ID","Thales","CIMEA Naric","DXCTechnology","Identyum","Real World","Interop","Education"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/eu/ebsi-essif/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "NGI - ESSIF Lab",
"excerpt":"THE NGI ESSIF-LAB PROJECT ENDED ON 31 DECEMBER 2022 SIMPLER AND SAFER DIGITAL LIVING WITH SELF-SOVEREIGN IDENTITY 2022-07-28 TNO On 1 November 2019 the EU Cascaded Funding project ‘eSSIF-Lab’ (European Self-Sovereign Identity Framework Lab) has started. In this project, EU funds will be made available to SMEs and start-ups that...","categories": ["Government","History"],
"tags": ["eIDAS","GDPR","EBSI","EU","Europe","ESSIF","NGI","Interop"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/history/2020s/early/essif-lab/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Australia",
"excerpt":"Main Australia and state govts agree on digital ID, credential sharing deal 2023-02-27 “There is a lot more work to be done and plenty of consultations to undertake, but we understand that as we increasingly rely on digital technology as part of our everyday lives, the government has a responsibility...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Australia","Australian Payments Network"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/australia/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "India",
"excerpt":"Background Dynamic Data Economy Presented to Technology Consortium in India 2023-06-09 HumanColossus Foundation The “Data Governance and Semantics” project featured three webinars introducing DDE as a decentralised trust infrastructure acutely aligned with the current movement toward data exchange models in the Economic domain where actors regain transactional sovereignty to share accurate...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","India","Aadhaar","Hyperledger","Orgbook"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/india/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Digital Identity New Zealand",
"excerpt":"Main The Trust Economy in a Future New Zealand 2021-06-16 My interest was first piqued when I came across three videos on YouTube from Rachel Botsman, Jordan Perterson and Philipp Kristian Diekhöner. Trust has always been at the centre of society overall and commerce in particular.  There’s a reason why during the first industrial...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","New Zealand","Aotearoa","DINZ","DISTF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/new-zealand/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Switzerland",
"excerpt":"Main The New Draft Law on eID Switzerland 2022-06-30 Procivis The preliminary draft of the federal law declared the purpose of the E-ID to be to ensure “secure identification by means of E-ID among private individuals and with authorities”. The protection of the personality and fundamental rights of individuals is to be...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Europe","Switzerland"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/switzerland/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "United Kingdom",
"excerpt":"Government Information Commission’s (ICO) Children’s Code 2023-07-07 UK officially known as the“Age Appropriate Design Code: a code of practice for online services,” after a year grace period, goes into effect Thursday, Sept. 2, 2021. Digital identity and attributes consultation 2023-02-03 Gov UK The government is committed to realising the benefits of...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Europe","UK","NHS","Digital Staff Passport","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/united-kingdom/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Data Governance Act",
"excerpt":"EU DATA ACT – MAKING DATA PORTABILITY ACTIONABLE 2022-02-25 MyData A critical fork in the data road? MyData Is the EU discussion about data portability missing a key point? In its discussion of data portability the EU rightly recognises the economic importance of this issue, stressing that “market imbalances arising from...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Europe","Data Governance Act","EU","MyData"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/europe/eu/data-governance-act/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Sidetree Working Group - DIF",
"excerpt":"Main Sidetree Working Group The development and maintenance of the formal Sidetree specification, and a hub of coordination for Sidetree-based DID Method node operators. This group also generates libraries, tooling, and documentation to aid Sidetree-based DID Method node operators. Charter Agenda Mailing list GitHub Meetings About Decoding the Sidetree Protocol...","categories": ["Open Source Projects"],
"tags": ["DIF","Sidetree","ION"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/decentralized-identity-foundation/sidetree/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Biometrics and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer My Voice is my Password 2022-04-21 State of Identity How can biometrics help improve accessibility to critical services? On this week’s State of Identity podcast, host Cameron D’Ambrosi is joined by Chief Fraud Prevention Officer for security and biometrics at Nuance, Simon Marchand. Tune in for their discussion about...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Biometrics"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/biometrics/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Internet of Things (IOT)",
"excerpt":"Explainer [ITN, European Commission] Why is Trusted Identity Important in IoT Commerce? 2022-07-14 MOBI This technology has enormous implications for consumers and organizations alike. For consumers, it spells a more seamless way of interacting with the devices used in day-to-day life. Likewise, many industries across the globe are increasingly turning...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["IOT","Digital Twins","MOBI","ITN","European Commission","Peaq","Microsoft","LFPH","Sophie Project","Digital Twin Consortium","Venafi","Caution"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/IOT/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "PICOs: Persistent Compute Objects",
"excerpt":"Explainer The Most Inventive Thing I’ve Done 2022-07 Phil Windley every pico is serverless and cloud-native, presenting an API that can be fully customized by developers. Because they’re persistent, picos support databaseless programming with intuitive data isolation. As an actor-model programming system, different picos can operate concurrently without the need for...","categories": ["Decentralized Web"],
"tags": ["PICO","IOT"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/decentralized-web/biometrics/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Education and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer The Importance of Verifiable Credentials to Training Providers 2022-06-03 Credivera like many other aspects of our daily lives, the digital transformation of education and training has added both convenience and challenges. Much like the shift to remote work, we can now learn from the comfort of our homes. Gone are...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Education","Real World","RMIT","Azure","Microsoft","DIF","ACE","Fluree","Evernym","Velocity Network","IDRamp","Digitary","Open Badges"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/education/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Healthcare and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer Webinar: The Future of Self Sovereign Identity 2021-12-21 Patientory Association, with Michael Merchant, Health Information Exchange; Jim Clair, LFPH; Kapil Bareja, Technical Governance Board Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a movement that claims digital identity should be just as legitimate and nuanced as a person’s human identity, while being accessible...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Healthcare","Real World","Dock","Evernym","Affinidi","DIZME","Gravity Earth","SMART","LFPH"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/healthcare/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "KYC\\AML and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer Importance of an Integrated KYC solution for your compliance program 2022-04-12 KYC-Chain The way many businesses have traditionally implemented KYC is by taking a manual, fragmented approach – essentially implementing various different KYC processes using different tools, methods and resources, including human compliance teams. How can self-sovereign identity solve the...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["KYC","Compliance","eKYC","Cryptocurrency","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/kyc/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Travel and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Main Making travelling more seamless and relaxed 2022-09-29 IDNow Until now, we relied on physical id document such as ID cards driving licenses to identify ourselves in the real world as well as online. Digital attributes and credentials were solely used online. Digital identity wallets, like the IDnow Wallet, are about to...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Travel","IATA","TOIP","TSA","Apple"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/travel/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Africa and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer [Video] What Is a Blockchain (SSI) Self-Sovereign Identity? Blockchain Africa Conference 2022 What is the value of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) for organisations and citizens? What are the current initiatives and traction of SSI in South Africa? What are the economic benefits and the hurdles to SSI adoption in South Africa?...","categories": ["Government"],
"tags": ["Policy","Africa","GLEIF","Kiva","LEI","Indy","DIDx","Farmer Connect","Onfido","Yoma","Diwala","FlexID","Gravity Earth","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/government/africa/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Covid-19, Vaccine Passports, Health Credentials, and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer Digital identity is critical in the new world since covid 2021-11-17 DigitalID NZ In my recent podcast with Brad Carr of the Institute of International Finance, we discussed how digital identity and verified credentials can support a digital-first world, something that’s extremely relevant amid the current pandemic. https://verified.me/blog/the-value-of-verifiable-credentials-in-the-evolving-digital-identity-landscape/ Verified Me COVID-19 as...","categories": ["History","Uses"],
"tags": ["Vaccine Credentials","LFPH","CCI","SITA","WHO","Good Health Pass","Excelsior Pass Pluss","Digi.me","EU Digital Green","Real World"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/covid-19/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "SSI Use-Cases",
"excerpt":"General A Solution Looking for a Problem? Digital ID Solves a Million of Them 2022-08-09 David Birch, Forbes The general problem statement here is, as you will have noticed, not about proving who you are but about proving what you are. I need to know you have a line of credit,...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Content Attribution","Events","Climate","Bots","IAM","Reputation","Workplace","Energy Systems","Property Management","Gaming","Business","Career","Security","Banking","Loyalty Programs"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/use-cases/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Supply Chains and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Main The Digital Supply Chain of the Future 2021-12-09 Nis Jespersen Transmute There is no limit to what a DID can identify. The obvious examples are organizations and people, as explained above. They can also represent assets such as shipping containers, seals, boxes, vessels, or locations, and intangible concepts like bookings,...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Supply Chain","Transmute","GS1","UNECE","SAP","USCBP"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/supply-chain/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Guardianship",
"excerpt":"Main [Whitepaper] On Guardianship in Self-Sovereign Identity 2023-04 Sovrin This paper, published by the Sovrin Guardianship Working Group, explores the guardianship relationship and how it fits in with the overall SSI “web of trust.” It presents risks, benefits and approaches to implementation of Guardianship for SSI use cases. Let’s Go...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Guardianship","Delegation","Sovrin Foundation","Trust over IP"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/guardianship/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Market signals, SSI trending, and the road to mainstream adoption.",
"excerpt":"SSI Trending Global Verifiable Credential Adoption Trinsic (Notion) 🔥 This is a community resource for tracking the adoption of verifiable credentials around the world. Please have a look around and join 10+ others who have contributed! Self-Sovereign Identity Exploding Topics 2023-06-17 - up 4293% over 5 years. Decentralized Identifiers 2023-06-17 ExplodingTopics -...","categories": ["Uses"],
"tags": ["Adoption","Trends"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/trending-adoption/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "User Experience and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"General Identity and Consistent User Experience 2021-11 Phil Windley There’s a saying in security: “Don’t roll your own crypto.” I think we need a corollary in identity: “Don’t roll your own interface.” But how do we do that? And what should the interface be? One answer is to adopt the user...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["User Experience","Relationships"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/user-experience/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "System Architecture and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"General Centralized\\Federated vs Self Sovereign 2022-08-29 dominiumssi Anyone who wants to understand DID and Self Sovereign Identity should begin by understanding the graph below. We are shifting the power from the companies to the users. That’s it in a nutshell. Good Welfare, Bad Platforms?: The Risks of Centralized Digital Identity Systems...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Architecture"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/architecture/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Ethics, Human Rights, Sovereignty and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Ethics Pro-social behaviours 2023-06-14 Wikipedia   those intended to benefit others, or society as a whole — for example, helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering. Within a community, they’re the behaviours that make it an attractive space to belong to, and which encourage its growth and/or development. It’s a central...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Ethics","Human Rights","Sovereignty"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/ethics-rights-sovereignty/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Web3 Explained",
"excerpt":"Explainer WEB2 VS WEB3 2022-09-27 Ethereum Web2 refers to the version of the internet most of us know today. An internet dominated by companies that provide services in exchange for your personal data. Web3, in the context of Ethereum, refers to decentralized apps that run on the blockchain. These are apps...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Web3","Ethereum"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Web 3 and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Identity and Web3 Identity and Web3 2022-09-12 auth0 A key opportunity Web3 presents in the identity space is the ability to interact with a user’s blockchain data. This presents two benefits: enriching user profiles and streamlining the login process with federated logins using storage wallets. Decentralized Identity and Web3 2022-08-05 SpruceID In...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Web3","Ethereum","Dominium","Citopia","Civic","Atala PRISM","Gitcoin","Elastos"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/id/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Data Governance and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer [Video] Data Sovereignty International Forum 2021(English) 2021-09-08 경기도청 My personal data has value?! We need to be aware of data sovereignty to recognize and protect value of our personal data. Make the Fair Data World Together! Everybody has our data … except us 2021-06-20 reb00ted Google has all my e-mail....","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Data Governance"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/self-sovereign-identity/data-governance/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Non Fungible Tokens (NFT) and Soulbound Tokens (SBT)",
"excerpt":"Discussion What Do NFTs Do Well? 2022-03-09 Indicio NFTs are technologically interesting as a way of proving ownership and facilitating value transfer; but they are problematic if applied to proving a person’s identity. Three thoughts about NFTs 2022-03-03 Doc Searls There’s a thread in a list I’m on titled “NFTs are a...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Soulbound Tokens","NFTs","Web 3","Ethereum"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/nft/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO) and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"DAO Explainer DAOs are not corporations: where decentralization in autonomous organizations matters 2022-09-20 Vitalik Buterin Because DAOs do not have a sovereign above them, and are often explicitly in the business of providing services (like currency and arbitration) that are typically reserved for sovereigns, it is precisely the design of sovereigns...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Web 3","Ethereum","DAO"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/dao/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Decentralized Finance, KYC and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Defi Explainer Proposal: it’s not Web3 — it’s DeWeb (a la DeFi) as we undo all the mistakes around centralized ownership of the web 2 era. 2022-06-28 InsideTheSimulation.eth Opinions? […] DeWeb is: - Self-sovereign identity with portable accounts and easy sign-on (such as sign-in with Ethereum). - Custody of your...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["DeFi","CeDeFi","Web 3","Ethereum","SelfKey","JPMorgan","Opulous","KYC","KYC-Chain"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/defi/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "The Metaverse in Web3 and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Metaverse Explainer Everything You Should Know About the Metaverse Right Now 2022-08-24 Anyonyome But the first thing you should know about the metaverse, even as it’s still emerging and being defined, is that the time to act is now. The metaverse is expected to contribute USD 3 trillion to global GDP by...","categories": ["Web 3"],
"tags": ["Metaverse","NFTs","Web 3","Ethereum"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-3/metaverse/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Decentralization and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer The Web3 Decentralization Debate Is Focused on the Wrong Question 2022-05-22 Wired Fixating on the degree—rather than the type—of decentralization is leading us astray Decentralization is the Future of Digitization 2022-05-29 Jolocom In Germany, for example, the federal government initially decided to store data from the nation’s Corona-Warn app on centralized...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Decentralization"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/decentralization/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Critique and Caution regarding Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Main Thread: VCs need Threat Modeling 2022-06-16 Pamela Dingle Another pre-read recommendation for @identiverse: the @openid for Verifiable Credentials Whitepaper. Firstyear Replying to @Erstejahre @pamelarosiedee and 4 others It also seems to lack any sections about threat modelling and possible risks, making it hard to trust since risks are not...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Critique","Caution","Decentralized Identifiers","Verifiable Credentials"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/self-sovereign-identity/critique-caution/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Personal Privacy and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer What is Privacy? 2022-03 Phil Windley The International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) defines four classes of privacy: Bodily Privacy—The protection of a person’s physical being and any invasion thereof. This includes practices like genetic testing, drug testing, or body cavity searches. Communications Privacy—The protection of the means of correspondence,...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Privacy","Data Privacy"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/self-sovereign-identity/privacy/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Business [Value, Models, Practice] and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"General Top 8 Identity Challenges After an Merger and Acquisition 2022-06-20 RadiantLogic If you’re on the IT team, your headaches are just beginning as you’ll be responsible for integrating the new employees into your current tech and identity stack. You’ll be faced with multiple identity sources, a new identity governance and...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Business","Trends","Markets"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/business/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Trust Frameworks, Trust Registries, and Machine Readable Governance in Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Trust Modelling [literature] On the Trust and Trust Modelling for the Future Fully-Connected Digital World: A Comprehensive Study 2021-06-14 HANNAH LIM JING TING, XIN KANG IEEE Under our analysis of trust and the digital world, we define different types of trust relationships and find out the factors that are needed...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Governance","Trust Frameworks","Trust Registries","Machine Readable Governance"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/governance-trust-frameworks-registries/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Digital Wallets and Self Sovereign Identity",
"excerpt":"Explainer Handout: The history and future of digital wallets 2023-06-29 Steve Lockstep PDF We can trace the history of digital wallets with a Capability-Maturity Model (CMM) from paper and magnetic stripes to chip and mobiles. The fundamentally important trend over the decades has been to use smart technology to prove...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Wallets","User Experience"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/wallets/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Interoperability of Self Sovereign Identity Systems",
"excerpt":"Main [Video] SSI Report - Interoperability 2022-08-18 RootsID Interoperability is the ultimate challenge of a Decentralized Self-Sovereign Identity. Hyperledger Aries is hosting an Interopathon to showcase all the work their community has done to promote Interoperability. We have also started discussions about a standard import/export format that would further improve interop...","categories": ["Technology"],
"tags": ["Aries","INTABA","Indicio","Transmute","Danube Tech","DHS","Open Badges","Interop"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/development/interop/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "The Future of Digital Identity with Self Sovereign ID",
"excerpt":"The Future of Digital Identity: Separating the digital from the individual 2022-07-27 Finextra [Report] the concept of real-time and frictionless processes is what is driving the future of digital identity forward. [Video] Webinar: The Future of Self Sovereign Identity 2021-12-21 Patientory Self-sovereign identity (SSI) is a movement that claims digital identity should...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": ["Future"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/application/future/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Web5: A Decentralized Web Platform",
"excerpt":"TBD Website - GitHub - Twitter - TBDevs @ Twitter TBD’s open source platform enables developers to build products and services on technologies. We believe an open source model will win in a decentralized, world. TBD’s strategy: build open source, collaborate with the community, and invest in the as a...","categories": ["Open Source Projects","Decentralized Web"],
"tags": ["Block","TBD","Web5","Web3","DWeb","GLEIF"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/projects/tbd/web5/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Linux Foundation Public Health (LFPH) and the Cardea Project",
"excerpt":"Main Website - Slack - Twitter - Blog - Youtube LFPH tackles the next frontier in Open Source Health Technology: The rise of Digital Twins 2022-08-29 Jim St. Clair, LFPH Among the many challenges in our global healthcare delivery landscape, digital health plays an increasingly important role on almost a...","categories": ["Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["Linux Foundation","LFPH","Healthcare","Covid 19","Public Health Advisory Council","Cardea","TRAIN","ESSIF","GCCN","Hyperledger Labs"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/Linux-Foundation-Public-Health_Cardea/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "OpenID Foundation",
"excerpt":"Main OpenID Foundation Publishes “Open Banking and Open Data: Ready to Cross Borders?” 2023-02-06 OpenID More than 50 open data, digital identity and API security technologists globally contributed to this whitepaper to answer the following questions: What are the differences and similarities between different open data ecosystems? Is global interoperability...","categories": ["Standards Development Orgs"],
"tags": ["OpenID","Open Banking","SSE","GAIN","Standards Development Org"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/openid/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "We Are Open Cooperative",
"excerpt":"Website - Blog - Twitter - LinkedIn - Mastadon Main Open Workplace Recognition using Verifiable Credentials 2022-09-30 WeAreOpenCoop Yesterday, the draft Verifiable Credentials for Education, Employment, and Achievement Use Cases report was published […] The next version of the Open Badges specification (v3.0) will be compatible with Verifiable Credentials (VCs). Creating a...","categories": ["Community Orgs"],
"tags": ["We are Open","Open Badges","Open Recognition","Accredible","Badgecraft","Open Recognition","Keep Badges Weird","BadgeCollect","Badge List","BadgeFactor","BadgeOS","Badgetree™","BCdiploma","Bestr","CanCred.ca","Canvas Credentials","Credly","ForAllRubrics","HPass","Hyland Credentials","Milestone","NOCTI","Open Badge Factory","Openbadges.me","Participate","RedCritter","Sertifier","VerifyEd"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/organizations/we-are-open/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "DID Methods - Various",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["51nodes","ABT Network","Aergo","Alastria","ArcBlock","Ardor","Baidu","BCGov","Besu","BIF","BiiLabs","Binance","Bitcoin","BlockchainCommons","Blockcore","Blocko","Blockstack","BOTLabs","bryk","BSC","Teleinfo CAICT","Celo","Ceramic Network","Chainyard","Cloudchain","Commercio","Consensys","Consent","Corda","Cosmos","Credentials Community Group","cryptonics","DID:AERGO","DID:ALA","DID:AVVCYBER","DID:BBA","DID:BID","DID:BNB","DID:BRYK","DID:BTCR","DID:CCP","DID:CELO","DID:COM","DID:CORDA","DID:DID","DID:DOCK","DID:DOGE","DID:ECHO","DID:ELASTOS","DID:ELEM","DID:EMTRUST","DID:EOS","DID:ERC725","DID:ETHO","DID:ETHR","DID:EVAN","DID:FACTOM","DID:GATC","DID:GIT","DID:GITHUB","DID:GRG","DID:HEDERA","DID:HOLO","DID:ICON","DID:INDY","DID:IO","DID:ION","DID:IPID","DID:IS","DID:IWT","DID:JLINC","DID:JNCTN","DID:JOLO","DID:JWK","DID:KEY","DID:KILT","DID:KLAY","DID:LIFE","DID:META","DID:MOAC","DID:MORPHEUS","DID:NEAR","DID:NFT","DID:OBJECT","DID:OCKAM","DID:OMN","DID:ONION","DID:ONT","DID:OP","DID:ORB","DID:PANACEA","DID:PEER","DID:PISTIS","DID:PKH","DID:PTN","DID:SAN","DID:SCHEMA","DID:SELFKEY","DID:SIGNOR","DID:SIRIUS","DID:SOV","DID:STACK","DID:TAG","DID:TANGLE","DID:TRUSTBLOC","DID:TRX","DID:TTM","DID:TWIT","DID:TYRON","DID:TYS","DID:TZ","DID:UNDID","DID:UNISOT","DID:UNS","DID:V1","DID:VAA","DID:VAULTIE","DID:VID","DID:VVO","DID:WEB","DID:WLK","DID:WORK","Decentralized Identifiers","Digital Bazaar","Dock","Echo","Elastos","Element","Email","EOS","ERC725","Ethereum","Evan Network","Evernym","Fabric","Factom","Gatica","Github","GRGBanking","GrgChain","Halialabs","Hashgraph","Holochain","Hydra","Hyland Credentials","hyperledger foundation","IBM","ICONLOOP","IIW","Indy","InfoWallet","ION","IOP","IOTA","IoTeX","IPFS","JLinc","Jnctn","Jolocom","JWK","KILT","Klaytn","lifeID","MediBloc","Metadium","Microsoft","MOAC","NEAR","Ocean Protocol","Ockam","OmniOne","Ontology","Panacea","ProximaX","Quorum","Raonsecure","RChain","RWoT","SecureKey","SelfKey Identity","SelfKey","Sovrin Foundation","Sovrin","SpaceElephant","Sphereon","SpruceID","Swisscom","TIFAC-CORE","TMChain","Token.TM","TOR","TranSendX","Transmute","TRON","Twitter","UNISOT","UNS","uPort","Vaultie","VeramoLabs","Veres One","Vivvo","VP","W3C","Weelink","Workday","YLZ Inc","Zilliqa"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/decentralized-identifier/did-methods/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials - Working Groups, Standards and Development",
"excerpt":" ","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","Credentials Community Group","VC-WG","JSON-LD","OAuth","FIDO","Claims and Credentials WG"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/standards-and-development/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and Linked Data Proofs",
"excerpt":"Main [Working Draft] Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0 2023-09-02 - Securing the Integrity of Verifiable Credential Data This specification describes mechanisms for ensuring the authenticity and integrity of Verifiable Credentials and similar types of constrained digital documents using cryptography, especially through the use of digital signatures and related mathematical proofs....","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","JSON-LD","Data Integrity"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity_ld-proofs/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds",
"excerpt":"Main Website - Specification - Specification V2 Hyperledger AnonCreds – short for “Anonymous Credentials”- is the most commonly used Verifiable Credential (VC) format in the world. Ledger agnostic and with a formal open specification, AnonCreds is a VC format that adds important privacy-protecting ZKP (zero-knowledge proof) capabilities to the core...","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","Hyperledger Foundation","IBM","IDEMIX","Anoncreds","Sovrin Foundation","Evernym","ZKP-CL"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_zkp-cl-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)",
"excerpt":"Main [Working Draft] Securing Verifiable Credentials using JOSE and COSE 2023-09-08 Orie Steele, Michael Jones, Michael Prorock This specification defines how to secure credentials and presentations conforming to the VC-DATA-MODEL, with JSON Object Signing and Encryption (JOSE), and CBOR Object Signing and Encryption (COSE) RFC9052. This enables the Verifiable Credential...","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","JWT","IANA","JOSE","COSE"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures",
"excerpt":"Main [Working Draft] Verifiable Credential Data Integrity 1.0 2023-09-02 - Securing the Integrity of Verifiable Credential Data This specification describes mechanisms for ensuring the authenticity and integrity of Verifiable Credentials and similar types of constrained digital documents using cryptography, especially through the use of digital signatures and related mathematical proofs....","categories": ["Verifiable Credentials and Decentralized Identifiers"],
"tags": ["W3C","Verifiable Credentials","JSON-LD","Data Integrity","BBS"],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp"},{
"title": "Ecosystem Overview",
"excerpt":"Note to reader This is a Work in Progress, and should not be taken as authoritative or comprehensive. Internal Links in Italic Open Standards Decentralized Identifiers Explainer Literature DID Methods Supporting Tech DIDAuth Critique Verifiable Credentials Explainer Comparisons Varieties Data Integrity JSON-LD LD-Proof (w3c) JSON-LD ZKP BBS+ (w3c) JOSE /...","categories": ["About"],
"tags": [],
"url": "https://decentralized-id.com/ecosystem/",
"teaser":"https://decentralized-id.com/images/did-square.webp"}]

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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Bitcoin and Self Sovereign Identity (ION + BTCR)">
<meta itemprop="description" content="ION does not rely on centralized entities, trusted validators, or special protocol tokens – ION answers to no one but you, the community. Because ION is an open, permissionless system, anyone can run an ION node, in fact the more nodes in operation, the stronger the network becomes.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2019-03-11T00:00:00+13:00">
<meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2023-06-25T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/bitcoin/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Bitcoin and Self Sovereign Identity (ION + BTCR)
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
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7 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#ion">ION</a><ul><li><a href="#code">Code</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#btcr">BTCR</a><ul><li><a href="#about-btcr">About BTCR</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#prior-work">Prior Work</a></li></ul>
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<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/q32lAXY.png" alt="" /></p>
<h2 id="ion">ION</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/dids-built-on-bitcoin-fix-the-web">How Decentralized Identifiers and Bitcoin Fix the Web</a> 2021-10-13 Bitcoin Magazine
<blockquote>
<p>On October 4, 2021, Facebook, along with WhatsApp and Instagram, <a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/october-2021-facebook-outage/">disappeared from the internet</a>.</p>
<p>Their DNS names stopped resolving, and their infrastructure IPs were offline. They were completely disconnected from the internet. At the same time, it was reported that <a href="https://www.privacyaffairs.com/facebook-data-sold-on-hacker-forum/">1.5 billion people allegedly had their personal data stolen from Facebook</a> and posted for sale.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.coindesk.com/microsoft-launches-decentralized-identity-tool-on-bitcoin-blockchain">Microsoft is launching the first decentralized infrastructure implementation by a major tech company that is built directly on the bitcoin blockchain.</a> 2021-09-13 Coindesk
<blockquote>
<p>“To have Microsoft say they are not scared of bitcoin, and in fact, it has some very good properties and we are willing to take advantage of those properties, is, I think, a step in the right direction.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/3A/_ION_101-401:_what_is_ION_(the_public,_permissionless_DID_network),_how_can_you_use_it_today,_and_what_comes_next">ION 101-401: what is ION (the public, permissionless DID network), how can you use it today, and what comes next</a> 2021-05-06 Daniel Buchner (Microsoft)
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Decentralization of did:ion if anchoring transactions are batched by an operator: it’s possible to choose the operator or to incur the cost of anchoring the transactions. Furthermore, the operator doesn’t gain access to the private key.</li>
<li>ION delivers: massive scale, cost efficiency (despite running on the bitcoin network - best case if bitcoin a transaction costs 100 USD one action costs 1 cent), decentralized &amp; flexible, decentralized registries</li>
<li>ION has a type system so that DIDs can be used, e.g. for software packages, vehicles, … This makes it possible to make the centralized data repositories that we rely on today, npm registries etc., to be fully decentralized. This is a Sidetree feature that is currently only used by ION.</li>
<li>DIF is currently working on personal data stores. Expected impact on private messaging, social media, gig services, ..</li>
<li>ION is live and in production today</li>
<li>Ion-tools is a selection of tools to interact with the ION network: <a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools">https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools</a></li>
<li>Resilience of ION: It’s pointed out that not only Bitcoin needs to survive attacks but also the IPFS network as both are required for ION to work properly. With Bitcoin it looks unlikely that it’s currently possible to reverse transactions on the network. However, with IPFS data can be unpinned and potentially disappear from the network.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/identity-standards-blog/ion-we-have-liftoff/ba-p/1441555">ION – We Have Liftoff!</a> 2021-03-25
<blockquote>
<p>We are excited to share that v1 of <a href="https://identity.foundation/ion/">ION</a> is complete and has been launched on Bitcoin mainnet. We have deployed an ION node to our production infrastructure and are working together with other companies and organizations to do so as well. ION does not rely on centralized entities, trusted validators, or special protocol tokens – ION answers to no one but you, the community. Because ION is an open, permissionless system, anyone can run an ION node, in fact the more nodes in operation, the stronger the network becomes. Development of ION, and the Sidetree standard ION is based on, takes place in the <a href="https://identity.foundation/">Decentralized Identity Foundation</a> (DIF). Read on to learn how you can integrate ION, DIDs, and Verifiable Credentials in your applications and services.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://ssimeetup.org/introduction-ion-layer-2-network-decentralized-identifiers-bitcoin-daniel-buchner-webinar-29/">Introduction to Ion – a layer 2 network for Decentralized Identifiers with Bitcoin - Daniel Buchner</a> 2019-06-13 SSI Meetup
<blockquote>
<p>Microsoft presented in May 2019 in New York the first decentralized infrastructure implementation by a major tech company that is built directly on the Bitcoin blockchain called Ion. Daniel Buchner, who is leading this initiative at Microsoft and a founding member of the Decentralized Identity Foundation, will discuss the culture at Microsoft, how decentralized identity works with Bitcoin and what you need to know to use the Bitcoin blockchain for non-financial transactions.</p>
<p>Ion handles the decentralized identifiers, which control the ability to prove you own the keys to this data.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agPVWVe0p3Q">Introduction to Ion – a layer 2 network for Decentralized Identifiers with Bitcoin</a> 2019-06-13 Daniel Buchner, SSI Meetup
<blockquote>
<p>Microsoft presented in May 2019 in New York the first decentralized infrastructure implementation by a major tech company that is built directly on the Bitcoin blockchain called Ion. Daniel Buchner, who is leading this initiative at Microsoft and a founding member of the Decentralized Identity Foundation, will discuss the culture at Microsoft, how decentralized identity works with Bitcoin and what you need to know to use the Bitcoin blockchain for non-financial transactions.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/daniel-buchner-on-why-microsoft-is-building-on-bitcoin">Daniel Buchner on Why Microsoft is Building Decentralised IDs on Bitcoin</a> 2019-05-17 What Bitcoin Did
<blockquote>
<p>During blockchain week in New York, Microsoft announced the launch of their decentralised identity programme which will use the Bitcoin blockchain to create user identifiers. In this episode, I talk with Daniel Buchner, who is leading this initiative at Microsoft, we discuss the culture at Microsoft, how decentralised IDs work and the ethics of using the Bitcoin blockchain for non-financial transactions.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-active-directory-identity/toward-scalable-decentralized-identifier-systems/ba-p/560168">Toward scalable decentralized identifier systems</a> 2019-05-13 Microsoft
<blockquote>
<p>Today’s post is the next step in realizing our vision for the future of decentralized identities, <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/blog/2018/02/12/decentralized-digital-identities-and-blockchain-the-future-as-we-see-it/">which we laid out last year</a>. We believe every person needs a decentralized, digital identity they own and control, backed by self-owned identifiers that enable secure, privacy preserving interactions. This self-owned identity must seamlessly integrate into their lives and put them at the center of everything they do in the digital world.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RE2DjfY">Decentralized Identity - Own and control your identity</a> 2018-09-24 Microsoft Identity Whitepaper
<blockquote>
<p>Microsoft cloud identity systems already empower developers, organizations, and billions of people to work, play, and achieve more, but there’s so much more we can do to create a world where each of us, even in displaced populations, can pursue our life goals, including educating our children, improving our quality of life, and starting a business.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion">decentralized-identity/ion</a> 2023-05-20 DIF
<blockquote>
<p>ION is a public, permissionless, Decentralized Identifier (DID) network that implements the blockchain-agnostic Sidetree protocol on top of Bitcoin (as a ‘Layer 2’ overlay) to support DIDs/DPKI (Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure) at scale.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion/blob/master/install-guide.md">Install Guide</a> 2023-01-26 DIF
<blockquote>
<p>An implementation of the Sidetree protocol atop the Bitcoin blockchain.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-integration-test">ion-integration-test</a> 2022-03-18
<blockquote>
<p>An integration test script that helps verify that the sidetree microservices are working properly.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-sdk">ion-sdk</a> 2023-06-21
<blockquote>
<p>TypeScript SDK for ION</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/decentralized-identity/ion-tools">ion-tools</a> 2023-06-23
<blockquote>
<p>Tools and utilities to make working with the ION network and using ION DIDs easy peasy lemon squeezy</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="btcr">BTCR</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/didm-btcr/">BTCR DID Method</a> • [source](https://github.com/w3c-ccg/didm-btcr
<ul>
<li>The Bitcoin Reference method has minimal design goals: a DID trust anchor based on the Bitcoin blockchain, updates publicly visible and auditable via Bitcoin transactions, and optionally, additional DID Document information referenced in the transaction OP_RETURN data field. No other Personal Identifiable Information (PII) would be placed on the immutable blockchain.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://weboftrustinfo.github.io/btcr-tx-playground.github.io/">The BTCR DID Method playground</a> 2019-11-14 Rebooting Web of Trust</li>
<li><a href="https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust-spring2018/blob/master/final-documents/btcr-resolver.pdf">BTCR DID Resolver Specification</a> 2018-04-17 Rebooting Web of Trust
<blockquote>
<p>This describes the process of resolving a BTCR DID into a DID Document. The draft reference implementation is available at <a href="https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/btcr-did-tools-js">https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/btcr-did-tools-js</a> (see didFormatter.js). Note not all steps described in this document are implemented yet.</p>
<p>See the <a href="https://weboftrustinfo.github.io/btcr-tx-playground.github.io/">BTCR playground</a> for a live demonstration. The BTCR playground uses the draft reference implementation BTCR DID resolver.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="about-btcr">About BTCR</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.smartcontractresearch.org/t/research-summary-studying-bitcoin-privacy-attacks-and-their-impact-on-bitcoin-based-identity-methods/1790">Research Summary: Studying Bitcoin privacy attacks and their Impact on Bitcoin-based Identity Methods</a> 2022-07 SmartContractResearch
<blockquote>
<p>We investigate the privacy of the method <a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/didm-btcr/">did:btcr</a> based on the criteria adopted from <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6973">RFC 6973</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Surveillance</li>
<li>Correlation</li>
<li>Identification</li>
<li>Secondary Use</li>
<li>Disclosure</li>
<li>Misattribution</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@kimdhamilton/btcr-did-method-updates-d0fd14386139">BTCR DID Method Updates</a> 2019-07-01 Kim Hamilton Duffy
<blockquote>
<p>The Bitcoin Reference DID method (did:btcr) is designed as a minimal, secure, and open Decentralized Identifier (DID) method anchored to the Bitcoin blockchain. DIDs are an interoperable locator for identity that does not require permission from anyone else. The BTCR method specifically is fully open source — not tied to a commercial vendor — which makes it a valuable vendor-agnostic demonstration of the emerging DID specification.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://ssimeetup.org/dids-demystified-hands-intro-dids-btcr-did-method-kim-hamilton-duffy-webinar-5/">DIDs Demystified: A hands-on intro to DIDs via the BTCR DID Method – Kim Hamilton Duffy – Webinar 5</a> 2018-06-01 Kim Hamilton Duffy SSI Meetup
<blockquote>
<p>This talk will demystify Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) via the simple Bitcoin Reference (BTCR) DID Method. Kim will introduce the basics of DIDs and show how they work in action through demos of the creation/updating and resolution process in BTCR. We’ll build on this knowledge by discussing advanced features enabled by DIDs, along with a brief survey of other DID methods. By the end of the talk, you’ll be able to create and resolve your own BTCR DIDs through the live BTCR playground.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rwot5-boston/tree/master/topics-and-advance-readings/first-xdi-link-contract-between-btcr-did-and-sov-did.md">First XDI Link Contract between “btcr” DID and “sov” DID</a> 2017-10-02 Markus Sabadello
<blockquote>
<p>We describe an XDI link contract established between two XDI peers, one of which is identified by a btcr DID, and one by a sov DID. We believe this is the first working example of cross-DID-method data sharing and messaging.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="prior-work">Prior Work</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://vinnylingham.com/civic-enabling-the-future-of-privacy-digital-security-with-chainauth-b79d61904d4c">Enabling the future of privacy &amp; digital security with ChainAuth™</a> 2017-03-25 Vinny Lingham Civic
<blockquote>
<p>So, what’s so special about Civic and how does it work? We’ve been developing a new type of authentication service, called ChainAuth™, which uses the Bitcoin Blockchain to validate your identity credentials — your personal information is never stored on the blockchain, but we utilize the cryptographic infrastructure to ensure that the data on your device is never changed or compromised.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.newsbtc.com/2015/09/09/bitnation-taps-blockchain-tech-to-aid-refugees/">Bitnation taps Blockchain tech to aid Refugees</a> 2015-09-09 NewsBTC
<blockquote>
<p>According to its website, the BRER is a humanitarian aid project of BitNation to facilitate and provide emergency services and humanitarian aid to refugees during the European Refugee Crisis of September 2015. But while some bitcoin companies have made use mostly of the cryptocurrency to funnel donations, BitNation is focusing on the applications of the distributed public ledger.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Identity_protocol_v1">Identity protocol v1</a> 2015-05-14 bitcoin wiki
<blockquote>
<p>tl;dr: A “master public key” generated by the user forms the root of digital trust.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Traditional identity systems typically suffer from single points of failure, lack of interoperability, and privacy issues such as encouraging mass data collection and user tracking. Blockchain technology has the potential to support novel data ownership and governance models with built-in control and consent mechanisms, which may benefit both users and businesses by alleviating these concerns; as a result, blockchain-based IDMSs are beginning to proliferate.">
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<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Blockchain and Self Sovereign Identity
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6 minute read
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<i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
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<li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li>
<li><a href="#general">General</a></li>
<li><a href="#do-you-need-a-blockchain">Do you need a blockchain?</a></li>
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<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/80805.html">ISO/TR 23249:2022 – Overview of existing DLT systems for identity management</a> 2022-05 ISO
<blockquote>
<p>This document covers the following topics:</p>
<ul>
<li>Managing identity for individuals, organizations, things (IoT &amp; objects), functions and processes and other entities including within and across DLT systems.</li>
<li>Description of the actors and their interactions and common interfaces.</li>
<li>Architectures.</li>
<li>Existing relevant standards and frameworks.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[NIST CYBERSECURITY WHITE PAPER] <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.00929.pdf"><strong><em>A Taxonomic Approach to Understanding Emerging Blockchain Identity Management Systems</em></strong></a> 2019-06-09
<blockquote>
<p>Identity management systems (IDMSs) are widely used to provision user identities while managing authentication, authorization, and data sharing both within organizations as well as on the Internet more broadly. Traditional identity systems typically suffer from single points of failure, lack of interoperability, and privacy issues such as encouraging mass data collection and user tracking. Blockchain technology has the potential to support novel data ownership and governance models with built-in control and consent mechanisms, which may benefit both users and businesses by alleviating these concerns; as a result, blockchain-based IDMSs are beginning to proliferate. This work categorizes these systems into a taxonomy based on differences in architecture, governance models, and other salient features. We provide context for the taxonomy by describing related terms, emerging standards, and use cases, while highlighting relevant security and privacy considerations.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://essay.utwente.nl/71274/1/Baars_MA_BMS.pdf">Towards Self-Sovereign Identity using Blockchain Technology</a> 2016-10-26
<blockquote>
<p>Blockchain technology could function as the foundation of such system being a network for decentralized trust and exchange. Because everyone can participate as issuer or acquirer (and both), there are low adoption barriers and low costs. This allows new business opportunities for governments, banks and other authorities and more transparency and control for end-users.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="general">General</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://moneymorning.com/2022/04/08/12-ways-crypto-and-blockchain-tech-will-change-the-world-and-boost-your-bottom-line/">12 Ways Crypto and Blockchain Tech Will Change the World (and Boost Your Bottom Line)</a> 2022-04-08
<blockquote>
<p>No. 7: Protecting Our Personal Data<br>
Called a “self-sovereign identity,” it would keep the data with the individual. People would use the Secure ID for online interactions; any data sent would be encrypted. But the key is that those online entities would not store the data themselves. So, there would be no more huge, centralized places where personal data could be stolen.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[curated list] <a href="https://github.com/peacekeeper/blockchain-identity">Peacekeeper’s Blockchain and Identity</a> 2021-11-23</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medium.com/coinmonks/three-approaches-to-self-sovereign-identity-based-on-blockchain-301b18a49345">Three approaches to Self-Sovereign Identity based on blockchain</a> 2021-10-20 Rosario De Chiara Coinmonks
<blockquote>
<p>The third approach is, in a way, derived from the previous one, and is the one pursued by <a href="https://www.uport.me/">uPort/Serto</a>: the blockchain has one single registry that tracks down just the revocation of credentials,</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://indicio.tech/identity-blockchains-and-energy-consumption/">Identity Blockchains and Energy Consumption</a> 2021-10-19 Indicio
A decentralized network using a blockchain-based distributed ledger means you can use <a href="https://identity.foundation/peer-did-method-spec/">Peer DIDs</a> to move most “transactions” and their cryptographic proofing off ledger. This means that for those peer-to-peer interactions, identity blockchains don’t need to do any ledger transactions at all.</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/04/legitimacy_and_decentralized_systems.shtml">Legitimacy and Decentralized Systems</a> 2021-04 Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Why are some decentralized systems accepted and widely used while others wither? Why do some “hard forks” succeed while others fail? It all comes down to legitimacy.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.hyperledger.org/blog/2021/04/21/why-distributed-ledger-technology-dlt-for-identity">Why Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) for Identity?</a> 2021-04-21 Hyperledger
<blockquote>
<p>So why DLT? First, we can get the good parts of paper credentials—private transactions between holders and verifiers and no callback to the issuer. Second, the issuer gets a trusted, open and transparent way to publish the cryptographic material needed for those private holder-verifier transactions. Third, there is no need to have a “Trusted Third Party” participating in the interactions.</p>
<p>And did I mention, no private data goes on the DLT!!!</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://cyber.ee/blog/2021/04-21/">Digital Identity and Blockchain – Its Place in Newer Identity Models</a> 2021-04-21
<blockquote>
<p>In the <a href="https://cyber.ee/blog/2021/04-14/">first part of this series</a>, we introduced the idea that traditional PKI-based digital identity solutions can potentially benefit from blockchain technology.
[…]
For this next part of the series, we’ll touch on the relatively new idea of self-sovereign identity, or SSI.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://medium.com/trinsic/blockchain-is-the-least-interesting-thing-about-self-sovereign-identity-75c1b56ce497">Blockchain is the Least Interesting Thing About Self-sovereign Identity</a> 2020-09-23 Riley Huges
<blockquote>
<p>as useful as blockchain is for SSI, it’s nowhere near as interesting as:</p>
<ul>
<li>The impact on the internet</li>
<li>The benefits of technical standards</li>
<li>The economic opportunity for early innovators</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l04AHP7kPPw">Identity and Distributed Ledger - Today and Tomorrow - June 26 - Identiverse 2019</a> 2019-06-26
<blockquote>
<p>Join our expert panel, moderated by Paul Madsen, as they discuss and debate the future of distributed identity technology and its applications in solving identity problems.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://twitter.com/windley/status/1071469217650638848">If ledger isn’t used, then every issuer of a credential has to maintain infrastructure</a> 2018-12-09 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>or contract service provider to respond to DID resolution &amp; revocation requests. And, credential issuers would know when the credential was used, impacting privacy.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://blockchan.ge/fieldreport/identity.html">Part 3: Blockchange and Identity – The Foundational Use Case</a> GovLab 2018-11-01
<blockquote>
<p>The contemporary IAM literature focuses on two central types of identity. The first is foundational identity, which is usually equated with legal identity. Here, after collecting attributes, individuals are issued a unique ID that is legally recognized at the national level and can be used to access different services. Legal IDs are almost always issued by the state in a centralized fashion. National ID cards are perhaps the best example of a foundational identity.</p>
<p>The second type is called functional or transactional ID. In this case, a particular entity, public or private, issues individuals or customers a unique ID that is only valid for the specific purposes previously established by the issuing entity. Electoral identities, health or car insurance cards, and ecommerce login credentials are good examples.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.kuppingercole.com/blog/kuppinger/blockchain-identity-success-factors-and-challenges">Blockchain Identity – Success Factors and Challenges</a> 2018-05-16 Martin Kuppinger
<blockquote>
<p>When new things arrive, which are still in the pioneering stage and far from reaching maturity, there is always a lot of discussion. This is even more true for Blockchain Identity, where the massive hype around Blockchains, a long history of clever ideas failing, and a few interesting technical and security challenges come together. During my keynote at this year’s EIC, I addressed the challenges and success factors for Blockchain ID as well. That led to a discussion on Twitter about whether some of these success factors are contradictory.
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/bMbh6N7.png" alt=""></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://identitywoman.net/putting-hashed-pii-immutable-ledgerblockchain-bad-idea/">Is putting hashed PII on any immutable ledger(blockchain) is a bad Idea</a> 2018-02-03 Identity Woman
<blockquote>
<p>I decided to open a thread On Twitter for ID &amp; security professionals to share why (/if) putting hashed PII on any immutable ledger(blockchain) is a bad Idea.<br>
Not everyone agreed that it was bad if certain things were done right.<br>
There were 15 direct responses and then a whole lot of subthreads.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hUYpvI43bHA">Blockchain-Anchored Identity – A Gateway to Decentralized Apps and Services</a> 2017-05-10 Daniel Buchner
<blockquote>
<p>Blockchains possess unique properties that can be used to build systems that significantly impact our world. Perhaps no area of utilization, besides raw value exchange, is as intriguing as decentralized identity. In this talk we will discuss how blockchain-anchored decentralized identity can be used as a substrate for secure, user-centric apps and services.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.windley.com/archives/2016/09/self-sovereign_identity_and_the_legitimacy_of_permissioned_ledgers.shtml">Self-Sovereign Identity and the Legitimacy of Permissioned Ledgers</a> 2016-09
<blockquote>
<p>This post justifies the claim that an identity system based on a permissioned distributed ledger is legitimately self-sovereign. The post also examines the claims to legitimacy that social login and distributed ledger identity systems make.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://www.kuppingercole.com/blog/kuppinger/blockchain-for-identity-myth-or-potential">Blockchain for Identity - Myth or Potential</a> 2018-06-16
<blockquote>
<p>Authentication might definitely become simpler, by having various authenticators and IDs, from eIDs to social logins, associated with a wallet. Just one simple store to get access. Yes, there are challenges in creating secure, easy-to-use wallets, but there is potential as well.
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/YSyv11h.png" alt=""></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="do-you-need-a-blockchain">Do you need a blockchain?</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="https://weh.wtf/ssi.html">SSI-on-Blockchain is Objectively a Bad Thing</a> 2022-07-08 Niko
<blockquote>
<p>“Blockchain” in SSI exists for PR only, not for engineering reasons.<br>
Note: I am only going to talk about the “blockchain” part of Self-sovereign Identity. Many things, good and bad, can be said about self-sovereign identity, but in order to keep the scope of this document manageable, I’ll leave the broader SSI-discussion to others.
* <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20211205223357/https://jolocom.io/blog/dezentrale-identitaten-%E2%89%A0-blockchain-2/">Self Sovereign Identity ≠ Blockchain</a> 2021-11-09 Jolocom
Due to the ID-Wallet project in Germany, some articles and comments have equated Self Sovereign Identity (SSI) with blockchain technology in the last few weeks. The impression is given that SSI only works in conjunction with a blockchain. Spoiler, that’s not the case.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>
<a href="https://academy.affinidi.com/do-you-need-blockchain-for-enabling-ssi-452d62b34890">Do You Need Blockchain for Enabling SSI?</a> 2021-08-13 Affinidi
<blockquote>
<p>We hope this will get you thinking about enabling SSI using an option that best suits your application or business requirement.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[tweet thread] <a href="https://twitter.com/Steve_Lockstep/status/1425924860312645633">Technically you’re right. Blockchain is not inherent to DIDs</a> 2021-08-13 Steve Wilson
<blockquote>
<p>Most DID presentations (as with much SSI) open with a bit of a disclaimer that these technologies don’t need blockchain. And yet the word-association is strong. Many DID block diagrams feature a blockchain. -/2</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-09">June 9, 2023</time></p>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="headline" content="IOTA Foundation">
<meta itemprop="description" content="The IOTA Foundation is the Next-Generation Blockchain and was initiated with a very clear and focused vision of enabling the paradigm shift of the Internet of Things, Industry 4.0 and a trustless ‘On Demand Economy’ through establishing a de facto standardized ‘Ledger of Everything’.It aims to enable all connected devices through verification of truth and transactional settlements which incentivize devices to make available its properties and data in real time.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/iota-foundation/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">IOTA Foundation
</a>
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3 minute read
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<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<p><a href="https://www.iota.org/">Website</a> • <a href="https://medium.com/iotatangle/tagged/self-sovereign-identity">Blog</a> • <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/iotafoundation/">Linkedin</a> • <a href="https://docs.iota.org/">Docs</a> • <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.iota.selv.demo">GPlay</a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>IOTA Foundation is a non-profit organization and creator of the Tangle, a permissionless, multi-dimensional distributed ledger, designed as a foundation of a global protocol for all things connected.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://files.iota.org/comms/IOTA_The_Case_for_a_Unified_Identity.pdf">The Case for a Unified Identity</a> Our Vision for a Unified Identity Protocol on the Tangle for Things, Organizations, and Individuals</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YnGFHhxua8">Establishing Trust between People, Organizations and Things</a> (Video)
<blockquote>
<p>The concept of digital identity, implemented in the Tangle Identity Eclipse project, provides this layer of trust that the online world requires. Build on IOTA’s Tangle and the standards of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) of DID and Verifiable Credentials, people, organizations, and things can identify each other, share data, and instantly verify the integrity of this data. They remain fully in control over their data in a privacy-first process. A few examples of how Tangle Identity can be used:</p>
<ul>
<li>Digitizing physical documents such as passports and licenses, creating reusable Know Your Customer (KYC) information.</li>
<li>Verifiable company registrations and proof of employment to prevent phishing and fraud.</li>
<li>Proof of authenticity, signed by the manufacturer, creating trust in devices and their capabilities.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://tangle.ee">Tangle EE Eclipse Working Group</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.iota.org/releasing-iota-identity-alpha-a-standard-framework-for-digital-identity-cebabd108b4f/">Releasing IOTA Identity Alpha: A Standard Framework for Digital Identity</a>
<blockquote>
<p>In this blog, you will find the alpha-release of IOTA Identity, open-sourcing our Selv app, and the announcement of the Identity X-Team. For those that participate at Odyssey Momentum, we also prepared a hackathon package near the bottom of this blog.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/iotaledger/identity.rs/">iotaledger/identity.rs</a>
<blockquote>
<p>IOTA Identity is a <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/">Rust</a> implementation of decentralized digital identity, also known as Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). It implements standards such as the W3C <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/did-core/">Decentralized Identifiers (DID)</a> and <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model/">Verifiable Credentials</a> and the DIF <a href="https://identity.foundation/didcomm-messaging/spec/">DIDComm Messaging</a> specifications alongside supporting methods. This framework can be used to create and authenticate digital identities, creating a trusted connection and sharing verifiable information, establishing trust in the digital world.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://selv.iota.org/demo/app">Selv</a> (<a href="https://github.com/iotaledger/selv-mobile">GitHub</a>)
<blockquote>
<p>Share your health status and other personal credentials securely and privately.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://identity.iotaexperience.team/">Iota Identity Experience Team</a> - <a href="https://github.com/iota-community/X-Team_IOTA_Identity">GitHub</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The IOTA Identity Experience Team is a collaborative effort to provide help, guidance and spotlight to the IOTA Identity Community through offering feedback and introducing consistent workflows around IOTA Identity.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/futures-in-long-termism/persistent-selv-d125252b20c">Persistent Selv</a> - A self-sovereign digital identity (SSID) empowering individuals to engage in heritage and legacy-planning, establishing trusted connections with future generations and their environment.
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://darkmatter-labs.medium.com/">Dark Matter Labs</a> and IOTA Foundation — with significant conceptual contributions from Futures Literacy experts at UNESCO and Finland Futures Research Centre at University of Turku — are launching Persistent Selv; an exploratory demo app empowering individuals to improve their ecological footprints, by prospecting their environmental legacies and establishing trusted connections with future generations.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="series-on-iota-in-the-deep-demonstration-on-long-termism">series on IOTA in the Deep Demonstration on Long-Termism.</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://blog.iota.org/iota-foundation-and-eit-climate-kic-on-the-road-to-a-long-term-future/">IOTA Foundation and EIT Climate KIC on the Road to a Long-Term Future Social Impact</a>
<blockquote>
<p>In this short series, we want to share with you our learning and insight from this novel approach. In this part, we will explore the concept of Long Termism, how EIT Climate KIC orchestrates a diverse group to design new tools and interventions and how the IOTA Foundation contributes to this initiative.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.iota.org/long-term-cooperation-iota-foundation-signs-memorandum-of-understanding-with-eit-climate-kic/">Long-Term Cooperation: IOTA Foundation signs Memorandum of Understanding with EIT Climate KIC</a>
<blockquote>
<p>At the IOTA Foundation, we fundamentally believe that a new time requires novel approaches to governance. As the first non-profit foundation in the European Union that was financed with a cryptocurrency endowment, we pioneered such novel arrangements in what we think will serve the IOTA protocol best in the very long term. Throughout the year we have been sharing our learning and have been working with diverse thought leaders and renowned organizations from the field of sustainable finance and economics to strategize how we can create the structure to support long-term impact initiatives.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://blog.iota.org/persistent-selv-an-interactive-demo-around-long-term-digital-identity/">Persistent Self: An interactive demo around long-term digital identity</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Today, we want to share with you the result of an experimental demonstration project we have been working on with a number of compelling partners. First and foremost, this demo is the result of a collaboration with Dark Matter Labs, a strategic discovery, design and development lab. Built on Selv, IOTA´s self-sovereign identity (SSID) demonstration platform, we want to give you a glimpse into digital identities and how they can impact mankind’s sustainability in the future. It is important to stress that this is an experiment and collaborative thought experiment and we are grateful to EIT Climate KIC to have the foresight of supporting such bold developments.</p>
</blockquote>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2021-04-14">April 14, 2021</time></p>
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Ontology">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Ontology is a high performance, open source blockchain specializing in digital identity and data. Ontology’s unique infrastructure supports robust cross-chain collaboration and Layer 2 scalability, offering businesses the flexibility to design a blockchain that suits their needs. With a suite of decentralized identity and data sharing protocols to enhance speed, security, and trust, Ontology’s features include ONT ID, a mobile digital ID application and DID used throughout the ecosystem, and DDXF, a decentralized data exchange, and collaboration framework.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/blockchain/ontology/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Ontology
</a>
</h1>
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<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<aside class="sidebar__right ">
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#main">Main</a></li><li><a href="#ontid">OntID</a><ul><li><a href="#product">Product</a></li><li><a href="#identity-repos">Identity Repos</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="main">Main</h2>
<p><strong><a href="https://ont.io/">Website</a> • <a href="https://onto.app">Onto.App</a> • <a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork">Blog</a> • <a href="https://github.com/ontio/">GitHub</a> • <a href="https://t.me/OntologyNetwork">Telegram</a> • <a href="https://twitter.com/OntologyNetwork">Twitter</a> • <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXzLZJgDglAWRU0b2GOa7pA">Youtube</a> • <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ontology-network-official/">Linkedin</a> • <a href="https://discordapp.com/invite/pQRHtbD">Discord</a></strong></p>
<p>A “Distributed Trust Network” which combines a cross-chain identity system, peer-to-peer data transmission, data authorization mechanisms, distributed data storage, attestation, and various industry-specific modules. It also includes an Ontology Crypto Package (OCP) and an Ontology Marketplace (OM).</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontology-is-now-officially-a-technical-provider-for-enterprise-solutions-through-cointelegraph-80db38c45489">Ontology is Now Officially a Technical Provider for Enterprise Solutions through Cointelegraph</a>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://cointelegraph.com/advertise">With over 5 million unique visitors each month and over 17 million page views</a>, Cointelegraph has rapidly established itself as one of the media anchors in the blockchain space. But the readers it attracts aren’t merely traders, enthusiasts, or bitcoin fiends — rather, Cointelegraph has quietly established itself as a legitimate mediator between established enterprises and blockchain technology providers. As a result, a <a href="https://cointelegraph.com/consulting">consulting arm</a> was launched that aims to “connect the world between blockchain and traditional institutions of all sizes by bringing wider adoption of digital assets and enterprise-grade blockchain solutions through education and professional consulting services.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[White Paper] <a href="https://ont.io/wp/Ontology-Trust-Framework-White-Paper-EN-2.0.0.pdf">Ontology Trust Framework</a> 2019/07 V2.0
<blockquote>
<p>Through history, people have established trust from different dimensions and methods, for instances, via technology, legal system and communities etc. However, multi-source, multi-system and multi-method single-point trust collaboration will incur very high collaboration costs, hindering the depth and breadth of trust collaboration. Although internet technology changes rapidly, but the pain points of trust still exist today, such as trusted source decentralization, data fragmentation, lack of individual roles, identity verification and difficulty in identifying false information. During the collaboration process of society governance, economic collaboration, and financial service, there is a large amount of cost incurred by “trust” every day.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="ontid">OntID</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ontid.ont.io/">OntID</a> - <a href="https://docs.ont.io/">Docs</a>
<blockquote>
<p>ONT ID is a decentralized identity framework based on the W3C recommendations for decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials, using blockchain and cryptographic technology, that can quickly identify and connect people, data, and services. It is decentralized, self-sovereign, privacy-preserving, and easy to use, enabling users to fully control their own data and identities.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Docs] <a href="https://docs.ont.io/v/v2.2/ontology-elements/ontid">Ontology’s decentralized identity framework</a> 2020-04-03 Ontology
<blockquote>
<p>Ontology establishes a decentralized trust model and a distributed trust delivery system through ONT ID and a mechanism that uses verifiable claims. It uses the zero-knowledge proof protocol to assure the privacy protection of verifiable claims. Through ONT ID, Ontology will also incorporate various authentication service agencies, and establish multi-source authentication to achieve a more complete picture of the respective entity’s identity.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://ont.io/news/748">Enter Web 3.0 with ONT ID</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The world is becoming increasingly digitized, with Web 3.0 right around the corner. With more and more of our lives being spent online, it is essential to develop a reliable and trustless way to verify who we are. Blockchain has equipped us with the technology needed to not only authenticate identities on-chain, but to do so in a way that protects user privacy. ONT ID is Ontology’s decentralized identity solution, designed to be both trustless and private, empowering users. This article outlines ONT ID’s key features, along with its complementary services, ONT Login and ONT TAG.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Explainer] <a href="https://docs.ont.io/decentralized-identity-and-data/ontid/trust-mechanism">Verifiable Credentials</a>
<blockquote>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/Lk2d9fS.png" alt="" /></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Explainer] <a href="https://docs.ont.io/decentralized-identity-and-data/ontid/trust-mechanism/anonymous-credentials">Anonymous Credentials</a> Ontology
<blockquote>
<p>The anonymous credential scheme is a part of the Ontology Crypto library that provides several cryptography related utilities for the Ontology network. The main features provided by the crypto library basically revolve around digital signature. It provides general APIs for processing digital signatures and keys.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.ont.io/decentralized-identity-and-data/ontid/decentralized-identifiers/method-specification">did:etho Method Specification for Ethereum</a> 2021 Ontology
<blockquote>
<p>Decentralized identifiers (DIDs) are a new type of identifiers that enables verifiable, self-sovereign digital identity. This ETHO DID method specification describes a new DID method, that is, ETHO DID and defines how Ethereum blockchain stores ETHO DIDs and their corresponding DID documents, and how to do CRUD operations on ETHO DID documents.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.ont.io/decentralized-identity-and-data/ontid/decentralized-identifiers/method-specification-1">did:bnb Method Specification for BSC</a> 2021 Ontology
<blockquote>
<p>Decentralized identifiers (DIDs) are a new type of identifiers that enables verifiable, self-sovereign digital identity. This Binance DID method specification describes a new DID method, that is, Binance DID and defines how Binance Smart Chain stores Binance DIDs and their corresponding DID documents, and how to do CRUD operations on Binance DID documents.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="product">Product</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontology-providing-did-solutions-to-music-streaming-platform-rocki-5ae6c1704483">Ontology Providing DID Solutions to NFT + Music Streaming Platform, ROCKI</a> 2021-05-24 Ontology
<blockquote>
<p>NFTs offer creators a novel way to monetize their creations. Unfortunately, there have been reports of artists having their artwork sold by impersonators. This is, in part, due to popular NFT platforms lacking a robust verification process for determining a creator’s identity.</p>
<p>The potential for fraud in the growing NFT market recently attracted the attention of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontology-the-only-decentralized-identity-partner-for-binance-smart-chain-d531efbc569">Ontology Partnership with Binance Smart Chain</a> 2021-02-20
Ontology and Binance have a long history of cooperation and partnership that has generated benefits for both sides, none possibly more important the integration of Ontology’s Decentralized Identity Solution into the Binance Smart Chain. The symbiotic relationship sees Ontology, and ONT ID, as the sole partner for BSC in terms of providing a truly decentralized identity option and KYC user verification.</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontology-builds-on-polkadot-to-accelerate-adoption-of-decentralized-identity-solution-acf7b8357ee">Ontology Builds on Polkadot to Accelerate Adoption Of Decentralized Identity Solution</a> 2020-10-03 Ontology Network
<blockquote>
<p>Developed over the past couple of months, the Ontology <a href="https://github.com/siovanus/DID-substrate">parachain</a> currently consists of a DID Substrate pallet, with plans for further integration of other custom components. Further plans for the Ontology parachain include:</p>
<p>Ontology OScore — an off-chain DID authorization mechanism to manage wallet-identity relationships and provide ID-based credit scores for on-chain actions related to digital assets. The integration of Ontology’s distributed data exchange framework (DDXF), permitting both token association and data tokenization. Expanding DID’s use cases from users to also include data and resources, providing authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) for DID based resource instances via on-chain data access control with data-tokens (tokenization), and association of its value. DDXF provides on-chain AAA for data interoperability cross systems.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/ontology-boosts-security-and-compliance-through-integration-with-chainalysis-3dfce3c154ec">Ontology Boosts Security And Compliance Through Integration With Chainalysis</a> 2020-10-20 Ontology Network
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://ont.io/">Ontology</a>, the high performance, open-source blockchain specializing in digital identity and data, has announced today an integration with <a href="https://www.chainalysis.com/">Chainalysis</a>, the blockchain analysis company.</p>
<p>Ontology will utilize Chainalysis’s compliance and investigative solutions, KYT (Know Your Transaction) and Reactor, to enhance trust, provide a safer experience to traders, and combat illicit activity through transaction monitoring and tracing.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/ontologynetwork/lower-your-collateral-requirements-loan-interests-with-oscore-fb2c835a9998">Lower Your Collateral Requirements &amp; Loan Interests with OScore</a> 2020-10-19 Ontology network
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://ocredit.io/">OScore</a>, the first credit score for the decentralized world built with Ontology’s Decentralized Identity has officially launched. For simplicity, consider OScore an on-chain reputational system that supports cross-chain interaction with verifiable credentials on the Ontology blockchain, hence eliminating third-party verification programs from the process. Once a user authorizes their digital financial data, Ontology’s OScore system automatically generates a quantifiable credit score while ensuring a user’s privacy is fully protected and controlled by themselves.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="identity-repos">Identity Repos</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ontio/ontology-DID">ontology-DID</a> 2020-04-08 Ontology decentralized identification protocol based on W3C DID specifications.
<blockquote>
<p>Ontology DID(Also: ONT ID) is a decentralized identification protocol which based on W3C DID specifications.It supports collaborative services such as distributed and diversified ownership confirmation, identification, and authentication of various entities including individuals, legal entities, objects, and contents. ONT ID establishes a cryptographically-based digital identity for each entity, allowing self-sovereign of data authorization and ownership confirmation, which makes the identity and data truly assets that the user can control. ONT ID has the characteristics of decentralization, self-management, privacy protection, security and ease of use.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ont-id/mercury">Mercury</a> - <a href="https://docs.ont.io/decentralized-identity-and-data/ontid/mercury">Docs</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Mercury is a trustless, peer to peer decentralized communication protocol that makes entities be able to securely transmit messages, verifiable credentials, and verifiable presentations with each other.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ontio/ontology-ddxf">ontology-ddxf</a> - Distributed data eXchange Framework,which allows to build data marketplaces.
<blockquote>
<p>The downsides of centralized data exchange include data caching, use of data without user authorization and data copyright protection. Ontology is proposing a Distributed Data Protocol (ONT Data). Based on the protocol , we have come up with distributed data exchange framework(DDXF) which allows to customize data trading marketplaces with secured data and financial security. With DDXF, the developer of the ontology ecosystem can easily develop decentralized data application that meets the needs of various scenarios with various features.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ontio/ontology-eventbus">ontology-eventbus</a> - The Go Language Implementation of Ontology Actor Model
<blockquote>
<p>Actor is a model of parallel computation model in computer science that treats “actors” as the the universal primitives of concurrent computation. In response to a message that it receives, an actor can make local decisions: make local decisions, create more actor, send more messages, and determine how to respond to the next message received.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ontio/ontid-driver">ontid-driver</a> - ONT ID driver for universal resolver</li>
</ul>
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
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<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<meta itemprop="headline" content="PICOs: Persistent Compute Objects">
<meta itemprop="description" content="every pico is serverless and cloud-native, presenting an API that can be fully customized by developers. Because they’re persistent, picos support databaseless programming with intuitive data isolation. As an actor-model programming system, different picos can operate concurrently without the need for locks, making them a natural choice for easily building decentralized systems.">
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<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2022/07/the_most_inventive_thing_ive_done.shtml">The Most Inventive Thing I’ve Done</a> 2022-07 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>every pico is serverless and cloud-native, presenting an API that can be fully customized by developers. Because they’re persistent, picos support databaseless programming with intuitive data isolation. As an actor-model programming system, different picos can operate concurrently without the need for locks, making them a natural choice for easily building decentralized systems.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/4C/_Introduction_to_Picos">Introduction to Picos</a> 2021-05-06 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>IoT, digital twins, device shadows, Conflict-free replicated data type (CRDT), CSP over DIDcomm</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://picolabs.io">https://picolabs.io</a> Pico Labs</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Picolab/">https://github.com/Picolab/</a> repos</li>
<li><a href="https://picolabs.atlassian.net/wiki">https://picolabs.atlassian.net/wiki</a> documentation</li>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/krl">http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/krl</a> programming Q&amp;A</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/02/persistence_programming_and_picos.shtml">Persistence, Programming, and Picos</a> Phil Windley 2021-02
<blockquote>
<p>Picos show that image-based development can be done in a manner consistent with the best practices we use today without losing the important benefits it brings.</p>
<p>The project name, PICOS, is an abbreviation of “Privacy and Identity Management for Community Services”. The objective of the project is to advance the state of the art in technologies that provide privacy-enhanced identity and trust management features within complex community-supporting services that are built on Next Generation Networks and delivered by multiple communication service providers. The approach taken by the project is to research, develop, build trial and evaluate an open, privacy-respecting, trust-enabling identity management platform that supports the provision of community services by mobile communication service providers.</p>
<p>Learn more about the <a href="http://www.picos-project.eu/Motivation.181.0.html">motivation</a>, the <a href="http://www.picos-project.eu/Objectives.182.0.html">objectives</a>, <a href="http://www.picos-project.eu/Tasks.183.0.html">tasks</a> and <a href="http://www.picos-project.eu/Achievements.190.0.html">achievements</a> of PICOS, and get to know the PICOS exemplary <a href="http://www.picos-project.eu/Communities.184.0.html">communities</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="application">Application</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/11/picos_at_the_edge.shtml">Picos at the Edge</a> 2021-11 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>You can play with this first hand at <a href="https://nofilter.org/">NoFilter.org</a>, which brands itself as a “the world’s first unstoppable, uncensorable, undeplatformable, decentralized freedom of speech app.” There’s no server storing files, just a set of Javascript files that run in your browser. Identity is provided via <a href="https://metamask.io/">Metamask</a> which uses an Ethereum address as your identifier. <a href="https://nofilter.org/#/0xdbca72ed00c24d50661641bf42ad4be003a30b84">I created some posts on NoFilter</a> to explore how it works.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/07/ten_reasons_to_use_picos_for_your_next_decentralized_programming_project.shtml">Ten Reasons to Use Picos for Your Next Decentralized Programming Project</a> 2021-07
<blockquote>
<p>Summary: Picos are a programming model for building decentralized applications that provide significant benefits in the form of abstractions that reduce programmer effort. Here are ten eleven reasons you should use picos for your next decentralized application. Temperature Sensor Network Built from Picos I didn’t start out to write a programming language that naturally supports</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/11P/_Credential-based_login_to_a_Pico-based_application">Credential-based login to a Pico-based application</a> 2021-05-06 Bruce Conrad <a href="https://bruceatbyu.com/s/HRDDSiiw32">slides</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The application that I wanted to demonstrate is what I call a fully-sharded database. BYU wants a community facing Human Resources domain data store, which means that other organizations on campus may wish to access HR data and so far they’ve been doing it by dipping directly into the production transactional database and that’s not a good idea. And so, they have a team implementing a proof of concept using Postgres. And, I’m using picos to implement a fully-sharded alternative proof of concept.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/02/building_decentralized_applications_with_pico_networks.shtml">Building Decentralized Applications with Pico Networks</a> 2021-02 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Building a system of picos for a specific application requires programming them to perform the proper lifecycle management tasks to create the picos that model the application. Wrangler is a ruleset installed in every pico automatically that is the pico operating system. Wrangler provides rules and functions for performing these life-cycle management tasks.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/02/announcing_pico_engine_10.shtml">Announcing Pico Engine 1.0</a> 2021-02 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Pico is short for “Persistent Compute Objects.”
Why Picos</p>
<ul>
<li>Persistent, personal, computational nodes → More individual autonomy</li>
<li>Computational node for anything: person, place, organization, smart thing, dumb thing, concept, even a pothole</li>
<li>Better, more scalable model for IoT → trillion node networks</li>
<li>Picos support social things and trustworthy spaces</li>
<li>Better sharing, more natural relationship-based interactions (borrow my truck, Fuse with two owners)</li>
<li>Scales</li>
<li>Substitutable hosting model → freedom of choice</li>
<li>pico mesh
[…]
What are Picos?</li>
<li>“Pico” is a neologism for persistent compute objects.</li>
<li>Persistence is a core feature of how picos work.</li>
<li>Picos exhibit persistence in three ways:</li>
<li>Persistent identity—Picos exist, with a single identity, continuously from the moment of their creation until they are destroyed.</li>
<li>Persistent state—Picos have state that programs running in the pico can see and alter.</li>
<li>Persistent availability—Picos are always on and ready to process queries and events.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/12dWUFyL7u6OQkhnPObJOOlV-U2LDoHpF-ZQLj3hXbjA/edit">ACA-Pico working group</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Picolab/aries-cloudagent-pico">Picolab/aries-cloudagent-pico</a></li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-09">June 9, 2023</time></p>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Handshake">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Handshake is a UTXO-based blockchain protocol which manages the registration, renewal and transfer of DNS top-level domains (TLDs). Our naming protocol differs from its predecessors in that it has no concept of namespacing or subdomains at the consensus layer. Its purpose is not to replace DNS, but to replace the root zone file and the root servers.">
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<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/decentralized-web/handshake/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Handshake
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2 minute read
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<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<p><strong><a href="https://handshake.org">Website</a> • <a href="https://handshake.org/files/handshake.txt">WhitePaper</a> • <a href="https://handshake-org.github.io/">Docs</a> • <a href="https://twitter.com/hns">Twitter</a> • <a href="https://github.com/handshake-org">Github</a> • <a href="https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=17673922">Hacker News</a></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/amentum/the-case-for-handshake-9b0af0d989fe">The Case for Handshake - A Compelling Bid to Decentralize Domain Names</a> by Steven McKie
<blockquote>
<p>Handshake is public blockchain that will serve as a global list of top-level domain names. By pointing your browser to resolve requests via the Handshake network instead of at your local DNS resolving server, you’ll essentially be looking up websites’ IP addresses on the Handshake blockchain, instead of those maintained on DNS resolvers that are centralized.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://hackernoon.com/everything-you-didnt-know-about-the-handshake-naming-system-how-this-blockchain-project-will-483464309f33">Everything You Didn’t Know About the Handshake Naming System</a>
<blockquote>
<p>Many fail to realize that DNS is already decentralized, with the exception of a single, critical component, of which trust is centralized: the root zone, or simply, a collection of top level domains (TLDs). And this trust anchor is kept by a small federation of authoritative bodies, where ICANN is currently the ultimate authority.</p>
<p>Certificate Authorities in the DNS network constructed the way it is today are the trusted stewards for the operation of the Internet. These stewards, as explained in the project paper, are profit-maximizing entities. Meaning, ICANN has no altruistic incentive to act honestly, yet has every incentive to maintain its natural monopoly over the riches that come with governing a critical layer of the Internet.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://namebase.io/handshake-whitepaper/">Handshake Whitepaper</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The foundation for the internet’s security has relied upon trusted Certificate Authorities (CAs) which attest that a user is connecting to the correct server or node.1 This has created a reliance upon a handful of trusted actors, many of whom are for-profit corporations or other actors who may not have long-term incentive towards stewardship of the internet. The net-effect is a “1-of-m multisig” whereby if any one of the trusted CAs fail, the entire security of the internet fails. This failure has occurred and will continue to occur with the trusted-CA design, with catastrophic risks as more and more infrastructure becomes networked.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/tokendaily/handshake-ens-and-decentralized-naming-services-explained-2e69a1ca1313">Handshake, ENS and Decentralized Naming Services Explained</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The DNS database is large but the distributed nature of the blockchain could store information on millions of devices globally. With the information being stored and with the right consensus mechanism, we can avoid the reason to trust back-end servers to resolve queries. From a security perspective, we could mitigate most attacks by resolving to the immutable blockchain.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="repositories">Repositories</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hsd">handshake-org/hsd</a> - Handshake Daemon &amp; Full Node</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-client">handshake-org/hs-client</a> - REST, websocket, and RPC client for hsd</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/urkel">handshake-org/urkel</a> - Cryptographically provable database (i.e. an urkel tree)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/goosig">handshake-org/goosig</a> - Anonymous RSA signatures</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/handshake-org.github.io">handshake-org/handshake-org.github.io</a> - Handshake developer documentation site</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hnsd">handshake-org/hnsd</a> - Handshake SPV name resolver</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-miner">handshake-org/hs-miner</a> - Mining infrastructure for handshake</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-airdrop">handshake-org/hs-airdrop</a> - Decentralized airdrop to open source developers</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-names">handshake-org/hs-names</a> - Pre-reserved Handshake Names</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hs-tree-data">handshake-org/hs-tree-data</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hdns">handshake-org/hdns</a> - Handshake-capable DNS module for node.js</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/bcuckoo">handshake-org/bcuckoo</a> - Cuckoo Cycle in pure javascript</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/faucet-tool">handshake-org/faucet-tool</a> - A tool to generate mnemonic seeds, keys and addresses for the Handshake Faucet</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/hndshkBot">handshake-org/hndshkBot</a> - IRC Bot for developer faucet</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/handshake-org/libhns">handshake-org/libhns</a> -C library for resolving handshake names (fork of c-ares)</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="System Architecture and Self Sovereign Identity">
<meta itemprop="description" content="In chaotic systems such as those that the discipline of physics seeks to describe, there is also the concept of the “self-organizing principle,” which dictates a tendency for chaotic systems to organize themselves. While this might be a tendency in physics, organization usually needs a nudge in the right direction in the identity world.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-06-23T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/architecture/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">System Architecture and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
5 minute read
</span>
</p>
</header>
<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<aside class="sidebar__right ">
<nav class="toc">
<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#general">General</a></li><li><a href="#decentralized-public-key-infrastructure-dpki">Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure DPKI</a><ul><li><a href="#related">Related</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="general">General</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://twitter.com/dominiumssi/status/1564188374529081345">Centralized\Federated vs Self Sovereign</a> 2022-08-29 dominiumssi
<blockquote>
<p>Anyone who wants to understand DID and Self Sovereign Identity should begin by understanding the graph below. We are shifting the power from the companies to the users. That’s it in a nutshell.
<img src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FbUcnNNacAAUnAs?format=png&amp;name=small" alt="" /></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://points.datasociety.net/good-welfare-bad-platforms-d65b412d962e">Good Welfare, Bad Platforms?: The Risks of Centralized Digital Identity Systems</a> 2022-02-02 OpenID
<blockquote>
<p>As S. Shakthi and I noted in a recent <a href="https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/6279">research paper</a>, digital identity systems are widely seen as datafiers by virtue of their core property of reducing the person to machine-readable data. A datafier is a system that performs the crucial operation of converting the physical into digital. A different, contrasting view is also emerging in research: digital identity systems are increasingly seen as platforms, i.e. “technological building blocks” on which different types of complements can be constructed.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/12/leveraging_the_identity_metasystem.shtml">Leveraging the Identity Metasystem</a> 2021-12 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>the <a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/06/ssi_interaction_patterns.shtml">metasystem guarantees the fidelity of the credential exchange</a>. Credential fidelity comprises four important attributes. Credential exchange on the identity metasystem:</p>
<ol>
<li>Reveals the identifier of the issuer</li>
<li>Ensures the credential was issued to the party presenting it</li>
<li>Ensures the credential has not been tampered with</li>
<li>Reveals whether or not the credential has been revoked</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/10/token-based_identity.shtml">Token-Based Identity</a> 2021-10 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Token-based identity systems move us from talking about who, to thinking about what, so that people can operationalize their digital lives. Token-based identity systems support complex online interactions that are flexible, ad hoc, and cross-domain.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://freecontent.manning.com/the-basic-building-blocks-of-ssi/">The Basic Building Blocks of SSI</a> 2020-07-29 Drummond Reed, Alex Preukschat Manning
<blockquote>
<p>In many cases these core concepts have been established for decades. What’s new is how they’re put together to create a new model for digital identity management. The purpose of this article is to quickly familiarize you with these seven basic building blocks from a conceptual and technical point-of-view.</p>
<ul>
<li>Verifiable credentials (aka digital credentials)</li>
<li>Issuers, holders, and verifiers</li>
<li>Digital wallets</li>
<li>Digital agents and hubs</li>
<li>Decentralized identifiers (DIDs)</li>
<li>Blockchains</li>
<li>Governance frameworks (aka trust frameworks)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.evernym.com/blog/your-user-is-your-api/">Your User is Your API</a> 2021-05-17 Evernym
<blockquote>
<p>The customer becomes the integration point. The customer is the API. Rather than having one huge, expensive, and probably illegal data hub, every customer becomes a data hub in their own right. They provide the data needed, just-in-time, under their control.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/blog/posts/2021/authentication-vs-authorization.html">The Unbundling of Authentication vs Authorization - What You Need to Know</a> 2021-09-08 Ping Identity
<blockquote>
<p>Authentication and authorization are both processes that fall under the category of <a href="https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/blog/posts/2017/what-is-identity-and-access-management-iam.html">identity and access management (IAM)</a>, but they serve different purposes.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://stateofidentity.libsyn.com/zero-trust-architecture">The Buzz Behind Zero Trust</a> 2021-10-21 State of Identity
<blockquote>
<p>The Zero Trust model is the belief that no one should be trusted from inside or outside your network, until their identity has been verified. Zero trust refers to the alignment of maturing identity practices, an established understanding of user behaviors, and the application of least-privilege access security policy decisions to trust boundOaries</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pingidentity.com/en/company/blog/posts/2021/what-is-zero-trust.html">What Is Zero Trust?</a> 2021 Ping
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>The network is always assumed to be hostile.</li>
<li>External and internal threats exist on the network at all times.</li>
<li>Network locality is not sufficient for deciding trust in a network.</li>
<li>Every device, user and network flow is authenticated and authorized.</li>
<li>Policies must be dynamic and calculated from as many sources of data as possible.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://academy.affinidi.com/compare-and-contrast-federated-identity-vs-self-sovereign-identity-227a85cbab18">Compare and Contrast — Federated Identity vs Self-sovereign Identity</a> 2021-04-26 Affinidi
<blockquote>
<p>The next step was a federated form of identity where third parties issued digital identity credentials using which users could log into other websites or services. Typically, these were your Google and Facebook logins. In the process, these third parties that issued federated identities became the middlemen.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pingidentity.com/en/resources/blog/post/sso-practitioners-introduction-decentralized-identity.html">The SSO Practitioner’s Introduction to Decentralized Identity</a> 2020-10-13
<em>Written for IAM professionals familiar with federations.</em>
<blockquote>
<p>In most self-sovereign and decentralized identity systems the trust model is fundamentally unidirectional, where a verifier will trust the issuer, but the issuer may have no knowledge of the verifier.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2020/09/the_architecture_of_identity_systems.shtml">The Architecture of Identity Systems</a> 2020-09 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>We can broadly classify identity systems into one of three types based on their architectures and primary root of trust:</p>
<ul>
<li>Administrative</li>
<li>Algorithmic</li>
<li>Autonomic</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/never-mind-who-i-am-ask-me-my-credentials-john-phillips/">Never mind who I am, ask me about my credentials</a> 2020-02-09 John Phillips
<blockquote>
<p>Many (most) identity systems make a fundamental assumption that is built into their very architecture. This assumption creates three significant problems: privacy erosion; toxic data stores; and poor security.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://maciek.blog/p/dit">Decentralized Identity Trilemma</a> 2018-08-13 Maciek Laskus
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Self-sovereignty — anybody can create and control as many identities1 as they wish without 3rd party involvement.</li>
<li>Privacy-preserving — one can acquire and utilize an identifier without revealing their ‘real name’ or other personality identifying information.</li>
<li>Sybil-resistant — identity is subject to scarcity; i.e., creating more identifiers cannot be used to manipulate a system2.</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://blogs.harvard.edu/vrm/2012/03/25/ssi/">Self-Sovereign vs Administrative Identity</a> 2012-03-25 Doc Searls
<blockquote>
<p>The problem I’m trying to surface here is that we need full respect for self-sovereign identities, and identifiers, before we can solve the problem of highly fractured and incompatible administrative identifiers — a problem that has only become worse with the growth of the Web, where by design we are always the submissive and dependent party: calves to administrative cows.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="decentralized-public-key-infrastructure-dpki">Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure DPKI</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/WebOfTrustInfo/rebooting-the-web-of-trust/blob/master/final-documents/dpki.pdf">Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure</a> 2015-12-24 rwot1
<blockquote>
<p>Today’s Internet places control of online identities into the hands of third-parties. Email addresses, usernames, and website domains are borrowed or “rented” through DNS, X.509, and social networks. This results in severe usability and security challenges Internet-wide. This paper describes a possible alternate approach called decentralized public key infrastructure (DPKI), which returns control of online identities to the entities they belong to. By doing so, DPKI addresses many usability and security challenges that plague traditional public key infrastructure (PKI). DPKI has advantages at each stage of the PKI life cycle. It makes permissionless bootstrapping of online identities possible and provides for the simple creation of stronger SSL certificates. In usage, it can help “Johnny” to finally encrypt thanks to its relegation of public key management to secure decentralized datastores. Finally, it includes mechanisms to recover lost or compromised identifiers.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="related">Related</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/M.AlBassam/publications/scpki-bcc17.pdf">SCPKI: A Smart Contract-based PKI and Identity System</a></li>
<li><a href="https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/3332/0.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y">KeyChains: A Decentralized Public-Key Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318584251_ClaimChain_Decentralized_Public_Key_Infrastructure">ClaimChain: Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/803.pdf">A Decentralized Public Key Infrastructure with Identity Retention</a></li>
<li><a href="https://isrdc.iitb.ac.in/blockchain/workshops/2017-iitb/papers/paper-11%20-%20Decentralized%20PKI%20in%20blockchain%20and%20Smart%20contract.pdf">Privacy based decentralized Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) implementation using Smart contract in Blockchain</a></li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-23">June 23, 2023</time></p>
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Instead of putting PII and biometrics in the same database, we need to put them in different places, but prove that there’s a link between the holder of a biometric cred and the holder of other PII.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/biometrics/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Biometrics and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
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4 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#guidance">Guidance</a></li><li><a href="#policy">Policy</a></li><li><a href="#standards">Standards</a></li><li><a href="#development">Development</a></li><li><a href="#caution">Caution</a></li><li><a href="#company">Company</a></li><li><a href="#product">Product</a></li></ul>
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</aside>
<h2 id="explainer">Explainer</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://stateofidentity.libsyn.com/my-voice-is-my-password">My Voice is my Password</a> 2022-04-21 State of Identity
<blockquote>
<p>How can biometrics help improve accessibility to critical services? On this week’s State of Identity podcast, host Cameron D’Ambrosi is joined by Chief Fraud Prevention Officer for security and biometrics at Nuance, Simon Marchand. Tune in for their discussion about the cutting edge of biometric voice recognition technology, and its potential to transform identity verification and the user experience across channels.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://findbiometrics.com/survey-finds-customers-frustrated-passwords-open-biometrics-7102106/">Survey Finds Customers Frustrated With Passwords, Open to Biometrics</a> 2021-10-14 FindBiometrics
<blockquote>
<p>Passwords were a major point of contention in that regard, with a strong majority (68 percent) of consumers indicating that it is difficult to remember and key in a large number of passwords. Nearly half (44 percent) believe that biometric authenticators are easier to use, while 34 percent would prefer to use them as their primary means of identity</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://diacc.ca/2020/12/16/exploring-facial-biometrics-what-is-it/">Exploring Facial Biometrics</a> 2020-12-16 DIACC
<blockquote>
<p>Policymakers, privacy advocates, and regulators understand that new technologies are being added to existing facial biometric matching to render leaked personal data useless and ensure that any leaked biometric data is both isolated and encrypted to reduce the impacts on individuals from an identity fraud perspective.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="guidance">Guidance</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://diacc.ca/2022/01/13/guidance-on-the-acceptable-use-of-biometrics/">Guidance on the Acceptable Use of Biometrics – DIACC Special Interest Group Insights</a> 2022-01-13 DIACC
<blockquote>
<p>With input from public and private sector DIACC members and liaisons, the following guidance was created as a recommendation that the DIACC’s Trust Framework Expert Committee (TFEC) agreed to consider. Specified business, legal, and technical process requirements will be identified and considered by the TFEC for inclusion in future versions of the PCTF.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="policy">Policy</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://findbiometrics.com/chinese-supreme-court-bars-use-facial-recognition-without-consent-073007/">China’s Supreme Court Bars Use of Facial Recognition Without Consent</a> 2021-07-30 FindBiometrics
China’s highest court has issued a ruling that could significantly limit the scope of facial recognition programs in the country. To that end, the Supreme People’s Court has stated that […] The post China’s Supreme Court Bars Use of Facial Recognition Without Consent appeared first on FindBiometrics</li>
<li><a href="https://findbiometrics.com/biden-reverses-trump-order-expand-dhss-biometrics-collection-070802/">Biden Reverses Trump Order to Expand DHS’s Biometrics Collection</a> 2021-07-08 FindBiometrics
<blockquote>
<p>In a move that is likely to please privacy advocates across the country, the Biden Administration has announced that it has officially rescinded a policy proposed by the Trump Administration that <a href="https://findbiometrics.com/proposed-policy-would-give-dhs-sweeping-powers-collect-biometric-data-092106/">would have considerably expanded</a> the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) powers to collect biometric data from immigrants.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="standards">Standards</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://findbiometrics.com/veridium-advocates-use-nist-approved-contactless-fingerprint-technologies-090305/">Veridium Advocates for Use of NIST-approved Contactless Fingerprint Technologies</a> 2021-08-02 FindBiometrics
Veridium is encouraging more organizations to embrace contactless fingerprint technologies, especially now that the NIST has laid out comprehensive guidelines for those interested in doing so. Those guidelines debuted in March of this year, with the release of NIST Special Publication 500-334.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/3H/_Biometric_and_digital_identity">Biometric and digital identity</a> by Robert Mitwicki / Adrian Gropper
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o_773vzcbtSf59oU-iRUfAy5WSz3Wn9JUAvi0hKHE48/edit">Biometric Health Card</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The novel concept is to add a quantized face that is still human-verifiable to the digital credential presentation. The hash of the quantized face, but not the face itself, would be signed and verifiable as part of the digital credential represented by the QR code.
<img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/keep-bbsk/AO8PoW1894cZwApEW68I3k8gsrknhXdz-Xhy1S4wWWLWKl_VOE0vfYaYVY_bxYBfwfy5mljlg7TfoxVEeXMooGbExE9IfcuNx2R29roOqioDE5XsZsc=s512" alt="" /></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="caution">Caution</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/10/face-recognition-isnt-just-face-identification-and-verification">Face Recognition Isn’t Just Face Identification and Verification: It’s Also Photo Clustering, Race Analysis, Real-time Tracking, and More</a> 2021-10 EFF
<blockquote>
<p>All forms of face recognition are a menace to privacy, free speech, and racial justice. This post explores many of the various kinds of face recognition, and explains why all must be addressed by laws.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-credentials/2021Sep/0000.html">the link between biometrics and PII needs careful management</a> 2021-09-01 Daniel Hardman
My takeaway: Instead of putting PII and biometrics in the same database, we need to put them in different places, but prove that there’s a link between the holder of a biometric cred and the holder of other PII. I see companies like iRespond doing this, but I also seem some biometric applications that are more troubling.
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/08/30/1033941/afghanistan-biometric-databases-us-military-40-data-points/">This is the real story of the Afghan biometric databases abandoned to the Taliban - MIT Technology Review</a> 2021-08-30</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.context.news/surveillance/afghans-scramble-to-delete-digital-history-evade-biometrics">Afghans scramble to delete digital history, evade biometrics</a> 2021-08-17 Context News
<blockquote>
<p>Thousands of Afghans struggling to ensure the physical safety of their families after the Taliban took control of the country have an additional worry: that biometric databases and their own digital history can be used to track and target them.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/berkman-klein-center/sexism-in-facial-recognition-technology-d5e547a6e7bc">Sexism in Facial Recognition Technology​</a> 2021-05-05 Berkman Klien Center
<blockquote>
<p>The use of facial recognition by law enforcement agencies has become common practice, despite increasing reports of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/technology/facial-recognition-arrest.html">false arrests</a> and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/29/technology/facial-recognition-misidentify-jail.html">jail time</a>. While there are various downsides to facial recognition technology being used at all, including fears of mass surveillance and invasion of privacy, there are flaws within facial recognition technologies themselves that lead to inaccurate results. One such major challenge for this still-burgeoning technology is gender-based inaccuracies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="company">Company</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://imageware.io/imageware-to-add-biometrics-to-blockchainpowered-self-sovereign-identity-ssi/">Imageware to add Biometrics to Blockchain Powered Self Sovereign Identity (SSI)</a> 2021-10-24
“As individual safety and privacy concerns become more prevalent in our daily lives, it’s vital that we have better, more decentralized methods of giving individuals autonomy over their identities. By joining the Decentralized Identity Foundation and Trust Over IP groups, we’ll be able to leverage their network and resources in our efforts to further develop a portfolio of SSI integrated biometric solutions.”</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="product">Product</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.biometricupdate.com/202105/biometrics-come-to-verifiable-credentials-with-applied-recognition-and-sovrin-foundation">Biometrics come to verifiable credentials with Applied Recognition and Sovrin Foundation</a> 2021-05 Biometric Update
<blockquote>
<p>Making wallet available, with support from companies like Applied Rec supplying biometrics that people can use for free, therefore extends Sovrin’s mission of supporting SSI. The companies generous enough to donate their technology to the wallet get commercial upside from next steps of service for banks and other organizations leveraging the open-source wallet, Raczkowski says.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-09">June 9, 2023</time></p>
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<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_zkp-cl-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Decentralization and Self Sovereign Identity">
<meta itemprop="description" content="Decentralization is a commonly misunderstood concept. For example, it is sometimes said that the reason cryptonetwork advocates favor decentralization is to resist government censorship, or because of libertarian political views. These are not the main reasons decentralization is important.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-06-29T00:00:00+13:00">
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<header>
<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/decentralization/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Decentralization and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</span>
</p>
</header>
<section class="page__content e-content" itemprop="text">
<aside class="sidebar__right ">
<nav class="toc">
<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#explainer">Explainer</a></li><li><a href="#self-sovereign-identity">Self Sovereign Identity</a></li><li><a href="#organization">Organization</a></li><li><a href="#literature">Literature</a></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="explainer">Explainer</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/web3-blockchain-decentralization-governance/">The Web3 Decentralization Debate Is Focused on the Wrong Question</a> 2022-05-22 Wired
<blockquote>
<p>Fixating on the degree—rather than the type—of decentralization is leading us astray</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230209030957/https://jolocom.io/blog/decentralization-is-the-future-of-digitization/">Decentralization is the Future of Digitization</a> 2022-05-29 Jolocom
<blockquote>
<p>In Germany, for example, the federal government initially decided to store data from the nation’s Corona-Warn app on centralized servers, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-europe-tech/germany-flips-on-smartphone-contact-tracing-backs-apple-and-google-idUSKCN22807J">as reported by Reuters</a> in April 2020. In response, multiple stakeholders like the <a href="https://netzpolitik.org/2020/ccc-warnt-bundesregierung-vor-zentralistischer-corona-app-covid19-contact-tracing-pepppt-dp3t/">Chaos Computer Club (CCC)</a> loudly criticized the plans and the resulting public outcry forced the government to reconsider. The fact that the government heard the criticisms, re-evaluated its proposals and opted for a decentralized version of its Corona app instead – one  where data will only be stored on users’ phones instead of centralized government servers – was <a href="https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/corona-app-launch-100.html">news</a> well received by large parts of society.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://cdixon.org/2018/02/18/why-decentralization-matters">Why decentralization matters</a> 2018-02-18 CDixon
<blockquote>
<p>Decentralization is a commonly misunderstood concept. For example, it is sometimes said that the reason cryptonetwork advocates favor decentralization is to resist government censorship, or because of libertarian political views. These are not the main reasons decentralization is important.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[EIC2022] <a href="https://www.kuppingercole.com/events/eic2022/blog/decentralization-is-like-the-analog-world">Decentralization Is Like the Analog World</a> 2022-04-07 Kuppinger Cole
<blockquote>
<p>Decentralized identity is an incredibly flexible technology that solves fundamental problems in the way we manage digital communication. But this capacity to do more than one thing at once can be a source of confusion.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2022/07/decentralized_systems_dont_care.shtml">Decentralized Systems Don’t Care</a> 2022-07 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>I like to remind my students that decentralized systems don’t care what they (or anyone else thinks). The paradox is that they care very much what everyone thinks. We call that coherence and it’s what makes decentralized systems maddeningly frustrating to understand, architect, and maintain.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="self-sovereign-identity">Self Sovereign Identity</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://northernblock.io/how-to-prevent-ssi-from-becoming-yet-another-platform-with-joachim-lohkamp/">How to Prevent SSI from Becoming Yet Another Platform? with Joachim Lohkamp of Jolocom</a> 2022-04-08
<blockquote>
<p>One of the desired outcomes of using standards-driven open source code projects is to avoid vendor lock-in. If your digital identity is a public good, then you shouldn’t be locked in to one specific company. If a company goes out of business, I may lose my identity data. If I find a better alternative, I’m unable to port my identity. Therefore, interoperability is a vital aspect of being able to provide sovereignty to individuals but also to governments.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://venturebeat.com/2021/11/06/decentralization-may-be-key-to-protecting-our-digital-identities/">Decentralization may be key to protecting our digital identities</a> 2021-11-06 VentureBeat
<blockquote>
<p>By introducing decentralization, there is an opportunity for dApp developers to uphold strong, secure data privacy protections for users across the board.  By offering strong privacy defaults and more user-centric options, decentralized data solutions will enable individuals to make informed decisions about their data.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/coinmonks/we-need-to-talk-about-self-sovereign-identity-2f741eda2591">We need to talk about Self Sovereign Identity</a> 2021-10-01 Olaf van Wijk
<blockquote>
<p>When we talk about SSI in relationship to the decentralization movement where bitcoin was the frontrunner, we talk about it in a similar manner as the original promise of nuclear energy. In this case not an abundance of cheap energy but the notion of self-control at the level the bitcoin ledger operates. But how would that look like?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="organization">Organization</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://hackmd.io/@yHk1snI9T9SNpiFu2o17oA/Skh_dXNbE?type=view">The Handbook of Handbooks for Decentralised Organising</a> 2023-01-05 Richard Dennis Bartlett
<blockquote>
<p>a mega list of handbooks and toolkits for groups working without top-down management from social movements to workplaces open source for anyone to read, update, share</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://thedefiant.io/decentralization-upends-governance">The Center Will Not Hold: How Decentralization is Reshaping Technology and Governance</a> 2022-07-19 The Defiant
<blockquote>
<p>In this summary paper, we will explain the different components of decentralization, the benefits of decentralized systems, examples of how different projects have approached the process of decentralizing, and good-faith critiques of decentralization. This paper will act as a TL;DR summarizing the concept of decentralization within its current usage, while providing linked resources throughout for those interested in digging deeper into specific areas.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="literature">Literature</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/swlh/a-unified-theory-of-decentralization-151d6f39e38?sk=b2a71917dcb5ce948196887c7ff48fde">A Unified Theory of Decentralization</a> 2020-07-31 David Huseby
<blockquote>
<p>It is common to <a href="https://medium.com/@jaygraber/decentralized-social-networks-e5a7a2603f53">hear people say that “decentralized” describes what a distributed system is</a> <a href="https://medium.com/@jaygraber/decentralized-social-networks-e5a7a2603f53">not</a> <a href="https://medium.com/@jaygraber/decentralized-social-networks-e5a7a2603f53">instead of what it is</a>. However, when using the word “decentralized” they typically mean something more than just the organization of the network. To them it implies a partitioning of the services, governance, and overall power structure to prevent any one entity, or user, from controlling others in the system. It then follows that a fully decentralized system — among many other things — atomizes the power structure to the smallest possible unit and distributes it out to the edges where it is under direct user control.</p>
<p>Before setting out on solving the authentic data solution for global scale I wanted to best understand the problem of decentralization and then declare the principles that I bound myself while solving it. There was very little discussion other than some clarifications on what I mean by “absolute” privacy by default and how that may make users reluctant to use any software like that.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Session Notes] <a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/2A/_The_Principles_of_User_Sovereignty_and_A_Unified_Theory_of_Decentralization">The Principles of User Sovereignty and A Unified Theory of Decentralization</a> 2021-05-06 David Huseby
<ul>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/swlh/a-unified-theory-of-decentralization-151d6f39e38?sk=b2a71917dcb5ce948196887c7ff48fde">A Unified Theory of Decentralization</a> by David Huseby
<blockquote>
<p>Before setting out on solving the authentic data solution for global scale I wanted to best understand the problem of decentralization and then declare the principles that I bound myself while solving it. There was very little discussion other than some clarifications on what I mean by “absolute” privacy by default and how that may make users reluctant to use any software like that.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-06-29">June 29, 2023</time></p>
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<img src="/images/did-square.webp" alt="">
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
</article>
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<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
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<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
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</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
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<meta itemprop="description" content="In a world that is becoming more digital, it is relevant to find some guidelines for organizations to design digital identity more ethically. A universal identity system on the internet is still missing and there are no clear standards for organizations to design digital identity.">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/ethics-rights-sovereignty/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Ethics, Human Rights, Sovereignty and Self Sovereign Identity
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#ethics">Ethics</a></li><li><a href="#sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li><li><a href="#human-rights">Human Rights</a></li></ul>
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<h2 id="ethics">Ethics</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosocial_behavior">Pro-social behaviours</a> 2023-06-14 Wikipedia  
<blockquote>
<p>those intended to benefit others, or society as a whole — for example, helping, sharing, donating, co-operating, and volunteering. Within a community, they’re the behaviours that make it an attractive space to belong to, and which encourage its growth and/or development. It’s a central part of the value cycles that underpin the Communities of Practice model.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://provocations.darkmatterlabs.org/radical-generosity-8063d9edc3aa">Radical generosity</a> 2022-08-31 Dark Matter
<blockquote>
<p>Could we establish an alternative market economy, one that is structured around a distinct set of principles centred on care, trust, generosity, the importance of collective intelligence and deep sets of relationships; what would fall away and what would remain in place?</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://me2ba.org/measuring-the-ethical-behavior-of-technology/">Measuring the Ethical Behavior of Technology</a> 2021-08-12 Me2bAlliance
<blockquote>
<p>This session will share the results and learnings of the creation and development of an ethical “yardstick” for respectful technology, including its application to websites and mobile apps. The speakers will also explore learnings from everyday people in the validation research around the certification mark as well as share recommendations for tech makers.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://me2ba.org/flash-guide-2-what-is-the-me2b-respectful-tech-specification/">Me2B Alliance Safe &amp; Respectful Technology Specification</a> 2021-07-21 Me2B
<blockquote>
<p>The specification, produced by the Me2B Alliance’s Respectful Tech Spec Working Group, is designed to provide a standard for measuring safe and ethical behavior in connected technology.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[literature] <a href="https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/items/5afb03ab-7a90-4303-909b-4934295859f8">Ethical Design of Digital Identity Environmental Implications from the Self-Sovereign Identity Movement</a> 2021-06 Sanne Glastra
<blockquote>
<p>In a world that is becoming more digital, it is relevant to find some guidelines for organizations to design digital identity more ethically. A universal identity system on the internet is still missing and there are no clear standards for organizations to design digital identity. With this research, knowledge and insights have been obtained to advance organizations to design digital identity more ethically. A contribution has been made by proposing the conditions to enable improvements for a more ethical design.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10676-020-09563-x.pdf">Sovereignty, privacy, and ethics in blockchain‑based identity management systems</a> 2020-11-30 Georgy Ishmaev
<blockquote>
<p>It is argued that ‘self-sovereignty’ in this context can be understood as the concept of individual control over identity relevant private data, capacity to choose where such data is stored, and the ability to provide it to those who need to validate it.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://trustoverip.org/blog/2022/03/18/no-need-for-superhumans/">NO NEED FOR SUPERHUMANS!: A practical guide to ethics in socio-technical systems design</a> TOIP 2022-03-18
<blockquote>
<p>Of course we are not as Albert Camus once said, ‘wild beasts loosed upon this world’, all of us have a moral compass and a sense of what is right and wrong, no-one intends for their product or service to cause harm. Neither are we superhuman, able to always understand the perspectives of all stakeholders or foresee the consequences of every cool feature or elegant line of code, nor indeed can we forecast how our products and services will be used for good or ill. Lisa called on all of us to remember that “technology is not a product, but a system”, and gave us practical steps to help us tap into our innate moral compass and design for those systems with the human experience and human flourishing at its heart.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>summary and video <a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/1.+Dear+Human%2C+The+Future+Needs+You.++Practical+Ethics+with+Digital+Sociologist%2C+Lisa+Talia-Moretti">on our Wiki</a> or [YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xmnnj82wpTM&amp;t=20s</li>
<li>Lisa’s Ted Talk, <a href="https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_talia_moretti_technology_is_not_a_product_it_s_a_system">Technology is not a product, it’s system</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.trustoverip.org/display/HOME/Expert+Series">HXWG Expert Series Summary</a> including video of Lisa’s talk</li>
<li><a href="https://bit.ly/sociotechprocess">A SocioTechnical Process for Researchers, Designers and Creators</a></li>
<li>The <a href="https://atih.responsibletechguide.com/introduction">responsible tech guide</a> is full of useful links and insights</li>
<li><a href="https://www.ethicsfordesigners.com/tools">Ethics for Designers also has practical tools</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://youngfeministfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/FRIDAS-TECH-AND-DATA-PRINCIPLES.pdf">FRIDA’S principles to guide data and technology</a> 2020-07 Young Feminist Fund
<blockquote>
<p>The tech we use should be responsive to and responisble with the climate, environment crises of our time. Frida advocates for the use and creation of volence-free technologies putting first the care of our territories and bodies</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://youngfeministfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Happiness-Manifestx-web.pdf">FRIDA Happiness Manifesto</a> Young Feminist Fund</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/embrace-the-ethical-implementation-of-digital-identity/">We Should Embrace the Ethical Implementation of Digital Identity</a> 2022-03-22 Continuum Loop
<blockquote>
<p>Maybe it’s because of the nature of my job in decentralized identity consulting, but lately, I’ve been seeing a lot of conspiracy theories on social media about Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). People criticize the way it’s being implemented and warn about the negative consequences it will have. It’s almost as if people don’t realize that organizations are already monitoring and influencing us and that Google and social media algorithms have been instrumental in this.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="sovereignty">Sovereignty</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.mydigitalfootprint.com/2021/07/the-railroad-of-no-choice.html">The railroad of (no) choice</a> 2021-07 MyDigitalFootprint
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>to force something to be officially approved or accepted without much discussion or thought.</li>
<li>to force someone into doing something quickly, usually without enough information.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/berkman-klein-center/a-deep-dive-on-digital-self-determination-368c48d87705">A Deep-Dive on Digital Self-Determination</a> 2021-05-26 Berkman Klein
<blockquote>
<p>Questions of control over personal data were a cross-cutting theme throughout a <a href="https://cyber.harvard.edu/story/2021-03/research-sprint-examines-digital-self-determination-increasingly-interconnected-world">Research Sprint</a> co-hosted by the <a href="http://cyber.harvard.edu">Berkman Klein Center for Internet &amp; Society</a> and <a href="https://www.digitalasiahub.org/">Digital Asia Hub</a>. The Sprint also examined other important dimensions of self-determination in the digitally networked world, for instance, self-expression and participation in civic life and the digital economy, or relationship-building and well-being, to name just a few application areas.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://twit.tv/shows/floss-weekly/episodes/628">DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY</a> 2021-05-05 Doc Searls, Aaron Newcomb FLOSS WEEKLY
<blockquote>
<p>Dr. Andre Kudra of esatus.com discusses SSI, or Self-Sovereign Identity. It’s a hot and fast-moving topic with a growing base of hackers, companies, nonprofits, and whole states, provinces and countries. Aaron Newcomb and Doc Searls probe Andre for lots of great intelligence about how SSI puts individuals in full charge of how they present minimized ID credentials safely, and inside a whole new framework. They also talk with Andre about his involvement with the demoscene and retro computing, which are especially huge in Europe. It’s a great discussion on this episode of FLOSS Weekly.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://uxdesign.cc/the-principles-of-user-sovereignty-515ac83401f6?sk=d37a69c8efc8a48cdd4a23d0518ba8d0">The principles of user sovereignty</a> 2020-07-31 UX Design
<blockquote>
<p>The earliest discussion of the phrase I could find is a <a href="https://blog.lizardwrangler.com/2011/08/04/extending-our-reach-many-layers-of-user-sovereignty/">blog post</a> from August 4th, 2011 by the “Chief Lizard Wrangler” herself, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Baker">Mitchell Baker</a> the CEO of Mozilla. In it she prophetically describes user sovereignty as the consequence of new “engines” that are “…open, open-source, interoperable, public-benefit, standards-based, platforms…” She also makes the critical link between the philosophy of openness and standards-based interoperability with that of identity management and personal data dominion.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/learning-machine-blog/identity-and-digital-self-sovereignty-1f3faab7d9e3">Identity and Digital Self-Sovereignty</a> 2016-09-19 Natalie Smolenski
<blockquote>
<p>Web-based applications increasingly form the infrastructure of modern life. They are the seas, roads, buildings, schools, and libraries within which we travel, socialize, learn, and express ourselves. They store data that is integral to our social and legal identities. Without them, a person is consigned to something like social death — not too different from the situation of a passenger of a ship on the High Seas.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="human-rights">Human Rights</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.wired.com/story/technology-design-marginalized-communities/">If Tech Fails to Design for the Most Vulnerable, It Fails Us All: Building around the so-called typical user is a dangerous mistake</a> 2022-05-15 Wired
<blockquote>
<p>WHAT DO RUSSIAN protesters have in common with Twitter users freaked out about Elon Musk reading their DMs and people worried about the criminalization of abortion? It would serve them all to be protected by a more robust set of design practices from companies developing technologies.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://documentation-tools.theengineroom.org/">Tech Tools for Human Rights Documentation</a> 2022-04-06 The Engine Room
<blockquote>
<p>Insights from research &amp; practical guidance for civil society documenters of human rights violations</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://documentation-tools.theengineroom.org/findings-documentation/">Human Rights Documentation</a> The Engine Room
<blockquote>
<p>For this research, The Engine Room and HURIDOCS conducted a combined total of 36 one-on-one interviews with civil society documenters of human rights abuses and direct support organisations. Our findings are supplemented by insights from interviews with eight tool developers working in the human rights documentation space.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://documentation-tools.theengineroom.org/findings-tool-dev/">Tool Development</a> The Engine Room
<blockquote>
<p>For this research, The Engine Room conducted eight interviews with tool developers, and carried out independent research into relevant tools.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://documentation-tools.theengineroom.org/findings-transitional-justice/">Transitional Justice</a> Tech tools from a transitional justice perspective
<blockquote>
<p>For this research, PILPG conducted interviews with 15 transitional justice experts and held three focus groups.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.theengineroom.org/takeaways-from-our-community-call-on-intersections-between-data-digital-rights-and-social-justice/">TAKEAWAYS FROM OUR COMMUNITY CALL ON INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN DATA &amp; DIGITAL RIGHTS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE</a> 2022-03-21 The Engine Room
<blockquote>
<p>On February 15, we held a community call to discuss our newly-published <a href="https://www.theengineroom.org/new-research-community-call-intersectional-approaches-to-data-and-digital-rights-advocacy/">research findings</a> on intersectional collaboration between social justice communities and data and digital rights (DDR) communities. We were joined by speakers Temi Lasade-Anderson from Alaase Lab, Luã Cruz from IDEC, Patronella Nqaba from Atlantic Fellows for Racial Equity and Paromita Shah from Just Futures Law.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-credentials/2022Jan/0014.html">Human rights perspective on W3C and IETF protocol interaction</a> 2022-01-05 Adrian Gropper
<blockquote>
<p>The Ford Foundation paper attached provides the references. However, this thread should not be about governance philosophy but rather a focus on human rights as a design principle as we all work on protocols that will drive adoption of W3C VCs and DIDs at Internet scale.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redecentralize.org/redigest/2021/08/">Redecentralize Digest — August 2021</a> 2021-08 
<blockquote>
<p>Decisions made by engineers in internet standards bodies (such as IETF and W3C) have a large influence on internet technology, which in turn influences people’s lives — people whose needs may or may not have been taken into account. In the report <a href="https://www.fordfoundation.org/work/learning/research-reports/human-rights-are-not-a-bug-upgrading-governance-for-an-equitable-internet/">Human Rights Are Not a Bug</a> (see also its launch event), Niels ten Oever asks “how internet governance processes could be updated to deeply embed the public interest in governance decisions and in decision-making culture”.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/10I/_Internet_Governance_-_UDDI_-_Universal_Declaration_of_Digital_Identity">Internet Governance - UDDI - Universal Declaration of Digital Identity</a> 2021-05-06 Jeff Aresty, Kristina Yasuda IIW, IDCommons
<blockquote>
<p>Reaffirming the human rights and fundamental freedoms enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and relevant international human rights agreements such as the UN GP on BHR and Constitutional Rights;</p>
<p>Reaffirming the relevance of international human rights standards in the digital environment and the need to explore and expand new human rights guarantees for the future;</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://anonyome.com/2021/04/removing-anonymity-online-would-risk-the-most-vulnerable-users/">Removing Anonymity Online Would Risk The Most Vulnerable Users</a> 2021-04 Anonym
<blockquote>
<p>We all know online abuse can be incredibly damaging and <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2017/07/11/online-harassment-2017/">Pew</a> puts it like this: “In its milder forms, [online abuse] creates a layer of negativity that people must sift through as they navigate their daily routines online. At its most severe, it can compromise users’ privacy, force them to choose when and where to participate online, or even pose a threat to their physical safety.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y9C-5TPYmRruRQqJq39-HePk3ypWLDpSAEVzuonOH2Q/edit">Universal Declaration of Digital Rights</a> 2020-10-21 Johannes Ernst
<blockquote>
<p>all states should recognise and promote universal respect for and observance of both fundamental human and digital rights in physical domain and the digital spaces environment and ensure that these rights are upheld as core elements of a free, open and representative society</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
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<article class="page h-entry" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<meta itemprop="headline" content="Trust Frameworks, Trust Registries, and Machine Readable Governance in Self Sovereign Identity">
<meta itemprop="description" content="The trust infrastructure is concerned with the question of how and why the presented information can be trusted. It defines the rules for all stakeholders and enables legally binding relationships with the combination of governance frameworks, which are built on top of trust frameworks.">
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<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/governance-trust-frameworks-registries/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Trust Frameworks, Trust Registries, and Machine Readable Governance in Self Sovereign Identity
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9 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#trust-modelling">Trust Modelling</a></li><li><a href="#trust-frameworks">Trust Frameworks</a></li><li><a href="#trust-registries">Trust Registries</a></li><li><a href="#alternatives">Alternatives</a></li></ul>
</nav>
</aside>
<h2 id="trust-modelling">Trust Modelling</h2>
<ul>
<li>[literature] <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.07528.pdf">On the Trust and Trust Modelling for the Future Fully-Connected Digital World: A Comprehensive Study</a> 2021-06-14 HANNAH LIM JING TING, XIN KANG IEEE
<blockquote>
<p>Under our analysis of trust and the digital world, we define different types of trust relationships and find out the factors that are needed to ensure a fully representative model.Next, to meet the challenges of digital trust modelling, comprehensive trust model evaluation criteria areproposed, and potential securities and privacy issues of trust modelling are analyzed. Finally, we provide awide-ranging analysis of different methodologies, mathematical theories, and how they can be applied totrust modelling</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="trust-frameworks">Trust Frameworks</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://digitalidentity.nz/2022/09/21/towards-a-better-digital-identity-trust-framework-in-aotearoa/">Towards a Better Digital Identity Trust Framework in Aotearoa</a> 2022-09-21 Digital Identity NZ
<blockquote>
<p>It’s a great pleasure to share with you DINZ Reflections Report, a seminal piece of work that DINZ’s Digital Identity Trust Framework working group has developed over several months.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://stateofidentity.libsyn.com/digital-identity-and-attributes-trust-framework">Digital Identity and Attributes Trust Framework</a> 2022-03-10 State of Identity
<blockquote>
<p>the bridge between payments and identity wallets, the UK’s next big push in adopting shared identity standards, and the foundation of decentralized identity verification across Web3 applications and the metaverse.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2022/03/the_ukrainian_war_pki_and_censorship.shtml">The Ukrainian War, PKI, and Censorship</a> 2022-03 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>PKI has created a global trust framework for the web. But the war in Ukraine has shone a light on its weaknesses. Hierarchies are not good architectures for building robust, trustworthy, and stable digital systems.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://ssi-ambassador.medium.com/the-trust-infrastructure-of-self-sovereign-identity-ecosystems-551f46ed9e2c">The trust infrastructure of self-sovereign identity ecosystems</a> 2021-12-22 SSI Ambassador
<blockquote>
<p>The trust infrastructure is concerned with the question of how and why the presented information can be trusted. It defines the rules for all stakeholders and enables legally binding relationships with the combination of governance frameworks, which are built on top of trust frameworks.</p>
<p>includes a section on the core components of identity architecture that includes a graphic <a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2020/09/the_architecture_of_identity_systems.shtml">based on a post by Phil Windley</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://northernblock.io/battle-of-the-trust-frameworks-with-tim-bouma-darrell-odonnell">Battle of the Trust Frameworks with Tim Bouma &amp; Darrell O’Donnell</a> 2021-10-13 Northern Block
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Levels of Assurance (LOA): an introduction to LOAs as they relate to Digital Identity and why they’re an important part of the recipe in achieving digital trust. Tim and Darrell give us some practical examples of LOAs.</li>
<li>The Concept of Trust: how do we define trust at a high-level and how do we differentiate between technical and human trust? How can we build trust with credential issuers but also with credential holders?</li>
<li>The World of Trust Frameworks: what are trust frameworks and what are different types of frameworks being deployed in both the public and private sectors? How are organizations trying to monetize trust frameworks? What’s going right, and what’s going wrong with the way trust frameworks are being implemented?</li>
<li>The Importance of Open Source for Trust Creation: why is open source important for achieving digital sovereignty? Is open source the only way to improve transparency, flexibility and accountability?</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://iiw.idcommons.net/23F/_Good_Health_Pass_Ecosystem_Trust_Architecture:_DIDs_and_X.509_Trust_Registries_with_Ecosystem_Governance_Frameworks">Good Health Pass Ecosystem Trust Architecture: DIDs and X.509 Trust Registries with Ecosystem Governance Frameworks</a> 2021-05-06 Drummond Reed, Scott Perry, Darrell O’Donnell IIW
<blockquote>
<p>Governance, Trust Registry, Ecosystem, Transitive Trust, Architecture</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hgh5JvrM7aUCmg5q6KIXzvpVIcgfhTjr/view?usp=sharing">GHP Ecosystem Trust Architecture PDF</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.goodhealthpass.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Good-Health-Pass-Collaborative-Principles-Paper.pdf">Good Health Pass Collaborative Principles Paper</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.goodhealthpass.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GHPC-Interoperability-Blueprint-Outline-v2.pdf">GHPC Interoperability Blueprint Outline v2</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="https://northernblock.io/pan-canadian-trust-framework/">Pan-Canadian Trust Framework (PCTF) – Overview</a> 2021-04-15 Northern Block
<blockquote>
<p>Right now, we are alpha testing the framework with different kinds of actors, both public and private, and with assessors. Through this process, we’re going to learn what may need to change, and what may not need to change. We’re going to get real knowledge there. I will say that what we’re seeing already, is that DIACC and our priorities are really driven by members.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/mattr-global/learn-concepts-trust-frameworks-ad96a4427991">Trust Frameworks</a> 2020-12-24 Mattr Global
<blockquote>
<p>Trust frameworks are a foundational component of the web of trust. A trust framework is a common set of best practice standards-based rules that ensure minimum requirements are met for security, privacy, identification management and interoperability through accreditation and governance. These operating rules provide a common framework for ecosystem participants, increasing trust between them.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/caribou-digital/diagnostic-trends-shaping-the-future-of-digital-identification-181724c40068">Digital Caribou looks at the future trends impacting Digital Identity</a> 2020-11-17 Caribou Digital
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>The state of the art in digital identification are trust frameworks that accommodate diverse technologies, systems and stakeholders</li>
<li>Risks remain even within the most rigorous trust framework:</li>
<li>Achieving inclusion requires addressing both technical and political dimensions</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Trust frameworks are complicated so getting governance right requires an ecosystems approach
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Building the future of digital identification means reckoning with an analogue past</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/@trbouma/trust-frameworks-standards-matter-47c946992f44">Trust Frameworks? Standards Matter</a> 2020-11-15 Tim Bouma
<blockquote>
<p>He points at the NIST documents about it <a href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8149.pdf">Developing Trust Frameworks to Support Identity Federations</a> published in 2018. He also points at the Canadian government’s definition of standards.
document that provides a set of agreed-upon rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results. Standards establish accepted practices, technical requirements, and terminologies for diverse fields.”  He goes on to highlight a lot of the work being done in Canada and where it all sits relative to being a standard - “In closing, there are lots of trust frameworks being developed today. But to be truly trusted, a trust framework needs to either apply existing standards or become a standard itself.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://ssimeetup.org/trust-frameworks-ssi-interview-culedger-credit-union-mycuid-trust-framework-drummond-reed-webinar-9/">Trust Frameworks and SSI: An Interview with CULedger on the Credit Union MyCUID Trust Framework</a> 2018-06-28 Alex Preukschat, Drummond Reed SSI Meetup<a href="https://www.slideshare.net/SSIMeetup/trust-frameworks-and-ssi-an-interview-with-culedger-on-the-credit-union-mycuid-trust-framework">Slideshare</a>
<blockquote>
<p>In this webinar, Evernym Chief Trust Officer Drummond Reed, chair of the Sovrin Foundation Trust Framework Working Group, will explain what a trust framework is and why they are are essential to SSI. Then he will interview executives of CULedger, the credit union blockchain consortia, about the MyCUID Trust Framework—the first global trust framework for proving membership in a credit union.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.oixnet.org/news-whitepaper/">OIX White Paper: Trust Frameworks for Identity Systems</a> 2017-04-25 OIX
<blockquote>
<p>Trust frameworks are not a new concept. They are commonly used outside of the world of digital identities, to govern a variety of multi-party systems where participants desire the ability to engage in a common type of transaction with anyone of the other participants, and to do so in a consistent and predictable manner. In such cases, they are proven to work and scale. Common examples include credit card systems, electronic payment systems and the internet domain name registration system, which all rely on a set of interdependent specifications, rules, and agreements. This set of specifications, rules and agreements is referred to by various names, such as “operating regulations,” “scheme rules,” or “operating policies.” In the world of identity systems they are commonly referred to as a “trust framework.”</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="trust-registries">Trust Registries</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/trust-registries-tweetstorm/">Trust Registries Tweetstorm</a> 2022-09-14 Continuum Loop
<blockquote>
<p>We want to start a conversation on Trust Registries and get people thinking about how Trust Registries will help answer the hard questions an ecosystem needs to create a whole experience [<a href="https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1569093372920614914.html">tweetstorm</a>]</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/managing-trust-and-reputation-via-trust-registries/">Managing Trust and Reputation via Trust Registries</a> 2022-08-23 Continuum Loop
<blockquote>
<p>The concept behind a Trust Registry is that a Wallet needs to know which decentralized identifiers (DIDs) to “trust” as a source of truth. At many levels, this “trust” translates to “authority” – knowing that somebody, centralized or decentralized, is responsible for maintaining a list of trusted DIDs.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Literature] <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.04624v1">Bottom-up Trust Registry in Self Sovereign Identity</a> 2022-08-09 Kai Jun Eer, Jesus Diaz, Markulf Kohlweiss Arxiv
<blockquote>
<p>we propose a trust registry design that handles the aspect of human trust in self sovereign identity. We also introduce an incentivisation mechanism for the trust registry in order to motivate each stakeholder to participate actively and honestly.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://trinsic.id/trinsic-basics-what-is-a-trust-registry/">Trinsic Basics: What Is a Trust Registry?</a> 2022-07-12 Trinsic
<blockquote>
<p>Trust registries also need to be interoperable. The <a href="https://www.trustoverip.org/">Trust Over IP Foundation</a> has a <a href="https://github.com/trustoverip/tswg-trust-registry-tf">specification</a> for an interoperable trust registry, and ours is the first implementation of this spec. Because of this, Trinsic’s Trust Registry Service is architected so that one ecosystem could reference or incorporate a trust registry from a separate ecosystem if needed.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zZKIwesSl8">Solving Governance in SSI Ecosystems with Trust Registries.</a> 2022-10-04 Trust over IP Foundation
<blockquote>
<p>Learn the what and the why behind trust registries.  In addition to discussing how trust registries solve governance in verifiable credential ecosystems, Tomislav demos the very first implementation of ToIP’s trust registry specification.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Podcast] <a href="https://northernblock.io/are-trust-registries-vital-to-the-success-of-decentralized-identity-with-darrell-odonnell/">Are Trust Registries Vital to the Success of Decentralized Identity?</a> 2022-09-30 Darrell O’Donnell Northern Block
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>What are the differences between Verifiable Data Registries and Trust Registries?</li>
<li>How can Trust Registries help establish the Authenticity of Data?</li>
<li>Does placing too much Governance at the Verifiable Data Registry layer cause scaling issues?</li>
<li>Why DNS can become an elegant Root of Trust solution to validate the authenticity of Credential Issuers.</li>
<li>Who in the Trust Triangle benefits the most from Trust Registries</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/trust-registries-webinar/">Trust Registries Webinar</a> 2021-09-21 Continuum Loop
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>“I don’t trust organizations and corporations” – where we point out the “decentralize the world” approach goes to far.</li>
<li>Phoning home – (hint: no it doesn’t need to phone home)</li>
<li>Where are Holders Authorized? (hint: <a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/bubbas-wallet/">Knowing if you can trust Bubba’s Wallet</a> may be more important…)</li>
<li>Canadian Digitial Identities are emerging – can startups leverage this?</li>
<li>Explain the Role of Government in ecosystems.</li>
<li>“Can a third party discover who I trust from a trust registry?”</li>
<li>How will interoperability work between trust registries?</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.continuumloop.com/trust-registries-in-the-real-world/">Trust Registries in the Real World</a> 2022-09-08 Continuum Loop
<blockquote>
<p>Trust Registries allow us to know that the various shared credentials (e.g. proof of insurance) are accurate. A Homeowner can ask their Digital Wallet to verify an insurance Credential that the Contractor is honest.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Literature] <a href="https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/38702">A novel approach to establish trust in verifiable credential issuers in Self-sovereign identity ecosystems using TRAIN</a> 2022-07-07 Isaac Johnson Jeyakumar, David Chadwick; Michael Kubach Open Identity Summit
<blockquote>
<p>This paper illustrates how TRAIN (Trust mAnagement INfrastructure), an approach based on established components like ETSI trust lists and the Domain Name System (DNS), can be used as a trust registry component to provide a holistic approach for trust management in SSI ecosystems. TRAIN facilitates individual trust decisions through the discovery of trust lists in SSI ecosystems, along with published credential schemas, so that verifiers can perform informed trust decisions about issued credentials.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="alternatives">Alternatives</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://indicio.tech/decentralized-ecosystem-governance-better-more-effective-and-more-robust-than-trust-registries/">Decentralized Ecosystem Governance: Better, More Effective, and More Robust than Trust Registries</a> 2022-09-12 Indicio
<blockquote>
<p>Decentralized Ecosystem Governance makes verifying data an easy-to-play game of red light/green light. And, importantly, it decentralizes governance to the appropriate authorities.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://indicio.tech/when-it-comes-to-decentralized-identity-sell-solutions-not-rules/">When it Comes to Decentralized Identity, Sell Solutions Not Rules</a> 2022-02-02 Indicio
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>First, machine-readable governance simplifies how decentralized identity works: The user software handles the rules for information flows and authentication, which are established and published by the entities with authority for governing the use case.</li>
<li>Second, this architecture makes these rules transparent.</li>
<li>Third, and critically, it enables these rules to function offline through caching, which, when you think about it, is an essential feature in any digital identity verification system; trust can’t be dependent on a Wi-Fi signal.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://indicio.tech/trust-registry-or-machine-readable-governance/">Trust Registry or Machine-Readable Governance?</a> 2021-09-28 Indicio
<blockquote>
<p>Machine-readable governance is composed of elements that help to establish trust and enable interoperability: trusted participants, schemas (templates for structuring information in a credential), and rules and flows for presenting credentials and verifying them. Machine-readable governance can be hierarchical. Once a governance system is published, other organizations can adopt and then amend or extend the provided system.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-07-01">July 1, 2023</time></p>
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<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
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<img src="/images/did-square.webp" alt="">
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<br><strong><a href="/ecosystem/" rel="permalink">Ecosystem Overview
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This page includes a breakdown of the Web Standards, Protocols,Open Source Projects, Organizations, Companies, Regions, Government and Policy surrounding Verifiable Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity.
</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2024-02-26 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
4 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
</article>
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<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jsonld-lds-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
8 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
</div>
<div class="grid__item">
<article class="archive__item" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<div class="archive__item-teaser">
<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_jwt-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-09 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
12 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">COSE</div>
<div class="tags">IANA</div>
<div class="tags">JOSE</div>
<div class="tags">JWT</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
</article>
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<img src="/images/Verifiable-Credentials-Flavors-Explained_zkp-cl-teaser.webp" alt="">
</div>
<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/zkp-cl_anoncreds/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials (ZKP-CL) Anoncreds
</a></strong>
<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">This credential format was created specifically to leverage the CL Signatures. JSON-JWT and JSON-LD Signatures each have their own way of representing the meaning of the attributes within a VC. JSON-JWT references an IANA registry and assumes a “closed world” authority model based on that authori...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
6 minute read
</p>
<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">IBM</div>
<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
<div class="tags">Sovrin Foundation</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
<div class="tags">W3C</div>
<div class="tags">ZKP-CL</div>
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<meta itemprop="description" content="Interoperability moves from theory to reality when companies have meaningful ability to choose. It is predicated on open standards foundations that enable easy movement of data and vendors.">
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-07-02T00:00:00+13:00">
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<h1 id="page-title" class="page__title p-name" itemprop="headline">
<a href="https://decentralized-id.com/development/interop/" class="u-url" itemprop="url">Interoperability of Self Sovereign Identity Systems
</a>
</h1>
<p class="page__meta">
<span class="page__meta-readtime">
<i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
5 minute read
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<header><h4 class="nav__title"><i class="fas fa-link"></i> Contents</h4></header>
<ul class="toc__menu"><li><a href="#main">Main</a></li><li><a href="#development">Development</a></li><li><a href="#interoperability-plug-fest">Interoperability Plug-fest</a></li></ul>
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<h2 id="main">Main</h2>
<ul>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ezInITzb9p4">SSI Report - Interoperability</a> 2022-08-18 RootsID
<blockquote>
<p>Interoperability is the ultimate challenge of a Decentralized Self-Sovereign Identity. Hyperledger Aries is hosting an Interopathon to showcase all the work their community has done to promote Interoperability. We have also started discussions about a standard import/export format that would further improve interop across identity agents.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://inatba.org/reports/inatba-report-digital-credentials-and-self-sovereign-identity-workstream/">Digital Credentials and Self Sovereign Identity Workstream</a> 2022-08 INTABA (<a href="https://inatba.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/INATBA_Report_Digital_Credentials_and_Self-Sovereign_Identity_Workstream.pdf">report</a>
<blockquote>
<p>The objective of this workstream was to examine the technology and policy landscapes for digital credentials of INATBA-Governmental Advisory Body (GAB) members, identify the commonalities and gaps, and then develop recommendations for enabling interoperability and mutual support for digital credentials across borders.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://indicio.tech/trust-verifiable-credentials-and-interoperability/">Trust, Verifiable Credentials, and Interoperability</a> 2022-03 Helen Garneau, Indicio
<blockquote>
<p>Accurate labeling, interoperability profiles, and testing are urgently needed to drive interoperability and scale decentralized identity, says a new <a href="https://indicio.tech/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Indicio_Report_TrustVerifiableCredentialsInteroperability_033022.pdf">white paper</a> from Indicio
Seven aspects of interoperability</p>
<ol>
<li>DID methods</li>
<li>Content encryption key types</li>
<li>Communication protocols</li>
<li>Credential format and signature types</li>
<li>Credential access / storage (wallet)</li>
<li>Credential protocols and coordination formats</li>
<li>Compatible governance / trust</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.windley.com/archives/2021/10/ugh_theres_an_app_for_that.shtml">Ugh! There’s an App for That!</a> 2021-10 Phil Windley
<blockquote>
<p>Interoperability is a fundamental property of tech systems that are generative and respect individual privacy and autonomy. And, as a bonus, it makes people’s live easier!</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://medium.com/transmute-techtalk/interoperability-is-not-a-choice-387d57c6dc32">Interoperability is Not a Choice</a> 2021-03-24 Transmute
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://medium.com/transmute-techtalk/the-business-case-for-interoperability-a1a2b884297d">Interoperability</a> moves from theory to reality when companies have meaningful ability to choose. It is predicated on open standards foundations that enable easy movement of data and vendors.</p>
<p>Our team was proud to participate in the <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/science-and-technology/svip">US Department of Homeland Security Silicon Valley Innovation Program</a> Interoperability Plug-fest this month. DHS SVIP has been leading the charge on interoperability for years now, putting their funding and networks on the table to lead the charge.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://www.evernym.com/blog/getting-to-practical-interop-with-verifiable-credentials/">Different approaches to Interoperability</a> 2020-12-21 Daniel Hardman, Evernym
<blockquote>
<p>Several VC ecosystems have grown up around the VC spec. Each touts standards compliance and interoperability, yet they do not currently interoperate with one another. Let’s have a look at their differences and commonalities, and then explore a simple proposal that might make which language your VCs “speak” as transparent as which language you choose when you watch a movie.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20230616014429/https://jolocom.io/blog/decentralized-identifiers-design-challenges/">Prioritizing Individual Sovereignty over Interoperability</a> 2019-04-26 Jolocom and Danube tech
<blockquote>
<p>While we see the potential to enable interoperability with actors that do not put control in the hands of the subject of the digital identity, we must ensure that this interoperability on a technical level does not undermine the Design Goals that guided the creation of decentralized identifiers in the first place.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="development">Development</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/traceability-interop/openapi/#overview">Open API for Interoperable Traceability</a> 2023-06-21 CCG
<blockquote>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">resolve:dids - Grants permission to resolve DIDsissue:credentials - Grants permission issue Verifiable Credentialsverify:credentials - Grants permission verify Verifiable Credentialsread:credentials - Grants permission to get Verifiable Credentialsupdate:credentials - Grants permission to update the status of Verifiable Credentialsprove:presentations - Grants permission to prove Verifiable Presentationsverify:presentations - Grants permission verify Verifiable Presentationssubmit:presentations - Grants permission to submit Verifiable Presentations</code></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="interoperability-plug-fest">Interoperability Plug-fest</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://kayaelle.medium.com/jff-vc-edu-plugfest-1-892b6f2c9dfb">JFF &amp; VC-EDU Plugfest #1: Leaping Towards Interoperable Verifiable Learning &amp; Employment Records</a> 2022-07-07 Kayaelle
<blockquote>
<p>With this badge, they qualify to participate in Plugfest #2 which will focus on issuing and displaying LER VCs. Plugfest #2 will take place in November 2022 with plans to meet in person the day before the <a href="https://internetidentityworkshop.com/">Internet Identity Workshop</a> on November 14 in Mountainview, CA. If vendors are interested in Plugfest #2 and didn’t participate in Plugfest #1, there is still an opportunity to do so by fulfilling the same requirements listed above including the video and earning a Plugfest #1 badge.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vc-ed/plugfest-1-2022/">Interoperability Plugfest #1</a> 2022 JFF &amp; VC-EDU
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YoS3est-YnWO1tI7JjJDjSPSnIXJNon_TFosKyneaJg/edit?usp=sharing">Kick-off Meeting Deck</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-imp-guide/">VC Implementation Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vc-ed/plugfest-1-2022/jff-vc-edu-plugfest-1-context.json">Plugfest Open Badges v3 context</a></li>
<li><a href="https://imsglobal.github.io/openbadges-specification/ob_v3p0.html">Open Badges 3.0</a></li>
<li><a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/universal-wallet-interop-spec/">Universal Wallet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/digitalcredentials/learner-credential-wallet">DCC Learner Credential Wallet</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/digitalcredentials">DCC Repository</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/digitalcredentials/open-badges-context">DCC Open Badges 3.0 Context NPM Module</a></li>
<li><a href="https://api.did.actor/">DID Actor</a></li>
<li><a href="https://godiddy.com/">Hosted platform to resolve and manage DIDs</a></li>
<li><a href="https://dev.uniresolver.io/">DID DIF Universal Resolver</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-credentials/2021Mar/0022.html">DHS/SVIP Interoperability Plug-Fest 2 : Features Under Test …</a> 2021-03-04 Anil John
<em>This presentation on the DHS/SVIP Interop Plug-Fest is epic!</em>
<blockquote>
<p>As you know, we had our first Interop plug-fest last year in May 2020, which was a heavy lift for our portfolio companies – To be blunt, while there was a lot of hand-waving on interop, that was the first time anyone had demonstrated any manner of concrete cross-vendor / cross-platform interop in the VC/DID community.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><a href="https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-credentials/2021Mar/0101.html">DHS/SVIP Interoperability Plug-Fest 2 // VC/DID/Blockchain Multi-Platform &amp; Multi-Vendor Interoperability Showcase</a>  2021-03-21 Anil John
<blockquote>
<p>(<a href="https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1MeeP7vDXb9CpSBfjTybYbo8qJfrrbrXCSJa0DklNe2k/edit#slide=id.p1">slides</a> Through the presentations and demos, we hope that you are able to gain an appreciation of the engineering depth, openness, inclusiveness and the multi-vendor, multi-platform interoperability that we demonstrated that is needed for these type of solutions to internet scale without locking anyone into a particular vendor or technology stack.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBSX0ljiCPU">DHS SVIP Plugfest #2: Limited Disclosure Scenario</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PodtjhO3vJo">Transmute: Interoperability &amp; Selective Disclosure in an Audit Authorization Scenario</a> 2021-03-24 Demo
<blockquote>
<p>Proof of COVID Vaccination Credential
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/HldCXiQ.png" alt="" /></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fngwogLRUGk">Transmute + DHS SVIP: Showing Interoperability in a Supply Chain Scenario</a> 2021-03-24 Transmute
<blockquote>
<p><img src="https://i.imgur.com/hfvvA0b.png" alt="" /></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXLy2Rof_iA">DHS SVIP PlugFest 2021 – Interop Testing Demo</a> 2021-03-23 Mattr
<blockquote>
<p>As part of our deliverables for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security’s Silicon Valley Innovation Program, we developed capabilities including a MATTR web wallet, CHAPI credential interactions, and direct interoperability with issuance and verification infrastructure built by other vendors. The results of this work are documented in our publicly available open-source test suite: <a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vc-http-api/test-suite/mattr/">https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vc-http-api/test-suite/mattr/</a>​</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dgcKYam4MiQ">DHS SVIP PlugFest 2021 – USCIS Appointment Demo</a> 2021-03-23 Mattr
<blockquote>
<p>We showcase our Mobile Wallet and OIDC Bridge Platform Extension in action, demonstrating how BBS+ signatures and selective disclosure can allow users to manage which data they are sharing with relying parties in a privacy-preserving way. This work leverages a newly created <a href="https://mattrglobal.github.io/appointment-vocab/">Appointment vocabulary for JSON-LD</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEBNGj377Vc">DHS SVIP PlugFest 2021 – Paper &amp; Digital Vaccination Credentials</a> 2021-03-23 Mattr
<blockquote>
<p>We showcase how both paper and digital credentials can be verified using the same infrastructure, allowing for easier relying-party integration. This work leverages CBOR-LD and a newly created <a href="https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vaccination-vocab/">Vaccination Certificate vocabulary</a></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dreJIx0_esE">Three-Vendor Interop - DHS SVIP Showcase Day</a> 2023-03-18 Danube Tech
<blockquote>
<p>This is one of Danube Tech’s contributions to the DHS/SVIP Interoperability Plug-Fest 2 // VC/DID Multi-Platform &amp; Multi-Vendor Interoperability Showcase</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=87B_OyqWzVE">Full Walkthrough DHS SVIP Showcase</a> 2021-03-18 Danube Tech</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kx49PklrHIY">Interoperability Fest – Oil &amp; Gas</a> Mavenet</li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sr-7E7q79E">Digital Bazaar Interop 1B</a></li>
<li>[Video] <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emu301gvMJE">Digital Bazaar Interop 1A</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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<p class="page__date"><strong><i class="fas fa-fw fa-calendar-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> Updated:</strong> <time class="dt-published" datetime="2023-07-02">July 2, 2023</time></p>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/data-integrity-bbs+/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JSON-LD and BBS+ Signatures
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">BBS signatures were implicitly proposed by Boneh, Boyen, and Shacham (CRYPTO ’04) as part of their group signature scheme, and explicitly cast as stand-alone signatures by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya (CRYPTO ’04). A provably secure version, called BBS+, was then devised by Au, Susilo, and Mu (SCN ’...</p>
<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">BBS</div>
<div class="tags">Data Integrity</div>
<div class="tags">JSON-LD</div>
<div class="tags">Verifiable Credentials</div>
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<br><strong><a href="/web-standards/w3c/verifiable-credentials/jose-jwt+cose-cbor/" rel="permalink">Verifiable Credentials with JOSE (JWT) / COSE (CBOR)
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<p class="archive__item-excerpt" itemprop="description">Digital proof mechanisms, a subset of which are digital signatures, are required to ensure the protection of a verifiable credential. Having and validating proofs, which may be dependent on the syntax of the proof (for example, using the JSON Web Signature of a JSON Web Token for proofing a key h...</p>
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<div class="tags">IANA</div>
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<p class="page__meta"><strong>Updated:</strong> 2023-09-29 <i class="far fa-clock" aria-hidden="true"></i>
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<small><strong>Tags:</strong></small>
<div class="tags">Anoncreds</div>
<div class="tags">Evernym</div>
<div class="tags">Hyperledger Foundation</div>
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<div class="tags">IDEMIX</div>
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